Skin entrance dose for digital and film radiography in Korean dental schools

Cho, Eun-Sang,Choi, Kun-Ho,Kim, Min-Gyu,Lim, Hoi-Jeong,Yoon, Suk-Ja,,Kang, Byung-Cheol 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2005 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.35 No.4

Purpose : This study was aimed to compare skin entrance dose of digital radiography with that of film radiography and to show the dose reduction achievement with digital systems at 11 dental schools in Korea. Materials and Methods : Forty six intraoral radiographic systems in 11 dental schools were included in this study. Digital sensors were used in 33 systems and film was used in 13 systems. Researchers and the volunteer visited 11 dental schools in Korea. Researchers asked the radiologic technician (s) at each school to set the exposure parameters and aiming the x-ray tube for the periapical view of the mandibular molar of the volunteer. The skin entrance doses were measured at the same exposure parameters and distance by the technician for each system with a dosimeter (Multi-O-Meter : Unfors instruments, Billdal, Sweden). Results : The median dose was 491.2 μGy for digital radiography and 1,205.0 μGy for film radiography. The skin entrance dose digital radiography was significantly lower than that of film radiography (p<0.05). Conclusion : Fifty-nine percent skin entrance dose reduction with digital periapical radiography was achieved over the film radiography in Korean dental schools.

Adipose sirtuin 6 drives macrophage polarization toward M2 through IL-4 production and maintains systemic insulin sensitivity in mice and humans

Song, Mi-Young,Kim, Sang Hoon,Ryoo, Ga-Hee,Kim, Mi-Kyung,Cha, Hye-Na,Park, So-Young,Hwang, Hong Pil,Yu, Hee Chul,Bae, Eun Ju,Park, Byung-Hyun Nature Publishing Group UK 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.5

<▼1><P>Adipose tissue inflammation is a reproducible feature of obesity and obesity-linked insulin resistance. Although sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) deficiency has previously been implicated in diet-induced obesity and systemic insulin resistance, the adipocyte-specific role of Sirt6 in the regulation of adipose tissue inflammation and systemic metabolic dysfunction in mice fed normal chow and in humans remains elusive. Here, using <I>Adipoq-Cre</I>-mediated adipocyte-specific Sirt6 knockout (aS6KO) mice, we explored whether adipocyte Sirt6 inhibits adipose tissue inflammation and its underlying mechanism. aS6KO mice fed normal chow gained more body weight and fat mass than wild-type mice and exhibited glucose intolerance and systemic insulin resistance. Measurement of plasma and tissue cytokines and flow cytometric analysis of adipose stromal vascular cells indicated a decrease in alternatively activated M2 macrophages in the adipose tissue of aS6KO mice. Mechanistically, Sirt6 regulated the expression of the canonical type 2 cytokine IL-4 by adipocytes in a cell autonomous manner, which in turn affects M2 macrophage polarization. Consistent with animal experimental data, the degree of obesity and insulin resistance demonstrated by the body mass index, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c correlated negatively with the expression of Sirt6 in human visceral fat tissues. Collectively, these results suggest that adipocyte Sirt6 regulates body weight gain and insulin sensitivity independent of diet, and the increased IL-4 production by Sirt6 and resultant M2 polarization of adipose tissue macrophages may attenuate proinflammatory responses in adipose tissue.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Obesity and diabetes: A control protein in fat</B></P><P>A protein in adipose tissue (composed of fat cells) helps protect against inflammation and the development of resistance to insulin that develops in obesity and can lead to type 2 diabetes. Researchers in South Korea, led by Eun Ju Bae at Woosuk University, Wanju, and Byung-Hyun Park at Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, investigated the role of Sirt6 in mice and in human adipose tissue. Deleting the mouse gene that codes for Sirt6 in adipocytes promoted the impaired response to insulin and associated increase in blood glucose levels that are two key aspects of diabetes. Changes in biochemical signaling pathways controlling immune cells called macrophages were implicated in these effects and suggest an anti-inflammatory role for Sirt6. Analysis of human adipose tissue supported these findings. The research will help understand how obesity promotes type 2 diabetes.</P></▼2>

Silaethene CL₂Si=CHCH₂?Bu의 엔반응 : Unsaturated Compounds of 14Group Elements(Ⅸ)

김정균,박은미,구미영,박경래,손병영 東亞大學校 大學院 1992 大學院論文集 Vol.17 No.-

Silaethene Cl₂Si=CHCH₂?Bu 1, generated as a reaction intermediate by the thermal elimination of LiX from Cl₃SiCHLiCH₂?Bu 2, combines with ene-component containing compounds(propene, 2-methylpropene, DMB) to give 40∼90% yield ene-products. They can be isolated and spectroscopic identified.

