경주 교동 최씨가 소장 추수기(秋收記)·수세기(收稅記) 자료의 전존 현황과 특성

최주희 ( Choi Joo Hee ) 한국고문서학회 2021 古文書硏究 Vol.59 No.-

경주 교동 최씨가[최부자댁]에서 소장하고 있는 334건의 추수기·수세기 자료는 교동 최씨 가의 지주 경영 방식을 파악할 수 있는 중요한 문서군이다. 이중 274건은 경주시와 울산 북부 지역 일대의 논에서 지대를 수취하기 위해 작성된 추수기 자료들이다. 최씨가의 추수기에서 확인되는 주요한 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 干支를 기준으로 작성연대를 추정하였을 때, 19세기 후반부터 일제시기 전반에 이르는 시계열 분포를 보인다는 점이다. 둘째, 같은 해에 작성된 여러 형태의 추수기가 남아 있고, 추수기 사이에 모종의 상관관계가 확인된다는 점이다. 셋째, 일제시기까지 대부분의 논에서 打租의 방식을 적용하여 추수기를 작성하였다는 점이다. 비슷한 시기 다른 지역의 추수기에서 확인되는 지대수취 방식은 대부분 執租와 賭租인데 반해, 교동 최씨가의 추수기는 作人과 種子, 稅米까지도 공동 분담하는 형식을 띤 것으로 보인다. 이 때문에 추수기 상에 作人과 斗落, 種子·卜價를 먼저 쓰고, 추수 후 이를 공제하여 반분한 내역을 나중에 기재하는 방식으로 추수기를 작성하였다. 실제로 경주지역 작인들 사이에서 최씨가의 지대수취 방식을 ‘단갈림한다’고 표현하였다. 한편 교동 최씨가에서는 밭작물인 보리와 콩 수확을 관리하고 지대를 수취하기 위한 목적에서 별도의 수 세기를 작성하였으며, 현재 남아 있는 건수만 60점으로 확인된다. 추수기에 대한 다양한 사례 연구가 발표된 바 있지만, 밭작물의 지대수취 내역을 이처럼 오랜 기간 수세기 형식으로 작성한 경우는 드물다. 일부의 사례를 검토한 것이기는 하지만, 최씨가의 추수기에서 확인되는 평균 지대량은 당대 다른 지역의 지대량과 큰 차이를 보이지 않는다. 반면 작인에게서 거둔 보리와 콩의 평균 지대량은, 도조의 방식으로 수취하였기 때문에 절대 생산량을 짐작하기 어려움에도 불구하고 현저히 적은 액수로 파악된다. 이는 최씨가에서 가경지를 제외한 나머지 밭을 작인들에게 대여해주고 최소한의 지대만 수취한 결과로 여겨진다. 이처럼 최씨가의 지주 경영은 당대 다른 지역 사례와 차별되는 측면들이 있다. 본고에서는 전체적인 자료의 현황과 작성방식을 분석하는 데 논의의 초점을 맞추었기 때문에, 향후에는 본고에서 미처 다 해결하지 못한 부분들을 보완하여, 구체적인 지대량의 추이를 살펴보기로 하겠다. Over 330 historic materials on harvest season possessed by ‘Rich Men’ Gyeongju Choi clan in Gyeongju Gyodong are important documents that can be used to reveal Rich Men Choi’s unique landowner management cases. Among which, 274 are the data written during harvest season for the purpose of receiving rent from the land distributed sporadically in Gyeongju and northern part of Ulsan. The major characteristics identified in Rich Men Choi’s historic house are as follows. First, when estimating the whole data, it showed chronological distribution from the late 19^th century to the first half season of Japanese occupation. Second, different types of harvest materials written during the same year co-existed and a certain correlation between them is identified. Third, up to the Japanese colonial period, most paddy fields of Gyeongju Choi clan applied ‘Tajo(打租: receiving a rent with a half-dividing of the harvest)’method. Rent acquisitions identified in other regions in contemporaries were ‘Jipzo(執租: adjusting rent rates before harvesting)’ or ‘Dojo(賭租: receiving a rent with a certain amounts of harvest)’. However Rich men Choi clan shared in half of seeds and rice straws with tenant farmers. So among tenant farmers in Gyeongju, Rich men Choi’s rent acquisition method was called as ‘Dangalim(indicating 5:5 allocation).’ On the other hand, Rich men Choi wrote separate materials to menage barley-farm product and bean harvest and there were now 62 of them have been remained. Various case studies on harvest records of paddies have been published, but few rent aquisition cases from harvest of bean and barley have been identified. Rich men Choi’s average rent identified during harvest season does not show a big difference from the rent amount in other regions, although it reviewed a part of all cases. But the average rent of barley and bean collected from the tenant farmers is significantly low despite the difficulties in guessing the absolute production because they received rent in the way of Dojo. This is considered as a result of lending the rest fields except the arable lands of Rich men Choi to tenant farmers and receiving the minimum rent. Like this, Rich men Choi’s landowner management has a difference from the cases of other regions. In this paper, the focus is on analyzing the current status of the entire data and how it was written. So further studies need to complement the insufficient parts that were not resolved in this paper and reveal the specific historic points of view about Rich Men Choi’s landowner management case.

