Bi 계열 Glass Frit 조성이 계면저항에 미치는 영향

김인애,신효순,여동훈,정대용,Kim, In Ae,Shin, Hyo Soon,Yeo, Dong Hun,Jeong, Dae Yong 한국전기전자재료학회 2013 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.26 No.12

The front electrode should be used to make solar cell panel so as to collect electron. The front electrode is used by paste type, printed on the Si-solar cell wafer and sintered at about $800^{\circ}C$. The paste is composed Ag powder and glass frit which make the ohmic contact between Ag electrode and n-type semiconductor layer. From the previous study, the Ag electrodes which used two commercial glass frit of Bi-system were so different on the interface resistance. The main composition of them was Bi-Zn-B-Si-O and few additives added in one of them. In this study, glass frit was made with the ratio of $Bi_2O_3$ and ZnO on the main composition, and then paste using glass frit was prepared respectively. And, also, the paste using the glass frit added oxide additives were prepared. The change of interface resistance was not large with the ratio of $Bi_2O_3$ and ZnO. In the case of G6 glass frit, 78 wt% $Bi_2O_3$ addition, the interface resistance was $190{\Omega}$ and most low. In the glass frit added oxide, the case of Ca increased over 10 times than it of G6 glass frit on the interface resistance. It was thaught that after sintering, Ca added glass frit was not flowed to the interface between Ag electrode and wafer but was in the Ag electrode.

Aerosol Deposition 법을 이용한 CIGS 태양전지의 광흡수층 형성

김인애,신효순,여동훈,정대용,Kim, In Ae,Shin, Hyo Soon,Yeo, Dong Hun,Jeong, Dae Yong 한국전기전자재료학회 2013 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.26 No.12

CIGS is one of thin film solar cell and has been studied so much, because of the possibility of low price and high efficiency. Until now, co-evaporation and sputtering were typical method to prepare CIGS absorption layer, and a few company commercialized solar cell by these method. However, non-vacuum process which has been studied for long time has not been progressed, though the merit of low price. Especially, aerosol deposition method has not been reported, because it is difficult to prepare a large quantity of various CIGS powder. In this study, CIGS powder was synthesized by mechanochemical method and CIGS absorption layer was deposited by aerosol deposition method. The thickness of the CIGS layer was controlled by the number of deposition and the surface roughness of it was affected by the amount of flow gas. And, also, I-V curve of it appeared metallic property in the case of 'as deposition'. After heat treatment in Se-rich atmosphere, the electrical property of it changed to a semiconductor. CdS and transparent conduction layer were formed by a typical method on it for solar cell. The efficiency of cell was appeared 0.19%. Though the efficiency was low because of the disharmony in the after-process, it was conformed that CIGS solar cell could be prepared by aerosol deposition.

Child-Pugh B군인 간세포암 환자에서 sorafenib과 경동맥화학색전술 병합 치료

이종식 ( Jong Sik Lee ),문선영 ( Sun Young Moon ),이경언 ( Kyung Ann Lee ),민재기 ( Jae Ki Min ),전성진 ( Sung Jin Jeon ),김인애 ( In Ae Kim ),이강훈 ( Kang Hoon Lee,),최원혁 ( Won Hyeok Choe ),김정한 ( Jeong Han Kim ),권소영 ( So 대한간암학회 2014 대한간암학회지 Vol.14 No.1

combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in Child-Pugh (CP) class-B patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A total of 12 CP class-B patients who were initially treated with sorafenib combined with TACE were retrospectively reviewed. At 14 days after the first TACE, patients were continuously treated with sorafenib until unacceptable adverse events (AEs) or diseaseprogression. Consecutive TACEs were also performed, if patients were tolerable. Results: Of 12 patients, 8, 3 and 1 patients had CP-score 7, 8, and 9, respectively. The median overall survival was 85 days. Patients underwent median 2 sessions of TACE (range 1-4) and the median duration of sorafenib was 48days (range, 12-92 days). Three patients refused repeated TACEs and 4 patients required delay of the consecutive TACE due to AEs of sorafenib. Six patients required transient or permanent discontinuation of sorafenib, due to its AEs (grade 1/2 AEs, 2 patients; grade 3/4 AEs, 4 patients). High CP score (score 8/9 vs. 7) was tended to be association with interruption of sorafenib (P=0.061) and requirement of refusal/ delay of consecutive TACE (P=0.081). Conclusions: Sorafenib combined with TACE were frequently interrupted or delayed in CP class-B patients, mostly because of its side effects, even though there were not serious. Our experiences suggest that combination with sorafenib and TACE might interface with each other due to its side effects in CP class-B patients, especially patients with CP score 8/9 liver cirrhosis.