통의동의 공간구조와 계획방향에 관한 연구

김은미,문병국 순천향대학교 산업기술연구소 2007 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.13 No.2

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외국인 이주자의 기본활동 공간에서의 일상생활과 사회적 관계

최병두,박은경 대구대학교 다문화사회정책연구소 2012 현대사회와 다문화 Vol.2 No.1

외국인 이주자들은 경제의 세계화와 교통통신기술의 발달과 같은 거시적 배경 하에서 국제이주를 행하지만, 또한 동시에 자신들이 추구하는 주요한 목적을 실현시키기 위해 수행한다고 할 수 있다. 특히 후자의 입장에서 외국인 이주자들은 자신의 이주 목적을 실현시키기 위해 활동하는 공간, 즉 기본활동 공간에서의 생활과 사회적 관계에 매우 민감할 것으로 간주된다. 이 논문은 외국인 이주자들이 유형별로 이러한 기본활동 공간(즉 결혼이주자의 가정, 단순 및 전문직 이주노동자의 직장, 그리고 외국인 유학생의 학교)에서 어떻게 생활(특히 만족)하는가, 어떻게 사회적 관계를 형성하는가를 설문조사 및 심층면적을 통해 수집된 자료를 분석하고자 한다. 분석 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 결혼이주자의 가정생활은 의사소통, 집안일 처리, 가족생활 문화 적응, 가족생활 전반에 대한 적응에 대해서는 ‘보 통’(5점 척도값, 3) 이상의 만족도를 보였으나, 자녀 양육이 가장 큰 어려움으로 지적되었다. 둘째, 이주노동자의 직장생활은 희망직종, 적정한 업무량, 충분한 임금, 직장 유지 등의 활동에서 ‘보통’ 이상의 만족도를 보였지만, 실제 장시간 노동이 많 았고, 이직 욕구도 강한 것으로 조사되었다. 셋째, 전문직 이주자의 직장 생활은 시설의 편리성, 복지제도, 업무시간 및 업무량, 임금, 업무수행능력 등의 사항에서 ‘대체로 만족’(3.5점) 이상의 만족도를 보였으며, 사회적 관계도 대체로 원활한 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 외국인 유학생의 대학생활은 대학 내 행정기관 및 편의시설, 장학 및 지원제도, 수업 및 학업, 한국어 교육지원, 기숙사 수용, 교우관계 등에서 ‘보통’이상의 만족도를 보였지만, 의사소통과 외국인 배려 부족 등을 어려움 문제로 지적 했고, 또한 일상적으로나 어려움에 봉착한 상황에서 한국인보다 본국인 친구들과 더 밀접한 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. Foreign immigrants have carried out their international migration under a structural and global context of economic globalization and disparity between countreis, and of development of transportation and communication technology, but at the same time they have done such a career activity in order to realize their life-long aims. And hence, they are very keen to daily activities(and satisfaction) and social relationship in what can be called ‘basic activity spaces’ where they try to realize their aims of international migration: home space for marriage immigrants, workplace for simple or professional immigrant workers, and university campus for foreign students. This paper is to understand foreign immigrants’ daily activities and social relationship in such a basic space, analyzing data collected through questionnaire and in-depth interviews

오차드그래스(Dactylis glomerata L.)의 품종에 따른 종자유래의 캘러스 형성률과, 캘러스 크기 및 식물체 재분화 효율의 비교

배은경,이인애,김기용,이병현,손대영,이효신,정민섭,조진기 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2002 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2002 No.-

Comparison results of callus formation ratio from seed explants, callus sizes, regeneration ratios from callus and regeneration efficiency [calculated by following formular; callus formation ratio(%) × regeneration ratio(%)/100]for 27 ochardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)varieties imported and Hapsung 2 developed in Korea are as follows; 1. Among ochardgrass varieties showing more than 50% callus formation ratios, the descending order of callus formation ratio after bedding the seed explants for 4 weeks was 93>Sparta>Pizza>Condor>Lidaglo>Glorus>Hapsung2>Frode. 2. The callus sizes after bedding for 4 weeks were in the range of φ 0.43cm~4.2cm in which there was 10 times size difference between the largest one and the smallest one but most of them were between φ2.5cm~4cm. 3. The regeneration ratio from callus among varieties were in the range of 0~36% and descending order of the upper 6 varieties was Plano>Akimidori>Justus>Lidacta>Currie>Hall mark. 4. The regeneration efficiency which is calculated by the ratios of regeneration from seed explant numbers was between 0 to 17.4% among which Justus showed the highest value in the 4-week treatment. 5. The correlation between callus formation ratios and the callus sizes, callus formation ratios and regeneration efficiency, and callus sizes and regeneration efficiency were r=0.5765, r=0.6365 and r=0.6246, respectively in 4-week callus and all the correlations were significant on the 1% level. 6. In 6-week callus, the descending order callus formation ratios from seed sxplants for the best 6 varieties was Condor>Sparta>93M>Justus>Potomac>Lidaglo>Frode. 7. The callus sizes formed were between φ1.5~5.7cm in which Sparta, the largest one of φ5.7cm was five times larger than the smallest one. The callus size of the control variety. Hapsung 2 was φ3.8cm, which belonged to larger size. 8. Regeneration ratio showed a great deviation among varieties from 6-week old calli by showing from 0% to 100% in which all the calli were regenerated in Plano while no callus was regenerated in Juno, 9. The range of regeneration effciency was between 0~28% among varieties in which the values from 6-week callus treatment were larger than those from 4-week callus treatment. Especially, the value of Potomac in 6-week was 3 times larger than that in 4-week. 10. The correlation between callus formation ratios and the callus sizes, callus formation ratios and regeneration efficiency, and callus sizes and regeneration effciency were r=0.8369, r=0.6683 and r=0.5937, respectively in 6-week callus, and all the correlations were significant on the 1% level.

