추출방법에 따른 금속광산 주변의 토양오염 특성

양중석,이주영,박영태,백기태,최재영,Yang, Jung-Seok,Lee, Ju-Young,Park, Young-Tae,Baek, Ki-Tae,Choi, Jae-Young 한국지하수토양환경학회 2010 지하수토양환경 Vol.15 No.3

This study investigated the change of metal contamination levels according to amendment of enforcement regulation of the Soil Environmental Conservation Act in Korea. As an analytical result of 87 samples in abandoned metallic mine area, the extracted amount of As, Pb and Cu with aqua regia was 4.3~29.6 times higher than that with hydrochloric acid extraction and the number of samples, which contamination levels were found to exceed soil contamination standards, was also increased. On the other hand, in case of Cd, Zn, and Ni, the number of samples, which contamination levels were found to exceed soil contamination standards, was decreased or similar. These results can be used as a preliminary material in comparison between the soil pollution data accumulated previously and the data obtained by the revised standard method for the examination of soil pollution.

디젤 오염 토양 세척시 계면활성제 종류의 영향

양중석,이유진,김성혜,신현재,양지원,Yang, Jung-Seok,Lee, You-Jin,Kim, Seong-Hye,Shin, Hyun-Jae,Yang, Ji-Won 한국지하수토양환경학회 2008 지하수토양환경 Vol.13 No.3

디젤로 오염된 토양을 효과적으로 정화하기 위해 계면활성제의 종류와 음이온성-비이온성 혼합 계면활성제의 비율에 따른 디젤 제거효율을 살펴보았다. 회분식 실험결과 비이온성 계면활성제의 HLB가 12-13 사이의 값을 갖는 경우 가장 좋은 제거 효능을 보였으며, 사용된 계면활성제 중에서는 Tergitol 15-S-7 (T15S7)이 20 g/L의 농도에서 79-88%의 가장 높은 디젤 제거능을 보였다. 음이온성 계면활성제는 대체로 비이온성 계면활성제에 비해 디젤 제거능력이 떨어졌다. 비이온성과 음이온성 혼합 계면활성제를 사용하였을 경우 디젤의 제거효율은 비이온성 계면활성제의 양에 따라 증가하였으며, T15S7 : SDS가 3 : 1의 비율로 혼합된 10 g/L의 계면활성제가 단일 계면활성제에 비해 상승된 76%의 디젤 제거율을 보였다. 이러한 연구결과는 현장 디젤 오염토양 복원시 적절한 계면활성제 선정의 기준을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. The effects of surfactant types and the ratio of nonionic and anionic surfactants on the washing of diesel contaminated soil were investigated. In batch tests, the nonionic surfactant, which has HLB within 12-13, showed a high diesel removal efficiency and Tergitol 15-S-7 (T15S7) with 20 g/L concentration exhibited the highest removal efficiency of 79-88% among the tested nonionic surfactants. Anionic surfactants, in general, showed lower removal efficiency than nonionic surfactants. In case of mixed surfactant system, the removal efficiency increased with nonionic surfactant concentration. With mixed surfactants of T15S7 and SDS as 3 : 1 ratio, diesel removal was enhanced to 76% with 10 g/L of the mixed surfactants. These results could be used in the selection of proper surfactants for remediation of diesel contaminated soils.

토양지하수 미세환경과 오염정화효율과의 상관성 고찰

심무준,양중석,이미정,이기현,박재선,김국진,민상윤,김주영,최민주,김민찬,임종환,권만재,Shim, Moo Joon,Yang, Jung-Seok,Lee, Mi Jung,Lee, Giehyeon,Park, Jae Seon,Kim, Guk Jin,Min, Sang Yoon,Kim, Joo Young,Choi, Min Joo,Kim, Min Chan,Lim, Jon 한국지하수토양환경학회 2014 지하수토양환경 Vol.19 No.1