개방형 기프트카드의 딜레마: 폐쇄형 vs. 개방형 기프트카드에 따른 이용자의 선택 후 만족과 행복의 차이 분석

최자영 ( Choi Jayoung ),장은영 ( Jang Eunyoung ) 한국소비자학회 2016 소비자학연구 Vol.27 No.5

기프트카드는 크게 2가지 유형(개방형 vs. 폐쇄형)으로 구분해볼 수 있다. 이 중, 개방형(unrestricted) 기프트카드는 백화점, 은행/카드사 기프트카드와 같이 이용처가 폭넓은 기프트카드를 의미하며, 폐쇄형(restricted) 기프트카드는 특정 브랜드 업체에서만 사용 가능하여 제한성이 높은 기프트카드를 의미한다. 일반적으로, 선물을 주는 사람들은 폐쇄형 기프트카드보다는 이용 범위가 넓어 다양한 대안 중에서 선택할 수 있는 개방형 기프트카드를 주로 선물하고, 이러한 선택 자율성이 높은 개방형 기프트카드가 받는 사람에게도 더 큰 만족감과 행복감을 제공할 것으로 생각한다. 하지만 선택 대안이 넓은 경우, 소비자들은 오히려 선택 정당화가 어려워 선택 후 만족감이 감소하는 경향이 있다. 이와 마찬가지로, 선택 대안이 넓은 개방형 기프트카드가 인기는 있지만 실질적으로 선물을 받아 상품을 구매하는 사람의 입장에서는 오히려 폐쇄형 기프트카드가 더 큰 선택 후 만족감, 행복감을 느낄 수 있다. 분석결과, 기프트카드를 선물 받아 이용하는 사람들은 개방형 기프트카드보다는 폐쇄형 기프트카드로 상품을 선택할 때 선택 후 만족감과 행복감이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 구매의 정당화가 더 크게 요구되는 쾌락재를 구매할 때, 개방형 보다 폐쇄형 기프트카드가 더 높은 만족감과 행복감을 느끼도록 하였으며 구매 정당화의 필요성이 낮은 실용재는 이러한 기프트카드 유형에 따른 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 쾌락재를 중심으로 정당화 용이성의 매개를 검증한 결과, 쾌락재 구매 상황일 때 폐쇄형 기프트카드는 선택의 정당화를 더 용이하도록 하여 선택 후 만족감과 행복감을 높이는 매개 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 최종적으로, 본 연구는 기프트카드 사용이 점점 늘어나고 있는 현 시점에서 소비자에게 더 큰 행복감과 만족감을 제공하기 위해 기업에서는 어떻게 기프트카드를 활용해야 하는가에 대해 실무적 시사점을 제공하고, 학술적으로도 기프트카드 지불수단에 대한 소비자의 선택후 행동의 차이와 매개 효과를 제시함으로써 시사점을 제공하고자 한다. This article examines how a gift card type(unrestricted vs. restricted) influences a gift-receiver`s choice satisfaction and happiness. Unrestricted gift cards mean the open-use gift card which can be used for almost every retailor stores like Amex and Visa gift cards, whereas restricted gift cards mean the closed-use gift cards which can only be used in particular stores from issuing retailers such as Starbucks and CGV gift cards(Reinholtz, Bartels, and Parker 2015). Generally, people tend to give unrestricted gift cards more often as a present since these cards can be used in broad retailer stores, thereby allowing gift-receivers to be able to purchase products in large assortments with choice diversity. However, this research casts a doubt on whether the unrestricted-gift cards would lead gift- receivers to higher satisfaction and happiness than restricted gift cards after choosing the product with the given gift cards. Although unrestricted gift cards provide choice diversity, such a broad choice assortment and diversity can cause the choice difficulty and complexity. Prior research has suggested that consumers are likely to feel lower satisfaction and have less positive choice attitude with large assortment rather than small assortment because large assortment can make choice justification difficult. Similarly, unrestricted gift cards which can be used in broad retailer stores can lower the choice satisfaction and happiness than restricted gift cards because compared to restricted gift cards, unrestricted gift cards allow receivers to considers more choice options from different retailers and this large assortment can cause negative effect on gift-receiver`s choice satisfaction and happiness. Thus, it is hypothesized that consumers with restricted gift cards will have higher choice satisfaction and happiness than those with unrestricted gift cards. Furthermore, because of the fact that restricted gift cards can be used in the particular issuing retailers, the limitation in store usability of restricted gift cards would provide more effective justification toward the use of the gift cards and the purchase in the only allowed retailor stores. Based on this logic, we expected that some product types which requires the higher level of justification such as hedonic products would benefit from the use of restricted gift cards than unrestricted gift cards. