김홍량의 생애와 민족운동

이동언(Lee Dong-Eon) 독립기념관 한국독립운동연구소 2009 한국독립운동사연구 Vol.0 No.34

김홍량은 1885년 9월 20일 황해도 안악에서 태어나 어려서 일찍이 부친을 여의고 조부 김효영의 슬하에서 자랐다. 조부의 권유로 1904년 일본에 유학하여 명치학원을 졸업한 후 조도전대학 정치경제학부 예과에서 수학하였다. 일본 유학생단체인 태극학회와 대한흥학회 임원으로 활동하면서 유학생들과 교류를 통해 안악지역 교육진흥을 위해 매진하였다. 김홍량의 활동을 요약해 보면 안악면학회 설립, 양산학교 운영, 해서교육총회 결성, 안악고보 설립, 경신학교 인수 · 경영 등 교육을 통한 구국운동에 투신하였다. 또한 일본유학생 단체인 태극학회 · 대한흥학회 등 유학생들이 조직한 학회에서 임원으로 활동하였다. 신민회에 가입하여 활동하였으며 특히 안명근과 함께 독립운동 자금 모금을 주도한 안악사건으로 15년 형을 언도받고 서대문형무소에서 옥고를 치렀다. 동아일보 안악지국을 운영하였으며 모범농촌운동과 김농장 건설에 매진하였다. 그 외에도 김구를 비롯한 독립운동가와 그 가족들을 후원하는 등 다양한 민족운동을 전개하였다. 김홍량의 독립운동 방략은 안악면학회 설립목적과 일치한다. 안악면 학회의 설립목적은 ‘국권회복운동의 장기전으로 신교육과 민지계발로 청소년을 계몽하여 독립사상을 고취하고 많은 학교를 세워 교사들을 양성하며, 농사기술을 개량하고 공업을 장려하여 산업진흥을 도모한다’는 것이었다. 김홍량이 고향인 안악을 중심으로 추구하고자 한 국권회복을 위한 실천방안 모델이 바로 안악면학회였다. 김홍량은 안악면학회 설립목적을 평생 실천하면서 국권회복운동을 전개한 독립운동가였다. Kim Hong-Ryang’s was born in Anak, Hwanghae Province on 20th of September, 1885. When he was young, he lost his father and was raised by his grandfather, Hyo-Young Kim. As his grandfather recommended him to study abroad, he started to study in Japan in 1904. Graduating from Meiji school, he studied the preparatory course of the department of political economy, Waseda University. Participating in Taegeukhakhoi(Great absolute academic society), an association of the students studying in Japan and Daehanheunghakhoi(Korean Education Promotion Society) as an executive member, he strove to develop education in Anak area through an exchangeprogram with the students studying in Japan. To make his activities short, he devoted himself to a save-the-nation drive by education like the establishment of Anakmyeonhakhoi(Anak Study Society), Yangsan School management, organization of Haeseo Educational Convention, establishment of Anak High School, Gyeongshin School takeover and management, etc. Also he participated in the academic societies like Taegeukhakhoi, Daehanheunghakhoi as an executive member, which were organized by the students studying in Japan. As he participated in Shinminhoi(a secret society for recovering the sovereignty of Korea). Due to the Anak case in which he led the fund raising for an independence movement with Myeong-Geun Ahn, he received 15 years in prison and languished in Seodaemun Prison. He managed Anak branch office of The Dong-A Daily News and strove to participate in an exemplary farm village movement and the establishment of KIM farm. In addition, he started various national movements like supporting independence fighters including Kim Goo and their families, etc. His independence movement stratagem coincides with the purpose of the establishment of Anakmyeonhakhoi. The purpose of the establishment of Anakmyeonhakhoi was as follows; to enlighten young boys and girls and instill independence ideology into their hearts by new education programs and the development of their intellect for a long war for the recovery of national sovereignty, teacher training through the establishment of lots of schools, and to promote the development of industry by improving farming technology and encouraging industrial production. The model of the practice program for the recovery of national sovereignty which he pursued with Anak, his hometown as the center was Anakmyeonhakhoi. He was a independence fighter who practiced the purpose of the establishment of Anakmyeonhakhoi throughout his life and performed the campaign for the recovery of national sovereignty.

