Identification of Alkalophilic Bacillus sp. S-1013 Producing Non-Cariogenicity Sugar Fuc($1{\to}4$)gaINAc($2{\to}6$)NeuAc and Optimization of Culture Condition for Its Production

류일환,김선숙,이갑상,이은숙,Ryu Il-Hwan,Kim Sun-Sook,Lee Kap-Sang,Lee Eun-Sook The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2006 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.34 No.3

비우식성 당 NCS(Fuc($1{\to}4$)galNAc($2{\to}6$)NeuAc)를 생산하는 미생물을 동정하고 이 미생물이 생산하는 비우식성 당의 생산조건을 최적화하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. NCS를 생산하는 균주는 형태학적, 생화학적, 화학분류학적 특성 및 16S-rRNA 염기서열 결정을 통하여 Bacillus sp. S-1013로 동정되었다. 또한, 이 균주에 의한 NCS의 최적 배지조성은 soluble starch 3.0%, dextrin 1.5%, yeast extract 0.5%, pepton 1.0%, $K_{2}HPO_4$ 0.2%였으며, 최적온도 및 pH는 각각 25와 11.0이였다. 최적배지에서 NCS 및 균체의 생산은 기본배지에 비해 각각 4.24배 및 2.67배 증가하였다. The study was performed to identification of producing microbe Non-Cariogenicity Sugar (NCS; Fuc($1{\to}4$) gaINAc($2{\to}6$)NeuAc) with anti-caries activity, and to optimization of production condition. A typical strain which produced the NCS was identified alkalophilic Bacillus sp. S-1013 through the results of morphological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics and 16S rDNA sequencing. The optimal medium composition for the maximal production of the NCS from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. S-1013 was as follow: soluble starch 30 g, dextrin 15 g, yeast extract 5 g, peptone 10 g, $K_{2}HPO_4$ 2 g in a liter of distilled water. Optimal temperature and pH were 25 and 11.0, respectively. The highest production of NCS was shown 60 hrs cultivation using the optimal medium, and then NCS productivity and dry cell weight of culture broth increased 4.24 and 2.67 time than initial medium, respectively.

Opuntia ficus-indica 다당 A-1의 특성 및 알코올유도 간 산화스트레스의 보호 효과

류일환,권지웅,이어진,윤용갑,권태오,Ryu, Il-Hwan,Kwon, Ji-Wung,Lee, Eoh-Jin,Yun, Young-Gab,Kwon, Tae-Oh 대한한의학방제학회 2009 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Reactive oxygen species(ROS) can induce hepatotoxicity and trigger apoptosis in the liver. In this study, we investigated the sulfated polysaccharide A-1 from Opuntia ficus-indica against alcoholic oxidative stress in human liver Hep G2 cell. An antioxidant substance A-1 obtained from the enzymatic extract of Opuntia ficus-indica fruit was purified by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange and sephadex G-100 gel permeation chromatography. The purification yield and molecular weight were 14.3% and 1.8 KDa, respectively. The A-1 predominately contained arabinose, galactose, rhamnose and also sulfate group. The structure of A-1 was investigated by periodate oxidation, FT-IR spectroscopy, $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy. The A-1 mainly composed of alternating unit of ${\rightarrow}4$)-$\alpha$-L- Rapp-2-$SO_3^-$-$\alpha$-L-Galp-($1{\rightarrow}$ and branched linkage of $\beta$-D-Arbp- ($5{\rightarrow}$. The antioxidative activity was measured using the SOD, CAT activity and GSH assay, respectively. The expression of Nrf2 protein was analyzed by western blotting. The viable cell count analyzed by autofluorescence. Oxidative stress induced by ethanol(1 M) were dramatically reduced by A-1 treatment. A-1 also prevented cell death induced by oxidative stress. It also increased expression Nrf2 protein level. We concluded that sulfated polysaccharide A-1 from Opuntia ficus-indica effectively protect Hep G2 liver cell from alcoholic oxidative stress.