산업화의 영향으로 발생한 토양 지하수 내 중금속 및 유류 오염정화를 위해 다양한 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 미세토양이 상대적으로 많이 포함되어 있는 오염토양 정화시 오염물질의 rebound나 tailing 현상이 발생되어 정화기간이 장기화 되어왔다. 이러한 문제점은 미세토양과 미세공극이 존재하는 미세환경과 오염물질의 각각의 특성, 존재형태, 그리고 상호간의 다양한 반응 등으로부터 기인한다고 보고되었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 토양 지하수 미세환경과 오염정화 효율성과의 상관성에 대해 고찰하고 미세환경의 샘플링, 분석, 평가 기법을 소개 및 제안하며, 이를 활용한 오염정화효율 향상과 최적의 정화공법선정을 위한 정보를 제공하고자 하였다. 오염토양의 물리 화학 생물학적 특성 그리고 오염물질 종류 및 특성에 따른 정밀 평가를 통해 특정 정화공법 적용시 달성 가능한 정화기간과 정화수준을 예상할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서, 미세환경의 정밀 분석, 평가 기술을 바탕으로 정화 기술의 효율성과 타당성 검토가 가능할 것으로 판단되며 오염된 토양 지하수 복원을 위한 최적의 정화공법을 선정하는 기초자료로써 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. A variety of physical, chemical, and microbiological techniques have been developed to deal with soil and groundwater contamination. However, in the presence of the large portion of soil micro-environments, contaminant rebound and/or tailing have been frequently reported. Case study of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) removal by full-scale land farming showed that contaminant rebound and/or tailing occurred in 9 out of total 21 cases and subsequently resulted in problems of a long term operation to satisfy TPH guidelines of contaminated soil and groundwater. The main cause of contaminant rebound and tailing is considered to be the strong interactions between contaminants and micro-environments including micro-particles, micro-pores, and organic matter. Thus, this study reviewed the effects of soil micro-environments of soil and groundwater on the removal efficiency for both heavy metals and petroleum contaminants. In addition, the various methods of sampling, analysis, and assessment of soil micro-environments were evaluated. Thorough understanding of the effects of soil micro-environments on contaminant removal will be essential to achieve a cost-effective and efficient solution to contaminated sites.

A Strategic Plan and Management for Ecological Abandoned Mine Land (AML) Reuse Using GIS

이주영,한무영,양중석,최재영,Lee, Ju-Young,Han, Moo-Young,Yang, Jung-Seok,Choi, Jae-Young Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment 2008 지하수토양환경 Vol.13 No.5

폐광지역은 경제적 측면에서 낙후된 지역이며, 무엇보다도 폐광개발로 인한 주변생태계 파괴는 우려할만한 수준에 이르고 있다. 폐광산은 지형적인 관점에서 접근성이 용이하지 않으며 그곳에서 유출되는 폐광배수는 하천과 지하수로 유입되어서 지역 주민들 건강에 위협을 주고 있는 실정이다. 특히 강원도 일부 지역에서는 이러한 현상으로 지역주민들이 고통을 겪고 있으며 무엇보다도 폐광후의 경제적 낙후현상이 심해지고 있는 실정이다. 기술적인 폐광지역 복원은 이미 많은 기술보고서와 논문을 통해 알려져 있다. 하지만 많은 기술적인 노하우가 축적되어 있어도 계획단계와 관리단계가 제대로 되지 않으면 경제적 손실 뿐만 아니라 지역주민의 불만을 오히려 유발시킬 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 폐광지역의 생태학적 재이용 측면을 고려하여 효율적인 계획과 관리 모델을 제시하고자 한다. 특히 지형정보시스템(Geographic Information System)의 정책결정단계에 적용함으로써 경제적 가치, 환경적 가치 그리고 공익적 가치 창출에 크게 이바지 할 수 있다. Plan and management for Ecological Abandoned Mine Lands (AMLs) reuse using Geographic Information System (GIS) technique are an ideal method. GIS technique display, manage and analyze a spatially referenced data, which can be combined in user-defined ways to make plan and decision about AMLs reuse. Local communities are affected by AMLs. In the past, plan and management of AMLs have never been considered for ecological aspects as well as using GIS. However, the rapidly growing GIS technology have proven to be a valuable tool in the process of understanding environment and of making responsible environmental decisions. This paper suggests that making responsible decision and plan using GIS can create a various types of benefits to local communities. This also shows that GIS may play a vital role at the decision/planning process of analysis and exploration of local environmental situation. We are trying to apply to decision support system for AMLs reuse. Moreover, a lot of thematic maps are making using GIS providing a comprehensive data with images. These can be an ideal platform to deliver meaningful outcomes.