중증 뇌병변장애인의 기능체력 향상 운동프로그램 구성요인 및 중요도 분석: 라반의 에포트 이론을 중심으로

김인애 ( In-ae Kim ),김권일 ( Kwon-il Kim ) 한국특수체육학회 2020 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구는 라반의 에포트 이론을 기반으로 중증 뇌병변장애인에게 적합한 기능체력 향상 운동프로그램의 구성요인을 도출하고 중요도를 분석하는 것으로 중증 장애인에게 효과적인 운동프로그램 개발을 위한 토대를 마련함에 그 목적이 있다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 특수체육학박사 5명, 특수체육교사 5명, 물리치료사 5명을 대상으로 델파이기법(Delphi Technique)을 활용하여 2차례 설문조사를 실시하였으며 이에 따라 프로그램 구성 요인을 도출하였다. 도출된 기능체력 향상 운동프로그램 구성 요인들 간 상대적 중요도와 우선순위 분석을 위해 특수체육학 박사 8명, 특수체육지도자 4명, 물리치료사 3명을 대상으로 의사결정 방식의 하나인 계층분석(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 중증 뇌병변장애인에게 적합한 활동 프로그램은 3개 영역, 11개 요소, 15개 활동으로 구성되었다. 둘째, 기능체력 향상을 위한 활동을 중요도 순으로 살펴본 결과 음악에 맞춰 율동하기(29.6%), 탄성밴드를 이용한 움직이기(17.7%), 풍선 배구(12.3%) 등으로 나타났다. In this study were purposed to evaluate the suitability of exercise programs to improve functional fitness in the disabled with severe brain lesions and figure out the relative importance of them based on the Laban movement theory. We convened a Delphi panel of each five of adapted physical education PHDs, adapted physical education teachers and physical therapists. Analytic Hierarchy Process was conducted by eight of PHDs, four of teachers and three of physical therapists. Selected programs through this process were tried to assess preliminarily five of the disabled and have ensured validity based on response values. In the results firstly the optimal movements consist of three fields, eleven factors and fifteen activities. Secondly in order of importance showed rhythmic movement(29.6%), movements with an elastic band(17.7%), balloon volleyball(12.3%).

신체활동에 따른 척수장애인의 비만도 평가

김인애 ( In Ae Kim ),김동만 ( Dong Man Kim ),한민규 ( Min Kyu Han ) 한국특수체육학회 2010 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.18 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 척수장애 운동선수, 척수장애 좌식생활자(SCIA; n=90, SCIS; n=40) 그리고 일반인(AB; n=64)으로 구분하여 체지방률을 비교·분석하고, 척수장애 운동선수 집단 내 주간 운동 시간에 따른 비만도를 파악하는데 있다. 비만도를 평가하기 위하여 삼두근, 견갑하부, 상장골을 피부두겹법으로 측정하였으며, 이 부위 합을 이용하여 체지방률을 산출하였다. 각 집단 간 차이를 알아보기 위하여 일원변량분석(one-way ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 이 연구결과에 따르면 첫째, SCIS집단이 SCIA집단보다 체지방률이 유의하게(p=.001) 높았으며, SCIA집단과 AB집단은 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, SCIA집단 내 견갑하부 부위에서 주간10~19시간 운동하는 집단이 주간 30시간 이상 운동하는 집단보다 유의하게(p=.001) 높았으며, 체지방률은 주간1~9시간 집단과 10~19시간 운동하는 집단이 주간 30시간 이상 운동하는 집단에 비해 각각 유의하게(p=.046, p=.042) 높았다. 결론적으로, 척수장애인은 척수 손상 후 비만으로 부정적 변화를 초래하는 것으로 나타났지만 규칙적인 운동이 이러한 변화를 최소화하고 긍정적인 방향으로 유도할 수 있음을 시사한다. Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the degree of obesity in spinal cord injured athletes and sedentaries (SCIA; n=90, SCIS; n=40) to able-bodied controls(AB; n=64). It also finds out the obesity degree in SCIA by weekly exercise time. Skinfolds method was used to measure triceps, subscapular, and supraspinale which are summed to calculate body fat percentage. One-way ANOVA was used to confirm statistical significant differences among the groups. The results were as follows; First, body fat percentage was significantly higher in the SCIS group compared to SCIA group(p=.001) but there was no significant difference between the SCIA and AB groups. Second, in SCIA, subscapular was significantly higher in 10-19 hour/week group than over 30 hour/week group(p=.001) but there were no significant differences of body fat percentage among the groups. In conclusion, spinal cord injury seems to cause the negative changes in obesity degree after injuring. It can be suggested that regular exercise can minimize these negative changes and induce spinal cord injured to positive way.