미군정기 귀속농지 처리와 중앙토지행정처

류일환 ( Ryu Il-Hwan ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2021 民族文化硏究 Vol.93 No.-

미군정은 한국에서 농지개혁의 첫 단계로 귀속농지 매각을 추진하였다. 이 과정에서 그들은 농지분배 뿐 아니라 금융지원과 경영지도까지 겸하는 전담기구를 만들려 하였다. 농업금융과 농촌지도에 관한 제도와 계획이 수립되기 전에라도, 농지분배 ‘후속조치’로서의 이러한 기능에 공백이 있어서는 안 되기 때문에, 농지개혁 추진조직이 이를 맡아야 한다는 것이 그들의 생각이었다. 1946년 번스안에는 금융조합이 운영기관으로서 매각된 귀속농지에 대한 관리·감독을 맡는다는 구상이 있었다. 1947년 과도입법의원 토지개혁 논의에서 미군정은 한미간 채널을 통해 토지행정기구 구상을 관철하려 하였다. 금융지원과 경영지도까지 맡을 독립적인 전담행정기구가 토지개혁 전반을 주도해야 한다는 것이었다. 하지만 과도입법의원 산업노농위 측의 생각은 달랐고, 그래서 양측의 입장은 엎치락뒤치락하는 조정 과정을 거쳤다. 그 절충의 결과가 과도입법의원에 제출된 토지개혁법안이었다. 하지만 이 법안은 결국 유산되었고, 1948년 3월 미군정은 그들의 원래 의도를 그대로 담은 법령 173호를 공포하여 중앙토지행정처를 설치하고 귀속농지를 처리하였다. 중앙토지행정처는 미국 농업안정국(FSA)을 모델로 한 조직이었다. FSA는 뉴딜정책시기 만들어진 기구로, 소작인 농지 구매 프로그램을 운영하였다. FSA의 이 프로그램은 기존 농업금융기관을 이용하기 어려운 소작인들을 위해 설계된 제도였고, 영농·가계 계획에 대한 지도·감독과 금융지원을 결합하는 것이 그 특징이었다. 미군정은 귀속농지 처리에서뿐만 아니라 정부 수립 후 농지개혁에서도 행정처가 이와 같은 기능을 수행하기를 희망하였다. 그런데 이를 위해 그들이 취한 방법은 신한공사를 중앙토지행정처로 전환하는 것이었다. 동양척식주식회사의 후예인 신한공사는 이러한 구상에 참여하면서 존립을 도모해 나갔다. The U. S. Army Military Government in Korea(USAMGIK) carried out the sale of vested farmland as the first step in land reform in South Korea. In the process of discussing this, they emphasized the role of the administrative organization that would take charge of not only farmland distribution but also ‘follow-up measures’ such as credit services and management guidance. They believed that this administrative organization should perform these functions in order to prevent farmers from becoming tenant again, even before the agricultural credit and rural extension system was established. The ‘Bunce Plan’ of 1946 included the idea that the Federation of Financial Associations(FFA) would take charge of the management and supervision of the sold farmland as an administering agency. In 1947, when the South Korean Interim Legislative Assembly(SKILA) discussed land reform, the US side tried to carry out their plan to create an land administrative organization through the Korea-US Liaison Committee. They thought that an independent administrative organization that would provide credit services and management guidance during the repayment period should take charge of the land reform program. But, the SKILA committee took the position that it was not necessary to grant these functions to the land administrative organization. They also had a plan to separately enact legislation for agricultural cooperatives. The land reform bill submitted to the plenary session of the SKILA was the result of a compromise between these two positions. However, this bill was eventually aborted, and the USAMGIK promulgated Ordinance No. 173, which reflects their original intentions, established the National Land Administration(NLA) and carried out the sale of vested farmland. The NLA was modeled after the US Farm Security Administration(FSA). The FSA was a New Deal agency created in 1937 and operated the tenant purchase program. It was characteristic of this program to combine farm purchase loans with guidance and supervision of government agent. The USAMGIK was planning to convert the New Korea Company(NKC) to create the NLA, and to perform these functions not only in the sale of vested farmland but also in land reform after the establishment of the Korean government. The NKC, the successor of the Oriental Development Company, took part in this plan and prepared a way to maintain its existence.