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the effect of gift cards type on choice satisfaction and happiness will be moderated by the product type(hedonic vs utilitarian). Specifically, in hedonic product which requires higher justification, consumers with restricted gift cards will feel higher satisfaction and happiness than those with unrestricted gift cards. However, in utilitarian product which there is lower needs for justification, there will be no difference between two gift card types on choice satisfaction and happiness. To examine these hypothesis, we conducted 5 experiments. In study 1a, we asked participants to recall the experience when they received the gift cards and how they felt choice satisfaction and happiness after using the card to purchase what they wanted. We found that those with restricted gift cards felt higher satisfaction and happiness than those with unrestricted gift cards. In study 1b, participants were asked to imagine that they received a birthday gift(10,000won), either in unrestricted gift card or restricted gift card and they were about to use the gift card in Starbucks. Then, they were asked to choose the product they would be willing to buy with the gift card and how they are satisfied and happy from the choice. The result revealed that compared to participants with unrestricted gift cards, those with restricted gift cards showed higher satisfaction and happiness. This result supports our hypothesis that restricted gift cards will more positively influence to receivers` choice satisfaction and happiness than unrestricted gift cards. Study 2 and 3 were conducted to figure out the moderating effect of product types(hedonic vs. utilitarian). Participants were randomly assigned to a condition in 2(gift card type: restricted vs. unrestricted) x 2(product: hedonic vs. utilitarian) between design. The result showed that there was a significant interaction effect between gift card type and product type. Specifically, in hedonic product condition, those with restricted gift card showed higher satisfaction and happiness than those with unrestricted gift card. On the other hand, in utilitarian condition, there was no difference depending on the gift card type. This is consistent with our hypothesis that product type will moderate the effect of gift card types on choice satisfaction and happiness. Study 4 was conducted in order to verify the mediation effect of justifiability. The result shows that in hedonic product condition, justifiability mediates the relationship between gift cards and choice satisfaction and happiness. That is, restricted gift card increases the justifiability and its justification increases the happiness and satisfaction. In conclusion, the goal of this article is to examine how the gift card types influence the gift- receiver`s choice satisfaction and happiness. Although unrestricted gift card outwardly seems to provide more positive influence to the receiver, our result suggests that restricted gift cards lead them to higher choice satisfaction and happiness rather than unrestricted gift cards. Also, justifiability mediated the relationship between gift cards and choice satisfaction and happiness. Based on this result, we suggest that gift card issuing companies need to facilitate restricted gift cards, especially for the business whose main products are hedonic products requiring justification. Additionally, we discuss theoretical and practical implications of the findings.

