주자(朱子)의 복서역학(卜筮易學)에 대한 연구(硏究)

송인창 ( In Chang Song ),조기원 ( Gi Won Jo ) 한국동서철학회 2011 동서철학연구 Vol.62 No.-

『주역』을 연구하려면 가장 먼저 복서卜筮와 점占에 대한 탐색을 피할 수 없다. 복서에 기반한 『주역』은 동양철학의 원천이기 때문이다. 복서의 뿌리와 원형을 제대로 연구하지 않고는 『주역』의 본질에 접근할 수 없다. 복서는 넓은 의미에서 보면 동양인의 정신세계를 포괄하는 사유의 모델인 동시에 행위의 규범이었다. 주역사에서 주자朱子(1130-1200)는 최정상의 학자로 손꼽히는 인물이다. 그는 다양한 학문의 집대성자답게 역학사상 역시 상수역象數易과 의리역義理易과 복서역卜筮易이라는 세 갈래의 관점을 하나로 통합하였다. 그렇다고 복서역만이 주자 역학의 전모는 아니다. 그의 역학은 다양한 스펙트럼으로 조명되어야 마땅하기 때문이다. 이 논문은 주자의 역학사상 가운데 복서관을 중심으로 어떻게 상수론과 의리론을 통합하고 있는가의 문제를 살피는 것을 목적으로 한다. 하지만 대부분의 학자들은 주자의 역학을 성리학性理學의 입장에서 의리역학 혹은 상수역학의 관점에서만 다루어왔다. 주자가 『주역』의 출발과 본질이 복서라고 강조했음에도 불구하고 복서역 자체에 대해서는 아직까지 체계적인 연구는 이루어지지 않았다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 비록 주자가 복서와 상수를 강조했더라도 도덕이 배제된 『주역』은 한갓 술수론에 지나지 않는다는 것을 의식하고 『주역』의 윤리설을 도입한다. 의리역은 하늘과 인간이 하나됨을 겨냥한다. 의리가 빠진 복서는 점치는 용도에 불과하고, 의리가 배제된 상수 역시 공허한 관념론에 불과하기 때문에 복서에서 의리로, 또는 상수에서 의리로의 지향은 필연의 과정이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 주자는 복서의 논리를 중심으로 상수의 수학적 엄밀성을 도입하여 합리성을 보강했으며, 또한 이를 바탕으로 도덕의 세계로 나아가는 디딤돌을 마련하였다. 더 나아가 주자는 복서를 넘어 윤리의 세계를 지향하여 주역관을 근거로 성리학을 정립하였던 것이다. The Book of Changes is the most valuable classic that contains Confucian view of the world and life including metaphysics, epistemology, and the theory of value. Zhu Xi(1130-1200), considered to be the best scholar throughout the history of the Book of Changes, complied various teachings and synthesized three standpoints of the thoughts in the Book of Changes-the XiangshuYi(象數易), the YiliYi(義理易), and the BushiYi(卜筮易)-into one integrated point of view. The purpose of this dissertation is to study how Zhu Xi has synthesized the image and number theory with the morality and rationality theory based upon the divination theory. Although greatly emphasized the importance of the Bushi(卜筮) with the image and number, Zhu Xi realized that the Book of Changes lacking the value of morality would be nothing but a petty artifice. Therefore, he adopted ethics. The ultimate purpose of the moral and rational principle is to bring the oneness of heaven and humanity. Since the divination without morality and rationality would be just a means of fortunetelling and the image and number principle without morality and rationality would be also a vacant idealism, it would be inevitable for both BushiYi and XiangshuYi to pursue the moral and rational principle. For that reason, Zhu Xi tried to strengthen rationality of the Book of Changes in accordance with the logic of the Bushi by adopting mathematical precision, and it successfully served as a stepping stone for the world full of morality. Furthermore, this let Zhu Xi aim the world of m(orality beyond the understanding the divination and enabled him to establish Neo-Confucianism from his standpoint of the Book of Changes. Finally, the key to approach the true quality of Zhu Xi`s the Book of the Changes would be to figure out the core part of his study which is to combine the morality and rationality with the image and number based upon the BushiYixue(卜筮易學).