증자 난황 건조 조건이 오리 난황유 산가 변화에 미치는 영향

류일환 ( Il Hwan Ryu ),정인택 ( In Teak Jung ),이갑상 ( Kap Sang Lee ) 한국식품영양학회 2004 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

1950~60년대 주석균의 농업정책론과 농정 관계 활동

柳一桓(Il-hwan RYU) 한국근현대사학회 2023 한국 근현대사 연구 Vol.107 No.-

주석균은 식민지 관료 출신으로서, 그 경력을 바탕으로 해방 후 수리조합연합회 회장과 농림부 차관을 지냈으나, 다른 한편으로는 그 경험으로부터 관료정치 타파론을 도출하였다. 이에 기초해 그는 1950년대에 민주·자유·자립의 세축으로 농업정책론을 정리하는 한편, 농업문제연구회를 결성하여 정부 농정에비판론을 펼쳤다. 그는 농촌 민주화를 농촌 부흥의 선결과제로 생각하였고, 이를 위해 농민들을 협동조합으로 조직해야 한다고 보았으며, 협동조합의 민주적 운영 원칙을 중시했다. 그는 또한 식량정책 난맥상의 원인을 양곡시장의 미성숙에서 찾았고, 도매상을 육성하고 유통질서를 확립하는 등 자유경제 원칙에 기초해 이를 해결해야 한다고 보았다. 한편 그의 자립경제 지향은 초기의 ‘자립정신에 기초한 원조 수용’ 입장에서 1950년대 중반에는 원조의 부작용 심화에 따라외곡도입 비판론으로 옮아갔다. 4·19 이후 민주당 정부 농정에 참여했던 그는5·16 이후 군사정부 농정 입안에도 참여했지만, 농촌민주화와 양곡시장 육성및 외곡도입 감축과 같은 근본적인 지점은 수용되지 않았고, 그는 박정희 정부농정에 비판론을 펴나갔다. Chu Sok-Kyun was a former colonial bureaucrat, and based on his career, he served as the president of the Irrigation Association and the vice minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry after liberation. Also from this experience, he acquired a distaste for administrative control of the economy and a conviction of the unworkability of controls. Based on this, in the 1950s, he organized the theory of agricultural policy into the three axes of democracy, free economy, and self-sustaining economy, while organizing the Agricultural Problem Research Group to criticize the government's agricultural policy. He considered rural democratization as a prerequisite for rural rehabilitation, saw that farmers should be organized into cooperatives for this purpose, and emphasized the principle of democratic operation of cooperatives. He also found the cause of the food policy confusion in the immaturity of the grain market, and saw that it should be resolved based on the principles of free economy, such as fostering wholesalers and establishing distribution order. On the other hand, his orientation toward self-sustaining economy moved from the position of ‘acceptance of aid based on the spirit of self-reliance’ in the early 1950s to the criticism of importing foreign grains as the side effects of aid deepened. He participated in the agricultural policy of the Democratic Party government after 4·19, and also participated in the agricultural policy formulation of the military government after 5·16. However, his fundamental points such as rural democratization, fostering of the grain market, and reduction of importing foreign grains were not accepted, so he criticized the Park Chung-hee government’s agricultural policies.

발효, 세포배양, 생물공정 비우식성 당 Fuc(1→4)galNAc(2→6)NeuAc를 생산하는 호알칼리성 Bacillus sp. S-1013의 동정 및 생산조건의 최적화

류일환 ( Il Hwan Ryu ),김선숙 ( Sun Sook Kim ),이갑상 ( Kap Sang Lee ),이은숙 ( Eun Sook Lee ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2006 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.34 No.3

연구보문 : 환경미생물 ; 미생물혼합제제 처리가 토양의 미생물상과 화학적 특성 및 시설 채소 생육에 미치는 영향

류일환 ( Il Hwan Ryu ),정수지 ( Su Ji Jeong ),한성수 ( Seong Soo Han ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.4

