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영상의 효율적인 무손실 압축을 위한 강인한 순차적 전처리 기법
김남이 ( Nam Yee Kim ),유강수 ( Kang Soo You ),곽훈성 ( Hoon Sung Kwak ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2009 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.10 No.1
본 논문에서는 그레이레벨 (gray-level) 영상의 효율적인 엔트로피 부호화를 위한 강인한 순차적 전처리 기법을 제안한다. 이 논문의 목적은 비트스트림을 전송할 때 부가정보를 줄이는 것이다. 제안한 기법은 서로 인접한 픽셀의 그레이레벨 쌍에 대한 발생 빈도를 측정하여 원래 영상의 그레이레벨 값을 이에 대응하는 순위 값으로 변환시킨다. 이때 부가정보가 발생하지 않도록 입력 영상의 한 픽셀씩 순차적으로 순위 변환을 한다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 제안한 기법은 엔트로피 부호화 기법과 기존 순차적 전처리 기법에 비해 압축 비트 율을 각각 최대 44.1%, 37.5%까지 절감할 수 있었다. 따라서 제안한 기법은 무손실 데이터 압축을 요구하는 응용분야에 효율적으로 사용될 수 있다. In this paper, we propose a robust preprocessing scheme for entropy coding in gray-level image. The issue of this paper is to reduce additional information needed when bit stream is transmitted. The proposed scheme uses the preprocessing method of co-occurrence count about gray-levels in neighboring pixels. That is, gray-levels are substituted by their ranked numbers without additional information. From the results of computer simulation, it is verified that the proposed scheme could be reduced the compression bit rate by up to 44.1%, 37.5% comparing to the entropy coding and conventional preprocessing scheme respectively. So our scheme can be successfully applied to the application areas that require of losslessness and data compaction.
The study of fingerprint degradation and composition according to aging(Ⅱ)
Nam Yee Kim(김남이),Jong Shin Park,Woo-Yong Park,Geum Mun Nam,Sang Cheol Heo,Ji Eun Jung,Jihyuk Kim,Hee Sook Kim 한국분석과학회 2021 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.11
The latent fingerprint is one of the most important evidences for individualization at a crime scene. As crime becomes more intelligent, it is becoming increasingly important to determine when a latent fingerprint was deposited. This study was designed by modeling a real crime. There was a crime in which dozens of pottery pieces packed in polystyrene boxes and stored in an underground warehouse were stolen. A latent fingerprint developed in a polystyrene box at the crime scene by emulsion black technique, and the suspect was arrested. However, the suspect claimed that I had been hired to transport the pottery to the underground warehouse10 years ago. I’ve never been there since then. Fingerprint aging was studied by keeping fingerprint samples deposited by volunteers on polystyrene boxes in a dark room. Emulsion black technique (iron oxide) was used for fingerprint development. Even fingerprint samples stored from more than 6 months and up to 2 years were able to identify latent fingerprint. After identification of latent fingerprint by using the emulsion black technique, the sample was used to analyze the components by GC/MS with TMS derivatization for the fingerprint aging. The ratio of cholesterol and squalene(Ch/Sq) as aging indicator was calculated. The ratio was about 0.01 from the initial time to 1 month of storage, but after that, it gradually increased to more than 0.1 after 6 months, and also the absolute amount of cholesterol and squalene were decreased much more than initial time. Applying heat to the fingerprint sample or storing the developed fingerprint sample also affected the aging.
김남이,임병찬,원운재,현근우,최금종,송은정,허문영,Kim, Nam-Yee,Lim, Beng-Chan,Weon, Wun-Jae,Hyun, Geun-Woo,Choi, Geum-Jong,Song, Eun-Jeong,Heo, Moon-Young 대한약학회 2007 약학회지 Vol.51 No.6
This study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of airborne particulate matters using single cell gell elec trophoresis (comet assay) in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. The total suspended particulate (TSP) was collected on back-up filter in Chuncheon, Kangwon Do, South Korea from April, 2003 to February, 2005. The concentrations of TSP, B(a)p and most of heavy metals seemed to be higher in spring and winter, and lower in summer. And they showed higher concentration in the commercial areas and the residential area having more traffics than in the rural area. It was found that A549 cells interacting with the organic extract of TSP showed more DNA single-strand breaks compare to untreated cells. The genotoxicity of the organic extract of TSP was increased with the pre-treatment of S-9 mixture during the culture or with the treatment of endonuclease after cell lysis. The DNA damage by the organic extract of TSP was higher in winter and the commercial area than in summer and the rural area. This study suggests that TSP, heavy metals and B(a)P analyzed showed significant variation depend on the seasons and the areas which are correlated with the DNA damage evaluated by Comet assay, indicating that genotoxic biomarker is useful for toxicological evaluation of air quality.
순차적 순위 변환을 이용한 그레이레벨 영상의 효율적인 무손실 압축
김남이(Kim Nam Yee),유강수(Kang Soo You),곽훈성(Hoon Sung Kwak) 대한전기학회 2008 정보 및 제어 심포지엄 논문집 Vol.2008 No.1
본 논문에서는 8-bits의 그레이레벨 영상에서 그레이레벨(gray-level) 값들의 발생 빈도(frequency)에 따른 순위 변환 (Ranking - Transformation을 이용한 효율적인 무손실 압축을 제안 한다. 제안한 기법은 서로 인접한 픽셀의 그레이레벨의 쌍에 대한 발생 빈도를 토대로 원 영상의 그레이레벨 값을 이에 대용하는 순위 값으로 변환시킨다. 이때 부가정보가 발생하지 않도록 입력영상의 픽셀들에 대하여 한 픽셀씩 순차적으로 지정한 순위로 재구성한다. 실험결과, 부가 정보 없이 입력 영상을 압축하게 되어 엔트로피 부호화기를 통한 디지털 영상들의 효율적인 압축 성능 향상을 기대 할 수 있다.
그레이스케일 이미지에서의 무손실 압축을 위한 강인한 Ordering 기법
김남이(Nam Yee Kim),장세영(Se Young Jang),서덕원(Duck Won Seo),유강수(Kang Soo You),곽훈성(Hoon Sung Kwak) 대한전기학회 2006 정보 및 제어 심포지엄 논문집 Vol.2006 No.1
Using enhanced ordering scheme of graylevel in an image, we can apply it to lossless image compression in this paper. The proposed method is ordering scheme to replace an original grayscale image with a particular ordered image without additional information. From the simulation, it is verified that the proposed method reduces the bit rates than plain ordering scheme. And it can be applied in various fields of lossless compression, water marking and edge detection.