전단철근에 의한 휨 구속 효과

김병호,은희창,서일교 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 2001 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.12 No.1

The objective of this study is to present a design method of over-reinforced concrete beam confined by shear reinforcements. Fourteen reinforced concrete beams were tested with the variables of the amount of longitudinal bars. the spacing of shear reinforcements. and the shear-span ratio. It was observed that the confinement of core concrete by shear reinforcements led to the enhanced flexural capacity and ductility. Comparing the experimental and analytical results and grasping the confinement effects of shear reinforcements. this paper illustrated the validity of designing over-reinforced concrete beam.

일 권역응급의료센터에 내원한 노인환자의 중증도

이병옥,신은주 노인간호학회 2008 노인간호학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide both efficient management and counterplans for emergency medical center (EMC) by analyzing the severity and emergency grade of elders in the hospital and to utilize the results as a clinical nursing service strategy as well Method: The survey included medical records of senior patients who used the hospital EMC during 2005. and used the analysis instrument by Lee(1998)'s Triage Results: There were 5.432 patients averaging 73.6 years old According to severity 45.3% were Semi- emergent 39.9% emergent 11.7% non-emergent and 3.1% urgent patients The urgent and emergent patients generally came to the hospital EMC between 6 am and 6 pm and on Saturday thiough Monday Hospital stay for 38.7% of patients was under 6 hours. Conclusion: It is necessary to relocate nursing personnel and other support persons at times of peak use of emergency facilities by elderly patients Overflow of elderly patients in the emergency center and improper treatment could be prevented through triage with an instrument for severity classification.

사회복지시설의 사회화에 관한 이론적 고찰

곽병은 가톨릭대학교 사회복지연구소 2004 사회복지리뷰 Vol.9 No.-

수직하중이 작용하는 등단면 I-형 연속곡선보의 근사해석에 관한 연구

장병순,류은열,백 빈 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.53 No.-

곡선형교의 해석은 휨비틂 이론에 의하는 것이 일반적이지만, 해석 절차나 설계가 상당히 복잡하고 어렵다. 현재 우리나라의 도로교 표준시방서에는 곡선형교의 반지름이 200m이상이고, 교각(交角) 30도 정도인 곡선박스 거더교에 대해서 곡선장을 지간으로 하는 직선교로 치환해서 해석해도 좋다고 명시해 놓고 있다. 본 연구에서는 I형 단면을 가지는 연속 곡선보의 응력을 곡선장과 동일한 지간을 가지는 I형 연속 직선보의 응력으로 근사적으로 계산하는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 등단면 I형 연속 곡선보의 해석시 재하 하중 및 곡률 변화에 따른 최대 휨모멘트, 최대 순수 비틂모멘트, 최대 ��비틂모멘트, 최대 바이모멘트의 크기를 유한차분법으로 구하고, 곡선장과 동일한 지간을 가지고 동일한 하중재하로 등단면 I형 연속 직선보의 최대 휨모멘트의 크기를 구한다. 곡선보와 직선보의 해석결과를 이용하여 곡선 반경 변화에 따른 곡선보와 직선보의 최대 휨모멘트의 비를 산정하였다. The general behavior of curved I-shaped girder including the warping effects can be presented as the series of differential equations developed by Vlasov. In this paper, the finite difference method based on these equations was used for the analysis of the stress resultants from the curved I-shaped girder, such as shear force, bending moment, pure torsion, warping torsion, and bimoment. Besides, the program computerized by this method was much available to calculate the values of these resultants and develop the influence lines for the continuous curved I-shaped girder with 3 spans which was subjected to an unit vertical load. Finally, the ratios related to the maximum bending moments which were obtained from the analysis for both the curved beam and the straight beam at the each point given were produced and the influence lines were evaluated as well. Therefore, the maximum bending moment ratios and the influence lines for bending moment can help to estimate the general behavior of the continuous I-shaped girder curved beam as well as to design this structure.