BACKGROUND: The urgency of feeding the world`s growing population while combating soil pollution, salinization and desertification requires suitable biotechnology not only to improve crop productivity but also to improve soil health through interactions of soil nutrient and soil microorganism. Interest in the utilization of microbial fertilizer has increased. A principle of nature farming is to produce abundant and healthy crops without using chemical fertilizer and pesticides, and without interrupting the natural ecosystem. Beneficial microorganisms may provide supplemental nutrients in the soil, promote crop growth, and enhance plant resistance against pathogenic microorganisms. We mixed beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus sp. Han-5 with anti-fungal activities, Trichoderma harziaum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum with organic material degrading activity, Actinomycetes bovis with antibiotic production and Pseudomonas sp. with nitrogen fixation. This study was carried out to investigate the mixtures on the soil microflora and soil chemical properties and the effect on the growth of lettuce and cucumber under greenhouse conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: The microbial mixtures were used with each of organic fertilizer, swine manure and organic+swine manure and compared in regard to changes in soil chemical properties, soil microflora properties and crop growth. At 50 days after the treatment of microorganism mixtures, the pH improved from 5.8 to 6.3, and the EC, NO3-Na and K decreased by 52.4%, 60.5% and 29.3%, respectively. The available P2O5 and SiO2 increased by 25.9% and 21.2%, respectively. Otherwise, the population density of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. was accelerated and the growth of vegetables increased. Moreover, the population density of E. coli and Fusarium sp., decreased remarkably. The ratio of bacteria to fungi (B/F) and the ratio of Actinomycetes bovis to fungi (A/F) increased 2.3 (from 272.2 to 624.4) and 1.7 times (from 38.3 to 64), respectively. Furthermore, the growth and yield of cucumber and lettuce significantly increased by the treatment of microorganism mixtures. CONCLUSION(S): These results suggest that the treatment of microorganism mixtures improved the chemical properties and the microflora of soil and the crop growth. Therefore, it is concluded that the microorganism mixtures could be good alternative soil amendments to restore soil nutrients and soil microflora.

뽕잎의 당침 및 유산발효에 의한 추출물의 기능성 품질 특성

류일환 ( Il Hwan Ryu ),권태오 ( Tae Oh Kwon ) 한국잠사학회 2013 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.51 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate functional quality characteristics of extract obtained after sugar-leaching for 12 weeks (SLE) and extract obtained after lactic acid fermentation for 8 weeks (LFE) of mulberry leaves. The yield, sugar content, pH, and total acidity of SLE were 27%, 43 oBrix, 4.6, and 0.45%. The yield, sugar content, pH, and total acidity of LFE were 166%, 33 oBrix, 3.6, and 1.17% respectively. The lactic acid bacteria viable numbers (1.2 × 1010 CFU/ml) of LFE were more than those of SLE (2.8 × 102 CFU/ml). The LFE expressed activities of hydrolytic enzymes (amylase, cellulase, pectinase, protease), but SLE did not express. The contents of acetic acid, citric acid, and malic acid of SLE were higher than those of LFE, but lactic acid content of LFE was higher than that of SLE. The main free sugars of SLE were glucose (200.93 mg/g), fructose (236.32 mg/g), and sucrose (18.41 mg/g), but LFE did not detect all free sugars. The contents of polyphenol, anthocyanin, and piperidine alkaloid of LFE were higher than those of SLE. α-Glycosidase activities were inhibited 3.4% and 16.2% by SLE and LFE. These results suggest that lactic acid fermentation extraction is an effective method to increase the yield and contents of functional quality of mulberry leaves extract.

미생물 혼합처리가 토양의 미생물상과 이화학적 특성 및 시설 채소 생육에 미치는 영향

류일환 ( Il Hwan Ryu ),유기용 ( Ki Yong Yoo ),노석초 ( Seog Cho Lo ),한성수 ( Seong Soo Han ) 한국환경농학회 2008 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2008 No.2

Cumin(Cuminum cymium L.) seed로부터 정제한 2-hydroxyethyl-β-undecenate의 항치주염 효과의 효소학적 평가

류일환(Il-Hwan Ryu),강은주(Eun-Ju Kang),이갑상(Kap-Sang Lee),박정순(Chung-Soon Park) 한국식품과학회 2007 한국식품과학회지 Vol.39 No.6