Taxonomic Review of the family Platygastridae (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea) from the Korean Peninsula

Buhl Peter Neerup,Choi June-Yeol Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.2

A total of 41 species were investigated, including only one species in the check list of Korean insects, which contains five platygastrids. Eleven species of the family Platygastridae are described as new to science from Korea, viz. Allostemma bicolor Buhl & Choi, Amblyaspis koreana Choi & Buhl, Leptaeis koreana Buhl & Choi, L. ocellaris Choi & Buhl, Platygaster ciliata Buhl & Choi, P. flavifemorata Buhl & Choi, P. kui Choi & Buhl, P. tripotini Buhl & Choi, Synopeas eollinus Choi & Buhl, S. kimi Choi & Buhl, and S. pumilus Buhl & Choi. Further nineteen species are recorded from The Korean Peninsula for the first time, and some new records are added for eleven species, already known from the Peninsula. Keys are given to the genera and species of Platygastridae hitherto recorded from The Korean Peninsula. As a result, platygastrid fauna of The Korean Peninsula is composed of 68 species up to now.

Taxonomic Review of the family Platygastridae (Hymenoptera:Platygastroidea) from the Korean Peninsula

Peter Neerup Buhl,June-Yeol Choi 한국응용곤충학회 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.2

A total of 41 species were investigated, including only one species in the check list of Korean insects, which contains five platygastrids. Eleven species of the family Platygastridae are described as new to science from Korea, viz. Allostemma bicolor Buhl & Choi, Amblyaspis koreana Choi & Buhl, Leptacis koreana Buhl & Choi, L. ocellaris Choi & Buhl, Platygaster ciliata Buhl & Choi, P. flavifemorata Buhl & Choi, P. kui Choi & Buhl, P. tripotini Buhl & Choi, Synopeas collinus Choi & Buhl, S. kimi Choi & Buhl, and S. pumilus Buhl & Choi. Further nineteen species are recorded from The Korean Peninsula for the first time, and some new records are added for eleven species, already known from the Peninsula. Keys are given to the genera and species of Platygastridae hitherto recorded from The Korean Peninsula. As a result, platygastrid fauna of The Korean Peninsula is composed of 68 species up to now.

Systematic Difference in Perspectives on Public Choice Issues between Economists and Political Scientists in Korea : A Survey Analysis

Sung-Kyu Lee,Kwang Choi 한국공공선택학회 2016 The Korean Public Choice Society Vol.4 No.1

공공선택학(Public Choice)은 경제학과 정치·행정학을 전공하는 학자들 간에 학제적 또는 통섭적으로 연구가 이루어지는 학문 분야이다. 그러나 두 학문 분야가 공공선택 학을 바라보는 인식이나 관점에 있어서 근원적인 차이가 있다. 왜냐하면 공공선택학의 중핵을 구성하는 ‘연구 대상’과 ‘연구 방법’을 둘러싸고 두 학문 분야 간에 차이가 존재하기 때문이다. 본 논문의 목적은 공공선택학의 여러 주제들에 있어서 ‘경제학자 들과 정치·행정학자들 간에 어느 정도의 견해 차이가 존재하는지’를 실증적으로 분석 하는데 있다. 이러한 목적 달성을 위해 두 학문 분야의 연구자들을 대상으로 설문조사 를 실시한 결과, 평균적으로 경제학자들과 정치·행정학자들 간에 여러 주제들에 있어 서 분명한 견해 차이가 존재함을 발견하였다. 총 34개의 설문문항들 가운데 12개의 설문문항들에 있어서 두 집단 간에 ‘통계적으로 유의한’ 견해 차이가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 두 집단 간의 ‘규범적 믿음들’(normative beliefs)에 대한 견해 차이가 ‘실증적 가정들’(positive assumptions)에 대한 견해 차이보다 더 체계적 (systematic)으로 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 공공선택학 연구자들 간에 존재하는 이러한 근본적인 견해 차이는 역설적으로 두 집단 간의 ‘학제적 연구’의 필요성을 반증하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. The ‘Public Choice’ represents an interdisciplinary field studied and researched by both economists and political scientists. Given the different perspective from which economists and political scientists view the same issues, different conclusions are likely to be reached. In other words, economists and political scientists are thought to disagree on many topical issues. In order to examine their disagreement or consensus on public choice topics, we made a survey containing 34 questions on various public choice issues to economists and political scientists. The survey finds a systematic difference in responses between two fields to many questions. Firstly, among the total 34 questions, the two groups exhibited “statistically significant ” differences with 12 questions. Secondly, the differences between the two groups on the questions of normative beliefs were more systematic than the differences on the questions pertaining to the positive assumptions of the theory. Thus, opinions on ‘normative beliefs’ are more systematically differed than those on ‘positive assumptions’. Paradoxically, this result implies that the Public Choice needs interdisciplinary studies between two fields. To realize meaningful interdisciplinary studies of Public Choice Theory through close collaboration, it is imperative to make efforts to remove the fundamental differences in opinion between the two groups.