오존에 의한 식물플랑크톤 제거

손진언,이영식,류동춘 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1995 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.2

Phytoplankton in drinking water source bring about variation of pH and produce turbidity and color. They also cause filter clogging and interference of coagulation-sedimentation line in water treatment process and become THMs precusors which resulted from metabolic material of phytoplankton cells and dissolved used at the oxidation step in water treatment plant forms harmful by-products such as THMs, especially in contact with water containg high phytoplankton concentration. This study investigated effect of phytoplankton removal by ozonation as a replacement for chlorination.

회동호의 수질과 식물플랑크톤

손진언,이영식,김상구,류동춘,정종문,류재익 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1995 硏究報告 Vol.18 No.1

Environmental factors of Quality were Temperature, pH, DO, COD, NH₄^(+)-N, No₂^(-)-N, NO₃^(-)-N, PO₄^(3-)-P, transparency and Chl-a. The values range were 3.3-31℃, 7.0-9.3, 8.0-16.8mg/l, 2.9-6.5mg/l, 0.0l-0.8mg/l, 0.0l-0.15mg/l, 0.8-3.7mg/1, 0.01-0.l7mg/l, 0.5-2.0m, 3.1-49.8mg/l, respectively. The phytoplankton are identified as 170taxa, and the order of appearing frequency is as following; Chlorophyceae, Bacillaripphyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Dinophyceae. The causative species of red tide were identified as Microcystis aeruginosa, Trachellomonas hispida, Ceratium hirundinella,' Peridinium, Melosira italica, Staurastrum dorsidentiferum var. ornatum. Minimum Standing crops of algae cell was 728 cell/ml at point 4 on December and Maximum Standing crops of algae cell was 4.68×106 cell/ml at point 2 on August. Dominance species are Cyclotella glomerata and Microcystis aeruginosa during winter to spring season and summer to autumn.

우리나라 公企業의 民營化實態 分析

陸東一,金住彦 충남대학교 법률행정연구소 1989 논문집 Vol.17 No.-

水原 華城行官의 復元을 위한 基礎的 硏究

朴彦坤,金東旭 弘益大學校 1983 弘大論叢 Vol.15 No.2

The palace was built for the king's temporary dwelling apart from the main palace. In the Chosun Dynasty(1392~1910), there were many palaces for temporary use all over the country. The Hwasung palace was built in 1796 near the grave of King Chong jo's father, so as to be used when kings visited the grave. Most of the buildings of the Hwasung palace weree ruined and the site was replaced by public buildings and private houses. But there remained some records on the building of the palace. Hwasung-Sungyuk-Eukwe was the most detailed one, which offered the full record on the scale of each building material. The restoration of the plan of the Hwasung palace became possible by those records. The restored plan offered the fact that the Hwasung palaced had the following characteristics. It had and the fomality of any ordinary palace of the Chosun Dynasty, while some buildings of it consisted of parts of the residence of the upper class, Ondol and Rou-maru.

위성 채널을 통한 DS-BPSK 신호의 전송 특성

김언곤,신동일,조성준 한국항공대학교 1986 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

Uplink와 downlink 가우스성 잡음이 존재하는 존재하에서 비선형 위성 트랜스폰더(transponder)를 통과하는 DS-BPSK(Direct Sequence-Binary Phase Shift Keying)신호의 오율식을 구했다. 위성 트랜스폰더의 TWT(traveling wave tube)전력 증폭기의 비선형 특성은 이상적인 하드리미터(hard limiter)로 모델링하였다. 구해진 오율식에 의해 컴퓨터 계산을 행하고, 그 결과를 반송파 대 uplink잡음전력비(uplink CNR), 반송파 대 downlink잡음 전력비(downlink CNR) 및 확산 스펙트럼의 처리 이득을 파라미터로 하여 그래프로 나타내고 선형시스템의 경우와 비교ㆍ분석했다. 그 결과 uplink CNR 이 O[dB] 이상일 경우는 비선형시스템이 선형시스템에 비해 downlink CNR 면에서 0.4[dB] 정도의 이득이 있었고, 선형시스템에 대한 비선형시스템의 개선도에 있어서 처리 이득은 그다지 영향을 미치지 못함을 알 수 있었다. The error rate equation of DS-BPSK(Direct Sequence-Binary Phase Shift Keying) signal transmitted through the nonlinear satellite transponder has been derived in the up link and downlink Gaussian noise environment. The nonlinearity of TWT(traveling wave tube) in satellite transponder is modeled as an ideal hard limiter. The numerical results of the derived equations have been shown in figures in terms of carrier to uplink noise power ratio(uplink CNR), carrier to downlink noise power ratio(downlink CNR) and process gain, and compared with those of the linear system. In the analysis, we have known that when the uplink CNR is below -5[dB] the hard-limited system degrades the error rate performance compared with the linear system, however, when the uplink CNR is above O[dB] the hard-limited system can gain 0.4[dB] improvement in downlink CNR to maintain a fixed error rate Pe=10(??) compared with the linear system. Even though the process gain can improve the error rate performance of both systems-the hard-limited system and the linear system, it does not affect seriously the improvements of the hard-limite system performance over the linear system performance.