염류집적 농경지의 전기동력학적 정화

조성웅,김도형,양중석,정근욱,백기태,Jo, Sung-Ung,Kim, Do-Hyung,Yang, Jung-Seok,Chung, Keun-Yook,Baek, Ki-Tae 한국지하수토양환경학회 2012 지하수토양환경 Vol.17 No.4

The influence of operation time on electrokinetic restoration was investigated to remove salts from sulfate-accumulated greenhouse soil. Operation time is directly related to the process cost, therefore, we determined the relationship between operation time and removal of salts. Nitrate and sodium were removed almost completely within 2 weeks, chloride and calcium was removed in proportion to the operation time. Sulfate was accumulated at the center of anode and cathode. The soil electrical conductivity (EC), an indicator for soil salinity, showed similar shape with the residual sulfate after electrokinetic treatment. The soil EC was not changed after 2 weeks, however, the energy consumption increased with operation time. Based on the experimental results, most salts except sulfate were removed within 2 weeks, but sulfate was not removed during same time period. For the further removal of sulfate, longer operation time is in need.

양이온-비이온 혼합계면활성제의 첨가가 영가철을 이용한 TCE환원에 미치는 영향

신민철,최현덕,양중석,백기태,Shin, Min-Chul,Choi, Hyun-Dock,Yang, Jung-Seok,Baek, Ki-Tae 한국지하수토양환경학회 2007 지하수토양환경 Vol.12 No.6

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a representative dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) and has contaminated substance environments including soil and groundwater due to leakage and careless. DNPAL, has been treated by surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR). After application of SEAR, groundwater contains still surfactant as well as little amount of residual TCE. Permeable reactive barrier using zero-valent iron (ZW) is a very effective technology to treat the residual TCE in groundwater. In this study, the effect of the residual surfactant on the reductive dechlorination of residual TCE was investigated using ZVI. Mixed surfactant composed of nonioinic surfactant and cationic surfactant was used as a residual surfactant because of toxicity and enhancement of dechlorination rate. Structure of surfactant affected significantly the decrhlorination rate of TCE. Mixed surfactant system with relatively short polyethylene oxide (PEO) chain in nonionic surfactant, cationic surfactant did not affect TCE dechlorination rate. However, mixed surfactant system with relatively long PEO chain in nonionic surfactant shows that TCE dechlorination rate was significantly dependent on fraction of cationic surfactant and HLB of nonionic surfactant. Cationic surfactant with trimethyl ammonium group enhanced reductive dechlorination rate compared to that surfactant with pyridinium group. 트리클로로에틸렌(trichloroethyele, TCE)는 지하 환경으로 누출되었을 경우 대표적인 고밀도 불용성 유체(dense non aqueous phase liquids, DNAPLs)를 형성하여 토양과 지하수를 오염시키며, 계면활성제를 이용한 SEAR(Surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation) 공법으로 처리를 하여도 소량이 계면활성제와 함께 지하수에 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 SEAR공법으로 처리 후 잔존하는 TCE가 계면활성제와 함께 존재할 때, 영가철(zero valent iron, ZVI)로 이루어진 투수성 반응벽체(PRB)에서의 TCE 거동을 조사하였다. 특히 계면활성제의 독성과 반응속도의 영향을 고려하여 양이온과 비이온 혼합 계면활성제의 영향을 중점적으로 다루었다. 혼합 계면활성제를 사용할 경우 ZVI를 이용한 TCE의 분해는 계면활성제의 구조에 따라 상당히 다른 경향을 보였다. TCE의 제거율을 살펴보면 비이온 계면활성제의 친수성기인 polyoxyethylene(POE) 사슬이 짧을 경우 양이온 계면활성제와 상관없이 거의 일정하였고, 상대적으로 긴 POE사슬일 경우 양이온 계면활성제의 종류와 첨가량에 따라 차이가 발생하였다. 친수성기가 트리메틸암모늄 (trimethylammonium)인 양이온 계면활성제가 피리디늄(pyridinium)를 가지는 양이온 계면활성제보다 더 높은 TCE 제거율을 보였다. 이러한 연구결과는 SEAR 후처리를 위해 PRB 적용시 잔존하는 계면활성제의 영향을 살펴보았으며 실제 현장적용의 중요한 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