崔致遠의 시를 통해 본 9세기 黃海航路

최낙민(Choi, Nack-Min) 한국해양대학교 국제해양문제연구소 2015 해항도시문화교섭학 Vol.0 No.12

海雲崔致遠(857∼?)은 9세기 바닷길을 통한 羅唐간의 문화교류를 대표하는 인물일 뿐만 아니라 한국 漢文學의 비조로 추앙받는 인물이다. 때문에 최치원에 대한 연구는 문학, 철학, 역사 등 다양한 방면에서 진행되어 많은 성과물을 내고 있다. 하지만 그의 행적을 해양실크로드와 연관시켜 진행한 연구는 그리 많지 않다. 다행히 최치원은 『桂苑筆耕集』卷20에 수록한 七言絶句15수와 七言律詩15수가 884년 10월 양주를 떠나 다음해 3월 신라의 왕도 경주에 도착하기까지 귀국길에 창작한 것임을 밝히고 있다. 본문에서는 최치원 선생의 『桂苑筆耕集』 뿐만 아니라 『孤雲集』?등에 수록된 작품 중, 귀국시기에 지어진 시를 분석하여 그가 이용한 황해항로를 살펴보고 시에 드러난 최치원의 심경을 살펴보았다. 먼저 황해항로의 西端揚州에서 중국 동해안에 이르는 大運河길을 통해 귀국을 즈음한 최치원의 복잡한 심경과 함께 강남지역의 사회상을 살펴보았다. 다음으로는 항해에 필요한 순풍을 기다리기 위해 한겨울을 바닷가에서 보냈던 최치원의 시를 통해 항해에 종사하는 사람들의 종교와 삶을 유추하였다. 마지막 장에서는 황해항로에 대해 고찰하고 慶州의 모습을 통해 바닷길을 통한 문화교류의 양상을 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 경제적인 측면이 강조된 남양해양실크로드와 달리 신라와 당을 연결하는 황해해로의 특징은 문화교류에 있었음을 확인할 수 있었다. Choi Chi Won(857∼?), also known by his pen names as Haeun and Goun, is not only a person who represents the cultural exchange between the two dynasties, the Silla-Tang (羅唐) through the Sea Route in the ninth century, but also one of the most revered figures as the progenitor of Sino-Korean literature (漢文學) in Korea. For this reason, the studies on Choi Chi Won are being carried out and have achieved a number of products in various fields, such as literature, philosophy, and history. There is, however, only few works conducted on his deeds in connection with the Maritime Silk Road. Fortunately, Choi Chi Won expressed that the poems in his twenty-volume work, 『桂苑筆耕集』Gyewon Pilgyeonjip : Plowing the Gassia Grove with a Writing Brush were composed during the return voyage from the time he left Yangzh?u (?州) in October of the year 884 to the time he arrived at Gyeongju, the capital of the Silla Dynasty in March of the next year. Those poems are fifteen verses written in quatrain with seven chinese characters in each line (七言絶句) and the other fifteen poems which includes eight-line verse with seven-chinese characters each (七言律詩). This thesis explores the Yellow Sea Route that Choi Chi Won made a voyage on and how his mind was expressed in his poems by analyzing his poetry written during the homecoming. The analysis includes 『孤雲集』 The collection of Goun’s poetical work as well as 『桂苑筆耕集』Gyewon Pilgyeonjip, in the body. At first, it aims to read Choi’s complicated emotions around the time when he returned back home through the Grand Canal on the Yellow Sea Route from the western end of Yangzh?u linking to the eastern coast of China. It also endeavors to dissect social aspects in the southern region of the Yangtze River. Furthermore, religions and the lives of the people engaged in navigation will be analogized through Choi’s poetry which was composed on the seaside as he waited for a tailwind to continue his voyage. In the last chapter, the modality of the cultural exchange through the Maritime Silk Road is explored by contemplating the Yellow Sea Route and Gyeongju. From this work, it is assured that the main characteristic of the Yellow Sea Route, connecting the Silla and Tang Dynasties, is the cultural exchange which is different from the South Sea-Maritime Silk Road in which economic aspects are emphasized.