장애노인의 운동참여 영향 요인 탐색: 고령화된 장애인과 노화에 따른 장애인 비교

김인애 ( In-ae Kim ) 한국특수체육학회 2020 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.28 No.4

본 연구는 장애노인 형태에 따라 고령화된 장애인(aging with disability)과 노화에 따른 장애인(disability with aging)의 운동참여에 차이가 있는지 파악하고, 운동참여 시 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지 탐색하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위해 2017년 장애인실태조사 자료를 활용하여 만 65세 이상의 등록장애인 3,228명의 데이터를 분석하였으며, SPSS 23.0 프로그램으로 빈도분석, 교차분석, 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 특성별로 운동참여자의 비율을 살펴본 결과 성별, 연령, 장애기간에서 두 집단이 상반되는 경향을 나타냈으며, 고령화된 장애인(AWD)이 노화에 따른 장애인(DWA)에 비해 운동참여율이 높게 나타났다(x²=30.597, p=.000). 둘째, 운동참여에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 결과 공통적으로 고학력자로 느끼는 소속계층이 중/상층이고, 혼자 외출이 가능할수록 운동참여율이 높았으며, 추가로 노화에 따른 장애인은 연령(젊을수록)이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 본 연구 결과를 통해 장애노인의 운동참여 활성화를 위한 구체적인 방안 수립에 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. This study aimed to classify the different types of physical activity participation among aging with disability and disability with aging depending on older disabled classifications and examine the factors that influence on physical activity participation. We studied 3,228 older disabled with over 65 years old registered on the data from disabled population- Korea based study in 2017 and conducted Chi square, Frequency distribution and Logistic regression analysis with SPSS 23.0 program. In results, firstly two groups showed the opposite pattern in physical activity participation ratio depending on gender, age and the length of disability based on older disabled classification. Older disabled with aging participated higher in physical activity than Disabled with againg(x²=30.597, p=.000). Second, both group had the common factors that influence on the physical activity of older disabled were 1) middle/high community as higher education they felt 2) better ability to go out by themselves 3) younger age in Disabled with aging (p<.05). The results of this study can be used as base data to build up the detailed policy for developing the physical activity in older disabled people.

객실 안전관리체계가 객실승무원의 안전의식과 안전행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김인애(Kim, In-Ae),주하연(Ju, Ha-Yeon),현성협(Hyun, Sung-Hyup) 한국호텔외식관광경영학회 2020 호텔경영학연구 Vol.29 No.6

장애 성인의 운동참여가 주관적 건강, IADL을 이중매개로 건강관련 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

김인애 ( In-ae Kim ) 한국특수체육학회 2021 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.29 No.1

장애 성인의 삶의 질은 성공적인 노화에 영향을 미치므로 이들의 삶의 질을 향상시키기 위한 다양한 대책이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 장애 성인의 운동참여가 건강관련 삶의 질과의 관계에서 주관적 건강과 수단적 일상생활 수행능력(IADL)의 이중매개효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2017년 장애인실태조사에 참여한 등록장애인 만 18~64세 2,996명의 자료를 활용하였으며, SPSS 23.0과 Hayes(2013)의 PROCESS macro(model 6)를 이용하여 관련 변인들 간의 이중매개 효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 장애 성인의 운동 참여 수준에 따라 건강관련 삶의 질에 미치는 영향에 대해 운동을 주 150분이상(권장수준) 참여할수록 건강관련 삶의 질은 향상되는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 장애 성인이 운동참여시간(CDC에서 권장하는 주 150분 이상)이 많을수록 주관적 건강은 정적으로 유의미한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 장애 성인의 운동참여와 IADL 관계에서 주관적 건강은 유의미한 매개효과를 나타내었다. 넷째, 장애 성인의 운동참여와 건강관련 삶의 질 관계에서 주관적 건강과 IADL은 유의미한 이중매개 효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. Recently there came up various countermeasures to improve the quality of lives of disabled people because the quality of their life determines the successful aging in disabled adults. The aim of this study is to verify the dual mediating effects of subjective health and instrumental daily life performance ability(IADL) under the relationship between exercise participation among disabled adults and health-related quality of life(HRQL). It was selected a sample of 2996 disabled persons with aged 18-64 who were surveyed from disabled population Korea based study in 2017. We used SPSS 23.0 and Hayes(2013)'s PROCESS macro(model 6) to verify the dual mediating effects of related factors. As results of analysis in this study were as follows. First, the exercise above weekly 150 min(participation above recommended level) improved the health-related quality of life after examining how to affect the participation in exercise of disabled adults(participation above the recommended level, participation below the recommended level, non-participation) on health-related quality of life. Second, we found the statically significant relationship between subjective health and exercise participation by as much as they had more exercise(more than weekly 150 minutes recommended by CDC). Third, it has shown a significant mediating effect on the subjective health under the relationship between exercise participation and IADL in disabled adults. Fourth result has shown a significant mediating effect on the subjective health and IADL under the relationship between exercise participation and health-related quality of ife in disabled adults. This study is meaningful to verify the dual mediating effect on exercise participation, subjective health and IADL, especially with regard as subsequent usage to improve the health-related quality of life in disabled adults.