본 연구자들은 Cumin(Cuminum cymium L.) seed로부터 정제한 2-hydroxyethyl-β-undecenate의 항치주염 활성을 사람의 백혈구를 이용하여 염증 매개물질 LTB<SUB>4</SUB> 및 PGs의 생성 효소인 5-lipoxygenase와 cyclooxygenase, 및 조직파괴 효소인 collagenase와 elastase의 저해 효과를 규명하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. HPS의 항치주염 활성을 사람의 백혈구를 이용하여 염증 매개물질 LTB<SUB>4</SUB> 및 PGs의 생성 효소인 5-lipoxygenase와 cyclooxygenase 및 조직 파괴효소인 collagenase와 elastase의 저해효과를 규명한 결과, HPS은 5 × 10<SUP>?2</SUP> M 첨가 시 97%의 PMNL로부터 LTB<SUB>4</SUB> 생합성이 저해되었으며 이때 IC<SUB>50</SUB> 값은 2 × 10<SUP>?4</SUP> M이었다. 균질화된 사람의 PMNL 5-lipoxygenase 및 시판 정제 5-lipoxygenase 활성에 대한 HPS의 저해 효과는 5 × 10<SUP>?2</SUP> M 첨가 시 92%의 효소 활성이 저해되었다. 또한 효소 활성에 대한 IC<SUB>50</SUB> 값은 2.5 × 10<SUP>?4</SUP> M이었으며, 정제 5-lipoxygenase에 대한 IC<SUB>50</SUB> 값은 2.3 × 10<SUP>?4</SUP> M이었다. 또한 백혈구 COX 활성에 대한 IC<SUB>50</SUB> 값은 5.1 × 10<SUP>?4</SUP> M이었고, 정제 COX에 대한 IC<SUB>50</SUB> 값은 2.3 × 10<SUP>?4</SUP> M이었으며, 백혈구 collagenase 활성에 대한 IC<SUB>50</SUB> 값은 2 × 10<SUP>?3</SUP> M이었고 정제 collagenase에 대한 IC<SUB>50</SUB> 값은 5 × 10<SUP>?2</SUP> M이었다. 백혈구 elastase의 경우 5 × 10<SUP>?2</SUP> M 첨가 시 66%의 활성이 저해된 반면 정제 elastase의 경우 5 × 10<SUP>?2</SUP> M 첨가 시 25%의 효소 활성이 저해되었다. 또한 백혈구 elastase 활성에 대한 IC<SUB>50</SUB> 값은 7.5 ×10<SUP>?3</SUP> M이었다. 인체 치은세포에 대한 독성 시험 결과 5 × 10<SUP>?2</SUP> M의 HPS 첨가시 세포의 활성은 배양 2일째 47.83%로 나타났으며, 1 × 10<SUP>?2</SUP> M의 HPS 첨가시에도 68.53%로 나타나 비교적 세포독성이 강한 것으로 나타났다. The present study was conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory action of 2-hydroxyethyl-β-undecenate (HPS) purified from Cumin (Cuminum cymium L.) seed against periodontitis. From the study in which human leukocyte was employed to detect the inhibiting effects of 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, enzymes generating carriers of infection like LTB₄ and PGs, as well as of collagenase and elastase, organ-destroying enzymes, following conclusions could be drawn: HPS was found to inhibit leukotrien B4 biosynthesis by stimulating more than 97% of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) with addition of 5 × 10² M when IC₅₀ was set at 2 × 10⁴ M. Ninety-two percent of enzyme activation turned out to be inhibited when 5 × 10² M was added in a test to prove inhibiting effects of HPS against activation of PMNL 5-lipoxygenase from homogeneous humans and purified 5-lipoxygenase on the market. Besides, IC₅₀ for enzyme activation was valued at 2.5 × 10⁴ M, while the value of IC₅₀ for purified 5-lipoxygenase was 2.3 × 10⁴M. The IC₅₀ values of COX-activated leukocyte and purified collagenase were 5.1 × 10⁴ M and 2.3 × 10⁴ M, respectively. Moreover, the value of IC₅₀for activation of leukocyte collagenase was 2 × 10³ M, whereas that for purified collagenase was 5 × 10² M. In case of leukocyte elastase, addition of 5 × 10² M inhibited its activation by 66%. In case of purified one, however, activation of enzyme was inhibited by 25% with addition of 5 × 10² M. Furthermore, the IC₅₀value for activation of leukocyte elastase was revealed to be 7.5 × 10³ M. From the virulence test with human gingiva cell, it was shown that, on the second day of cultivation, 47.83% of the cell had been activated when HPS was added by 5 × 10² M. Even the addition of HPS by 1 × 10² M featured 68.53% of cell activation, suggesting relatively strong toxicity of the substance against gingiva cell.