1920년대 출판경영인 崔永澤과 『立身冒險談』번역

최희정(Choi, hee-jung) 부산경남사학회 2017 역사와 경계 Vol.103 No.-

이 연구의 목적은 3.1운동 전후 『태서문예신보』에서 『매일신보』에 이르기까지 최영택의 행적과 활동을 성공주의를 유포한 자조론 계열 지식인으로서 검토하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 최영택이 『매일신보』에 번역·연재한 『자조론』아류 서적인 『입신모험담』과 메이지 후기 일본에서 생산된 원전 『입신모험담』을 비교하여 그 첨삭된 항목과 내용을 중심으로 양자를 분석하였다. 또 메이지 후기 일본과 1920년대 식민지 조선이라는 양자의 다른 사회적 상황과 조건 아래 성공주의 전파가 가지는 사회적 기능과 효과의 차이도 논의하였다. 최영택은 『태서문예신보』를 통해 등단한 ‘무명시인’으로 알려져 있었는데, 이 연구를 통해 그가 이 잡지의 사생첩 기자로도 활동한 새로운 사실을 밝혔다. 이에 더하여 1920년대 초 『여자시론』창간과 경영에 참여한 최영택과 동일 인물이라는 점 또한 밝혔다. 무엇보다 최영택을 비롯한 『태서문예신보』의 주요 집필진들이 성공담론 유포에 적극적이었으며, 이 잡지가 육당의 『자조론』이 출간된 1910년대 말 식민지 지성계의 새로운 경향을 반영한 잡지로서의 성격을 가졌음을 제시하였다. 한편 1920년대 초 최영택이 여성전문잡지 『여자시론』 『부인계』의 창간을 주도하면서, 가족경영의 출판사 문창사에서 잡지경영인으로서 활동한 것을 식민지 사회에서 출판업으로 입신성공하려는 그의 지향성 및 『입신모험담』번역의 배경으로 파악하였다. 최영택이 번역한 『입신모험담』은 1920년대 초 조선총독부 식민정책의 충실한 전파 매체였던 『매일신보』의 번역·연재물로서 기획된 것이었다. 원전 『입신모험담』은 러일전쟁 시기 일본 국내 입신출세의 길이 원활하지 않은 상황에서 청년들의 해외 식민지 진출을 종용하는 『자조론』아류 서적류에 속했는데, 이것은 일본의 제국주의 확장에 기여하는 논리를 제공해주었다. 한편 1920년대 초 『매일신보』의 번역·연재물로서 기획된 『입신모험담』을 통한 성공주의 전파는 일본의 식민정책에 협력하는 사회적 효과를 가졌음을 시사하였다. 이 연구는 3.1운동 이후 1960∼70년대에 이르기까지 한국사회에서 장기간 생명력을 유지한 세속적 성공주의와 그것의 전파에 기여한 지식인의 계보를 찾으려는 노력의 일환이다. 이 연구에서 제시한 세속적 성공주의 전파에 기여한 이른바 자조론 계열 지식인과 이들에 대한 고찰은 우파 식민지 지식인 연구에 새로운 轉機가 될 수 있을 것이라고 기대한다. The purpose of this paper focuses on the study of, Choi young-taek, a translator and magazine editor who was trying to succeed in the colonial Korea in the 1920’s. I examined that he had belonged to a right-wing intellectual who accepted Self–Help in colonial Korea. He was influenced by Self–Help or something similar and then began to serialize a translated book, Adversity leads to one’s success(『立身冒險談』) that tells stories about successfully challenged people in The Daily Newspaper. I compared differences in social function between a original book had affected youths in the late Meiji Japan and 「Adversity leads to one’s success」 series in The Daily Newspaper in 1920’s Korea. I think that his conduct of translation expressed a drive to succeed. He wrote poems in the journal of literature and the arts(『泰西文藝新報』) in the late 1910’s and had been known to be not a famous poet. I found that he played an important role in the journal of Literature and the arts as an editor and reporter. It wasn’t simply to introduce western literature and the arts but reflected the point of view of Choi nam-sun in the late 1910’s. Choi nam-sun translated Self-help into Korean in 1918. As you know, It was a turning point in change of the social meaning of ‘self-help’, the keyword of Self-help to be used national ideology that was translated into Korean in the late of Great Han empire. Choi young-taek was an editor and reporter in the women’s discourse(『女子詩論』), a public magazine of Chosen women’s education center, and he published Women’s world(『婦人界』) his own company in the early 1920s. His experience of the journal of literature and the arts at the time of the late 1910’s probably had affected him to be a magazine publisher in the early 1920s. He was a member of munchangsa(文昌社), the family-owned publisher which had been founded in the early 1920s and published magazines. I think that his conduct to have a job as a publisher was related to the will to succeed. As I said before, He serialized a translated book, Adversity leads to one’s success. The source of translation, stories of people who successfully challenged by adversity, was a type of Self-help in Japan. As we know, Self-help was a kind of books which have to be read for a purpose of the success of an individual. In conclusion, Choi’s translation of stories about successfully challenged people realized a value of Self-Help, it would have helped Japanese imperialism to rule colonial Korea. I believe that it is need to study right-wing Korean intellectuals like Choi young-taek who accepted Self-help in modern Korea.