전문직종사자 전속계약의 효력

장재현,권기덕 慶北大學校 法學硏究所 2005 법학논고 Vol.23 No.-

The purposes of the exclusive contracts in entertainment industries are divided into two forms. Through the exclusive contracts, the company will possess star-talents and pre-star-talents, who will achieve their own success in social and economic field... and so on. The meaning of the exclusive contracts tells the characteristics of exclusive contracts. It also says that the hunting and poaching of entertainments companies are very excessive. The terms of contracts can be how to prevent other companies from hunting talents of theirs. The possessions of star-talents in entertainment industries are very important for the success of their programs and the future of companies. So the owners of entertainment companies can't help doing their best so as to possess star talents and pre-star talents. Exclusive contracts in entertainment industries must be formed more exactly and more strictly enforced. If they are disobeyed, the punishment of them are severe, too. Exclusive contracts have been developed with entertainment industries, Hollywood star system which has changed from studio system to Agency, from agency to management system explains the causes of several issues of exclusive contracts; poaching star-talents and keeping star-talents, giant company's excessive possession of star talent and the disorganization of star system. We can compare the issues of our entertainment contracts with the causes and problems of changes in Hollywood star-systems. And we can establish the standards of formation, enforcement, effect of exclusive contracts through the examples of American entertainment contracts. If it is formed through reasonable steps and in social and general principles, and is not illegal, the contracts can have the enforcible power according to it's own characteristics, whether it is expressive contracts or implied contracts. Though they had better be contracted in written terms, parol contracts also can be enforcible and effective. Exclusive contracts in entertainment industries have several distinctions which have engagements, undertaking, trust or delegation. So they are interpreted according to these characteristics.

Effect of Carrageenan on the Tendon of Skeletal Muscle of the Rat

Gi-Youn Hong,Seung-Taeck Park,Seung-Joo Jekal,Kang-Chang Lee 대한의생명과학회 2004 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.10 No.3

The aim of present study was to examine the effect of carrageenan on the tendon of skeletal muscle of rat. The tendon damage was induced by injection of carrageenan into skeletal hind muscle of rats. Rats were killed on 48 hours after carrageenan injection. The resulting tendons were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF), dehydrated, embedded, sectioned by 4 ㎛, and stained by phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) or hematoxylin-eosin (H-E). Carrageenan induced the segregation of tendon fibers, intratendinous cleft, segregation of muscle cell group, wave arrangement of tendon fiber. The results suggest that carrageenan induced tendon damage of rat's skeletal muscle by morphological changes.

Clinical characteristics of green nail syndrome: A retrospective analysis

( Gi-wook Lee ),( Dae-lyong Ha ),( Jin-hwa Son ),( Jung-soo Lee ),( Kihyuk Shin ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2020 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.72 No.1

Background: Green nail syndrome (GNS) is an infectious disease developing greenish discoloration of the nail with accompanying nail disorder such as onycholysis and paronychia. However the data about its clinical characteristics and treatment response has been limited. Objectives: To investigate the clinical characteristics of green nail syndrome in Korean patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records and clinical photos of 80 patients with 96 GNS lesions who diagnosed with GNS in the Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from 2009 through 2020. Results: 52 patients (65%) had risk factors for GNS include frequent wet conditions, immunosuppressive conditions, and trauma. Involvement of the thumbnail or great toenail was found in 62 lesions (64.6%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected on 23 nails (48.9%) among 47 nails showing positive bacterial culture, and fungal infection was found on 19 nails (19.7%). Several treatments including bleaching and drying nail, topical antibiotics, topical antifungals, and surgical avulsion were tried. And there were some differences of therapeutic responses according to the selected treatment modalities. Bleaching and drying showed better effect on color changes of nail, while topical antibiotics and antifungal cream showed better effect on preventing spreading. Conclusion: The result of this study could be helpful for dermatologists when encountering patients with greenish nail change.

Effect of Carrageenan on the Tendon of Skeletal Muscle of the Rat

Hong, Gi-Youn,Park, Seung-Taeck,Jekal, Seung-Joo,Lee, Kang-Chang THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 2004 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.10 No.3

The aim of present study was to examine the effect of carrageenan on the tendon of skeletal muscle of rat. The tendon damage was induced by injection of carrageenan into skeletal hind muscle of rats. Rats were lulled on 48 hours after carrageenan injection. The resulting tendons were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF), dehydrated, embedded, sectioned by 4 μm, and stained by phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) or hematoxylin-eosin (H-E). Carrageenan induced the segregation of tendon fibers, intratendinous cleft, segregation of muscle cell group, wave arrangement of tendon fiber. The results suggest that carrageenan induced tendon damage of rat's skeletal muscle by morphological changes.