유아의 그림에서 나타난 가정에서의 디지털 기기를 활용한 경험

김인애(In-ae Kim),오아름(ah-reum Oh) 한국교원대학교 유아교육연구소 2023 한국유아교육연구 Vol.25 No.1

장애인 운동발달 및 체력 검사도구의 유형과 특성

김인애 ( In-ae Kim ),한민규 ( Min-kyu Han ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2018 스포츠사이언스 Vol.35 No.2

본 연구는 장애인의 운동발달 및 체력 검사도구의 활용 실태를 파악하고 타당도 증거를 제시하여 현장에서 활용할 수 있도록 장애인의 운동발달 및 체력 검사도구 특성과 유용성에 대한 정보를 제공하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 장애인체육지도자 41명을 대상으로 운동발달 및 체력 검사도구의 활용실태를 조사하였으며 수집된 자료는 Excel 2016프로그램을 통해 평균, 표준편차, 빈도를 산출하였다. 또한 장애인 운동발달 및 체력 검사도구의 측정항목 및 유용성에 대해 제시하기 위하여 국내·외 문헌 분석을 실시하였으며 특수체육 전공 교수 1명, 특수체육 전공 박사 3명이 라운드테이블(round table) 방식의 전문가 토론을 하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 장애인체육지도자가 프로그램 전·후에 진단 및 평가를 실시하는지 조사한 결과 7.3%만이 검사를 실시하는 것으로 나타났으며, 프로그램 전·후에 사정을 하지 않는 이유로 검사도구가 장애인에게 적합하지 않다는 응답률이 80.5%로 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 장애인용 운동발달 및 체력 검사도구의 활용 여부에 대해서는 87.8%가 장애인에게 적합하다면 검사도구를 활용할 것이라고 응답하였다. 둘째, 국내 특수체육 현장에서 사용하기 위한 검사도구로 운동발달 영역에서는 대근운동발달검사(TGMD), 피바디 운동발달척도(PDMS), 아동운동성검사(MABC), 덴버발달선별검사(DDST-2), 대근운동숙련도검사(BOT)이며, 체력 영역에서는 BPFT, Kansas APE, 장애학생건강체력평가(PAPS-D)로 선정되었다. 본 연구는 장애인을 대상으로 운동발달 및 체력 분야의 사정을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고 효율적인 장애인 체육프로그램 운영에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. This study was performed so as to figure cut the practical reality of the moor development of people with disability and the test tool of physical Fitness, and it was performed in order to supply the information about the characteristic and utility of the motor development of people with disability and the test tool of physical fitness which could be used in the real field by producing the validity evidence. For the purpose of achieving the object of this study we carried out the investigation about actual condition of the motor development of people with disability and the test tool of physical fitness for 41 person who are the sports instructors for the disabled, and we produced the average, the standard deviation and the frequency of the collected data through Excel 2016 program. And also we carried out the analysis about the domestic and foreign literature in order to suggest the measurement items and the utility of the motor development of people with disability and the test tool of physical fitness, and we performed the round table typed discussions with adapted physical education and 3 doctorates majored in adapted physical education. The first result of this study is as followings. In the result of the diagnosis and evaluation for the sports instructors for the disabled, it was revealed that only 7.3% of them carried out the test. And when people with disability are instructed as the reason of none-corrective inspection in the before and after program, 80.5% responsors said that the test tool was unsuitable for people with disability, and the degree is the highest one. When it was questioned that the test tool about the motor development suitable for people with disability and the physical fitness would be used or not, 87.7% of those surveyed responded that thy would use the test tool. secondly, we selected TGMD, PDMS, MABC, DDST-2, BOT, in the field of motor development as a test tool for the BPFT, Kansas APE, PAPS-D in the field of physical fitness. Through the result of this study, it can be expected that we well use the result as the basic materials for the corrective assessment of the motor development and physical fitness fields for people with disability, and we can help the efficient physical activity programs for people with disability.