배구경기의 서브 기능 테스트 평가모형 연구

최희남(Choi Hee-Nam) 한국체육과학회 2001 한국체육과학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study was to verify the validity and reliability on the 4 types of volleyball serve skill testing model. Subjects were 2 grade women's middle school(n=122) student which had practiced underhand serve for 6 week before the trial. They were tested 4 types of volleyball serve skill testing model in randomly order. The 4 types of testing model included AAHPERD, Russell-Lange Choi's model and new designed professional model which was invented by physical education teacher at middle school. We tested twice in randomly order and evaluated the validity, reliability and skill improvement on the 4 types of volleyball serve skill testing model. The results were as follows; 1) There were high correlation(r=.80) in validity among 4 types of volleyball serve skill testing model(p<01). 2) We examed a pre and post serve skill test for each model, and there were significant correlation in reliability for Choi's model(r=.839) and AAHPERD(r=.794) in order. 3) For the compensating the validity and reliability on the 4 type testing model, we have compared the scatter gram to normal curve and evaluating the skeness and kurtosis. Ther were high values on the Choi's model which was .833 and AAHPERD(.675) in skewness. In addition, there were positive value in kurtosis on the Russel-Lange which was .037 and negative values on the 3 testing model. 4) It has showed that success of serve test was 63.5% following 6 week practice and 30% of the students did not make any serve in the trial. 5) There were significant correlation between physique and serve skill among 4 types of volleyball serve skill testing. Specially, we have verified that height showed highest correlation with success of volleyball serve(r=.303). In summary, evidence for the combined evaluation of normal curve, reliability and validity on the 4 types testing model, we have concluded that choi's model showed the best evaluation method for middle school student. Furthermore, Choi's model revealed the easiest way to drawing court in class exam. Therefore, we recommended that Choi's model was the most valuable underhand volleyball serve skill testing model among the 4 model and very effective testing method for middle school student.