토양 세척법에 의한 유류오염 사질토양의 TPH 추출 효율 평가

이차돌,유종찬,양중석,공준,백기태,Lee, Cha-Dol,Yoo, Jong-Chan,Yang, Jung-Seok,Kong, Jun,Baek, Kitae 한국지하수토양환경학회 2013 지하수토양환경 Vol.18 No.7

The influences of various operating parameters on physico-chemical techniques were evaluated to remediate petroleum-contaminated sandy soil including S/L ratio, kinetic, and effect of soil particle size. The simple extraction using tap water removed only 20.6% of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), and addition of NaOH enhanced the removal of TPH to approximately 30%. To meet the regulation levels, a surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, was added, and the removal of TPH increased to 4 times. Probably, the carbonate minerals affected chemical aging and soprtion of petroleum, which inhibited the extraction of TPH. The soil with smaller particle size contained more TPH, and the removal of TPH was obstructed with smaller particle size. However, NaOH addition increased the removal of TPH in the smaller particles. The physico-chemical properties of soil influenced greatly the removal of petroleum even in sandy soil.

염산을 사용한 납 오염 토양의 토양 세척에 의한 정화

백기태,김도형,서창일,양중석,이재영,Baek, Ki-Tae,Kim, Do-Hyung,Seo, Chang-Il,Yang, Jung-Seok,Lee, Jae-Young 한국지하수토양환경학회 2007 지하수토양환경 Vol.12 No.3

납으로 오염된 실제 토양을 처리하기 위해 토양세척기술의 적용성을 평가하였다. 세척제로는 염산을 사용하였으며, 0.2 M 염산을 사용하여 고액비 1:3으로 하여 10분간 접촉하여 2회 세척하여준 결과 96%의 제거율을 보였다. 세척액과 토양의 접촉시간을 5분에서 120분까지 증가하였을 때, 제거효율은 69.3%에서 81.9%로 증가하였다. 입경별 토양세척 효율은 온도와 교반시간에 영향을 받았으며, 20분 이상 교반하여 준다면, 0.075 mm 이하, 0.075 mm-2.0 mm, 2.0-4.0 mm 의 입경별 토양에서는 모두 99%의 제거효율을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 본 연구에 사용된 납 오염 토양은 토양세척기술을 적용하여 효과적으로 처리할 수 있는 것을 의미한다. The feasibility of soil washing was investigated to remediate Pb-contaminated field soil. Hydrochloric acid was used as a washing agent. As mixing time increased from 5 min to 120 min, removal efficiency of Pb from contaminated soil increased from 69.3% to 81.9%. Two times washing with 0.2 M HCl showed 96% removal efficiency even at mixing time of 10 min. The Pb content in soil increased sharply as particle size of soil decreased, and removal efficiency was highly dependent on mixing time and temperature. Based on this result, acid washing technologies can be applied to remediate the Pb-contaminated soil used in this study.

전기동력학적 정화기술 적용을 위한 최적의 전해질 선택 및 전극간의 거리 평가

박근용,김우승,김도형,양중석,백기태,Park, Geun-Yong,Kim, Woo-Seung,Kim, Do-Hyung,Yang, Jung-Seok,Baek, Kitae 한국지하수토양환경학회 2013 지하수토양환경 Vol.18 No.1

The influence of processing fluids and electrode spacing on the electrokinetic process was evaluated to remediate As-, Cu-, Pb-contaminated soil. Single and mixture of sodium citrate, EDTA and NaOH was used to investigate the metal extraction. EDTA for washing reagent showed the highest removal efficiency. Based on the extraction result, the electrode spacing (20, 40, 60 cm) on the electrokinetic process was investigated to remove the multi-metals from soil. The highest removal was observed at the experiment with 60 cm of electrode spacing, however, the correlation between electrode spacing and removal of metals was not clear. The electrode spacing influenced the amount of accumulated electro-osmotic flow. BCR sequential extraction showed that electrokinetic process removed the fractionation of metals bound to Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide.

Characterization of Rainwater Quality for Rainwater Harvesting and Utilization strategies

이주영(Ju Young Lee),양중석(Jung-Seok Yang),최재영(Jaeyoung Choi),한무영(Mooyoung Han) 대한토목학회 2007 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.10