우리나라 전환교육 연구의 동향과 전망 : Current trends and future perspectives

김동일,김언아 국립특수교육원 2003 특수교육연구 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구는 우리나라에서 진행된 전환교육 관련 연구들을 분석하여 주요한 동향을 파악하고 문제점을 도출하여 향후 전환교육 연구의 발전적인 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 우리나라의 전환교육 관련 연구들은 크게 3가지로 나누어질 수 있었는데, 첫째는 외국의 전환모델을 검토하거나, 임상적으로 검증해보는 연구, 둘째, 특수학교 전공과의 운영과 특수학교 졸업생에 대한 실태조사, 셋째, 성공적인 전환을 위한 지원환경에 관한 연구 등이었다. 이에 따른 다양한 문제점들이 연구의 객관성과 타당성에 비추어 논의되었으며, 향후 발전적인 전환교육 연구모델의 개발을 위한 시사점이 제시되었다. This study reviewed the majority of transition-related researches performed in Korea, and analysed their major trends into 3 categories. The first one is concentrated on theoretical investigation, or clinical applying the well-proven foreign transition models to Korean special school students. The second one is centered on the follow-up study of special school graduates and the survey on the management of vocational classes of those schools. The third one is mainly about the supportive environments for the successful transition. Several problems are discussed in reflecting of validity and inter-subjectivity of these researches, and we suggest the future perspectives on the development of better transition research models.

경부 청소술 후의 승모근기능

박준명,박동식,정광익,이언석,노영수 大韓再活醫學會 1998 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.22 No.2

[논문]훗설의 “기하학의 기원” 을 통해 살펴본 건축에서의 전통의 재활성화에 관한 연구

이길주,이동언 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 2003 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.62 No.-

이 연구의 목적은 전통의 재활성화의 진정한 의미를 탐구하기 위한 것이다. 연구의 이론적 틀인 훗셜의 「기하학의 기원」은 근원에 대한 되물음을 통해 전통의 문제를 해명하고 있다. 전통의 재현과 재활성화는 전통의 수동적 이해와 능동적 이해에 의해 구별될 수 있는데, 전통의 재활성화는 능동적 이해를 통해 그 근원이 생활세계임을 이해하고,현시대 맞게 새로운 방식으로 전통을 재창조하는 것이다. 전통의 근원인 생활세계는 일상성의 재활성화의 바탕이 되는 세계로,사회 구성원들의 공통의 경험을 간직하고 있다. 그러나 일상적이고 습관적인 일상성이 재활성화될 수 있는 것은 의식의 지향성에 의해 새롭고 간-주관적으로 인식될 수 있기 때문이다.

디지털 건축디자인으로서 '주름(Fold)'에 관한 연구 : 질 들뢰즈의 '주름(Fold)'사유와 피터 아이젠만의 '접기(Folding)'기법을 중심으로 through G. Deleuze's 'fold' thought and Peter Eisenman's 'folding'

강훈,이동언 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.11

The keyword to solve Deleuze's folding thought is the virtual. It contains all relations changing endlessly by differences as it is refusing the transcendental and absolute center but maintaining consistency. It makes it possible for the new approaching methods to escape from the previous established ones. It opens the way expressing the immanent life and the variety as endless differences. The architecture that always intensifies the virtual can be unfolded if the folding thought can be architecturally actualized. So, this paper interpret with the digital form making languages and the digital form transforming methods as diagrams which Peter Eisenman used it in his works on the basis of the Deleuze's folding thought. Furthermore, it propose the new digital form creating methods that can express fold's thought and that are excluded in Eisenman's methods. The suggested digital form creating methods can be thought as the most proper ones of making an architectural form closer to Deleuze's folding thought. These methods showed possibilities that they transform the digital design concepts combined with the contemporary architectural theory based on Deleuze into architecture.