감사위원 선임방식의 변경과 이익조정에 관한 연구

최헌섭(Choi Heon-seob),정래용(Chung Rae-young) 한국국제회계학회 2017 국제회계연구 Vol.0 No.73

이 논문은 2009년에 도입된 감사위원 선출시 일괄선출방식으로의 변경이 감사위원회의 독립적인 본래의 역할에 어떤 영향을 주었는가에 대한 검증을 위하여 감사위원회 선임방법의 변경 이전과 이후에 이익조정의 차이가 있는지 실증한다. 검증을 위한 표본기업은 비금융업을 영위하는 유가증권시장(KSE) 상장기업을 대상으로 분석기간은 2003년부터 2015년까지, 기업-연도 2,957개이다. 실증결과를 요약하면 첫째, 감사위원회를 의무적으로 도입한 기업의 경우 감사위원 선임 시 일괄선출방식으로 변경은 이익조정이 증가하는 결과를 보여주고 있다. 둘째, 자발적으로 감사위원회를 도입한 기업의 경우 감사위원 선임 시 일괄선출방식으로 변경은 이익조정의 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실증결과는 회계투명성을 위하여 정책결정자에게 감사위원의 선임방법에 있어서 일괄선출방식에서 분리선출방식으로 변경되어야 감사위원회 본래의 역할을 더 적절하게 할 수 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다. This study tries to investigate the effects of earnings management on the change of audit committee director choice. We examines closely the relation between earnings management and the change of the total election of audit committee choice from separate election of the audit committee director choice on Commercial Act adopted in 2009. Our major empirical results of the study are summarized as follows. Firstly, companies with a mandatory audit committee has increased earnings management by means of a discretionary accruals after from the adoption of separate election of audit committee to the adoption of total election of the audit committee. However, there is no difference in the amount between discretionary accruals and the change of audit committee director choice for the voluntarily choice company of audit committee. This results might imply that our study contributes to the related fields as follows. This study gives rise to the momentum that shows the relations between the quality level of financial reporting and the choice audit committee director. Our findings make some important contributions to regulatory bodies in that the adoption of separate election of the audit committee director.

수단그라스 교잡종과 수수-수단그라스 교잡종 간의 생육특성, 수량성 및 사료가치 비교

최기준,이상훈,이기원,지희정,황태영,김기용,Choi, Gi Jun,Lee, Sang-Hoon,Lee, Ki-won,Ji, Hee Chung,Hwang, Tae-Young,Kim, Ki-Yong 한국초지조사료학회 2017 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.37 No.1

본 연구는 동일한 재배환경에서 수수-수단그라스 교잡종과 수단그라스 교잡종 간의 생육특성과 생산성을 조사하기 위하여 2010년부터 2011년까지 중부지역(천안)과 남부지역(김제)에서 수행되었다. 시험품종은 수수-수단그라스 교잡종인 SX-17(출수형), Jumbo(비출수형) 및 Revolution(BMR) 품종과 수단그라스 교잡종인 Choice, Sunstar 및 Piper 품종으로 하였다. 파종은 5월 5일(천안)과 5월 7일(김제)에 하였다. 수단그라스 교잡종의 출수기는 7월 12일경으로 수수-수단그라스 교잡종보다 약 2주 빨랐고, 줄기 굵기는 6mm 내외로서 수수-수단그라스보다 약 5mm 정도 가늘었다. 수단그라스 교잡종인 Choice 품종의 병해는 수수-수단그라스 교잡종들과 대등한 것으로 평가되었다. Choice 품종의 총 건물수량은 15ton/ha로서 수수-수단그라스 교잡종인 SX-17 보다 10% 정도 적었다. 수단그라스 교잡종인 Choice의 건물소화율은 66.1%, 조단백질 함량은 8.9%, NDF 함량은 65.4%, ADF 함량은 41.3%, TDN 함량은 56.3%로서 수수-수단그라스 교잡종과 대등하거나 약간 낮은 사료가치를 나타내었다. 양질조사료 생산 현장에서 연중조사료 생산 작부체계에서 수단그라스 교잡종은 생육기간이 수수-수단그라스보다 2주 정도 짧으므로 5월 하순에 파종이 가능함에 따라 동계사료작물인 이탈리안 라이그라스가 5월 중하순까지 충분히 생육할 시간을 줄 수 있어 조사료 생산성 향상과 원활한 작부체계의 운영이 기대된다. This experiment was carried out to compare the growth characteristics and productivity between sudangrass and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid under the same cultivation condition in Cheonan and Kimje of Korea from 2010 to 2011. Sudangrass hybrids(Choice, Sunstar and Piper) and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids(SX-17, Jumbo and Revolution) were planted $5^{th}$ May in Cheonan and $7^{th}$ May in Kimje. Heading date of sudangrass hybrids was $12^{th}$ July which was about 2 week fast more than that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. Stem diameter of sudangrass hybrids was about 6mm which was about 5 mm smaller than that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. Disease resistance of sudangrass hybrid, "Choice" was similar to that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. Dry matter yield of "Choice" was 15ton/ha which was 10% less than that for sorghum-sudangrass hybrids(SX-17). Feed value of "Choice" was similar or slightly lower than that of sorghum-sudangrass. For increasing the productivity in forage cropping systems all around year, sudangrass hybrid is recommended for prolong by the middle ten day of May in the harvesting time of italian ryegrass.