레스토랑의 고객만족과 재방문의사에 영향을 주는 선택속성에 관한 연구

이창기(Chang Gi Yi),권영린(Young Lin Kwon) 한국호텔관광학회 2001 호텔관광연구 Vol.3 No.3

The purpose of this study is not only to establish a kind of useful operation material for the Fusion Restaurants but also to suggest a further improvement for its field. The fusion restaurant is understood through the selection attributes of fusion restaurants made by some previous studies and case studies of the restaurants in the country based on the customers--oriented service looked in terms of restaurant owners. Lightening up the relation of the selection-attributes of fusion restaurant, the diversity and variety of customer`s taste could be recognized. The followings are some points deserve our attention through the study. First, considering from the point of the view that the perception of customers and future customers for fusion restaurant is 82%, even though the fusion restaurant started to be popular from the late 1990, it seems to be accomplished very highly in short period. It means that customers reflect very sensitively on new changes and are highly interested in new changes. Therefore it is the right time for various marketing promotions to switch the potential customers to actual customers. Second, compared to other existed family restaurants, selection-attributes for fusion restaurant shows that `experience of unique food` and `attractiveness of interior` are important. It suggests that customers are eager to experience new culture. So unprecedented promotion will help to increase customers. Third, main customers are shown to range from the late 20s to the middle 30s that is higher than that of family restaurant with professional job. It says that present young generations aged between 20s and 30s prefer to have special new experiences of different kinds of food culture and like to form a new cultural circumstance unlike the past time. From this point of view that they spend 30,000-50,000 won a time and enjoy once or twice a month as average, that there is a tendency could be backed up. Fourth, the average marks of 26 variables among the selection-attributes are shown mostly high and play important role in choosing the fusion restaurant. Especially cleanness, uniqueness, hygiene, sanitation, and fresh atmosphere should be considered all the time. Finally, what could be estimated is that customers strongly desire to try special food and to search for new things which they have never experienced in the regular family restaurant. This is the main reason for visiting fusion restaurant. Therefore the way to go for the future business of fusion restaurant is to make an effort for transformation that will be satisfied with new generations who want to preoccupy the special experience as well as to train and foster the competent cooks with decreasing their labor cost and developing the menu. This study was made in the basis of customers of fusion restaurant for the selection-attributes and satisfaction but some limitation were existed. First, as there were few previous studies for the selection-attributes of fusion restaurant, this study based on hotel restaurant, family restaurant and fast-food restaurant was not desirably examined. Second, data for the analysis of present situation of fusion restaurant were not sufficiently collected due to the lack of participating of the restaurants. Hopefully hereafter, further studies would be fulfilled and helpful for establishing possible marketing strategies supplementing the above mentioned limitations and deficiencies with executing compared analysis between fusion restaurant and family restaurant.

만성 췌장염의 임상적 연구

김창덕,현진해,정문기 대한소화기학회 1998 대한소화기학회지 Vol.30 No.2

Background/Aims: Chronic pancreatitis is a chronic inflammatory process leading to destruction of exocrine tissue, fibrosis, and in some patients, loss of endocrine tissue. A multiplicity of causes may lead to chronic pancreatitis; however, chronic alcohol abuse appears to be the etiologic basis in 70-80% of adult patients. As the problem of chronic alcoholism has grown in the our country, the prevalence of chronic pancreatitis is increasing. However, few reliable studies have been performed concerning the clinical features of chronic pancreatitis in Korea. So we investigate the clinical characteristics and diagnostic accuracy of imaging studies in chronic pancreatitis. Methods: We analyzed the 91 patients with chronic pancreatitis who were diagnosed and managed at Anam Hospital, Korea University in Seoul frorn January 1988 to December 199i. Results: The sex incidence showed male predominance with a male to female ratio of 4.7:1 and peak age groups were 5th and 6th decades. Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis was chronic alcohol consumption(54.9%), and the other causes were biliary disease, anomaly of the pancreas, hyperlipidemia, and hyperparathyroidism. Cause was not identified in 20.9% of patients. Most of patients complaints abdominal pain(91%), and other eomplaints were indigestion(73.6%), weight loss (39.6%), jaundice(13.2%) or diarrhea(8.8%). Elevated serum amylase and fasting sugar level were shown in 39.6% and 29.7% of patients respectively. Sensitivity of abdorninal sonogram, CT scan, and ERCP were 59%, 78% and 89% in diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis respectively. CT scan was supetior to other methods in detection of pancreatic calcification and smail cystic lesions, and ERCP was superior to others in detection of minor ductal change. Twenty-one cases were accompanied by complications such as pseudocysts, biliary stenosis, duodenal obstruction, splenic vein thrombosis & pseudoaneurysm. Endoscopic treatment was given in 12 cases and surgical operation was performed in 19 cases due to complicaiton. Conclusions: Chronic alcohol comsumption is a major cause of chronic pancreatitis. CT and ERCP are essential diagnostic tool in evaluating morphological changes of chronic pancreatitis.

Effect of Carrageenan on the Tendon of Skeletal Muscle of the Rat

Hong Gi-Youn,Park Seung-Taeck,Jekal Seung-Joo,Lee Kang-Chang 대한의생명과학회 2004 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.10 No.3

The aim of present study was to examine the effect of carrageenan on the tendon of skeletal muscle of rat. The tendon damage was induced by injection of carrageenan into skeletal hind muscle of rats. Rats were killed on 48 hours after carrageenan injection. The resulting tendons were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF), dehydrated, embedded, sectioned by 4 μm, and stained by phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) or hematoxylin-eosin (H-E). Carrageenan induced the segregation of tendon fibers, intratendinous cleft, segregation of muscle cell group, wave arrangement of tendon fiber. The results suggest that carrageenan induced tendon damage of rat's skeletal muscle by morphological changes.

호텔企業의 經營戰略에 관한 硏究

李昌基 경주대학교 1994 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

The lodging industry can be thought of as a hostile marketing environment, a fragmented market characterized by low shares and many operators. Lodging chains have been in existence for more than 50 years, yet the industry is not dominated by just a few companies. The top 25 hotel chains still account for only 47 percent of the total U.S lodging supply. The largest single operator in the industry, Holiday corporation, ownd just 2 percent of the total room supply in 1984, and even with its franchised inns represented only 11 percent of the U.S. lodging supply. Occupancy rates have not risen in recent years, but most lodging organizations have continued to develop new hotels at a steady pace. In such a competitive environment, it is essential that lodging companies carefully pick an appropriate market strategy and match that strategy with an organizational structure that allows the company to fulfill its goals. In this article, the author uses examples from several hotel companies to show the importance of the matching organizational structure, competitive strategy, and marketing environment. If tight control is the organization's market strategy, then the top managers should limit the exercise of discretion by subordinates(perhaps by creating strict job specification) and hold most of the desicion-making authority in their hands(by requiring unit managers to refer all but the most routine mattes to higher levels). On the other hand, an organization that seeks to exploit new markets might assign lower managers "fuzzy" responsibilities ad give them wide desicion-making scope so that they quickly take advantage of market changes. The choice of strategy and structure is not a one time event, because the market environment is dynamic. Therefore, lodging organizations must continuously engage in matching their competitive strategies and organizational structures to the product and market environment. As the market changes, management must review the question of exactly how to the serve the market. Then management must adjust its competitive strategy to the new market situation and make sure its organizational structure ad processes ft the strategy.

농촌지역 여성고령자의 현미덤벨체조가 체조성, 체력 및 식습관에 미치는 영향

이기철 ( Lee Gi Cheol ),정창주 ( Jeong Chang Ju ),손기수 ( Son Gi Su ),우임수 ( U Im Su ),이원경 ( Lee Won Gyeong ),공무현 ( Gong Mu Hyeon ),이수천 ( Lee Su Cheon ) 한국운동영양학회 2003 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.7 No.2

The present study evaluated the possibility of dumbbell exercise as to improve the physical fitness and the health starus of old people in rural area. Although eighty seven volunteers of old women (over 64) living in Seonsan, Gumi city were subjected, twenty of them were attended the whole program for 6 months and the data from the twenty was analysed in this study. The results were drawn out from comparison of the body constitutuion, the physical strength, the medical aspectrs, and the questionaires of before and after this program. They showed increased physical fithess tested by grip strength (left), bar gripping reaction time, standing trunk flexibility, on foot standing test through dumbbell exercise for 6 months. Questionaire revealed the betterment of dietary pattem during this program. In the light of in these results, it is possible to conclude that dumbbell exercise had improved the basic physical condition and the health status through the increasement of physical fitness and dietary pattem change. Therefore, dumbbell exercise would be a useful program for the old people in reual area to improved their health status.