조선조 연시조의 발전과 수용 양상

김상진(Kim, Sang-Jean) 한국시조학회 2014 시조학논총 Vol.40 No.-

조선조 연시조는 四時歌, 五倫歌, 六歌 등의 유형으로 발전하며 각각의 계열을 형성하게 된다. 이렇듯 일련의 시조가 계열을 형성한다는 것은 그들 간에 영향관계가 있음을 의미한다. 본고는 이 가운데서 대표격이라 할 수 있는 육가계 연시조가 시대에 따라 어떻게 변모하고 있는가를 고찰하기로 한다. 이를 위해 육가의 성격에 대하여 먼저 규명하였다. 사시가와 오륜가가 그 명칭에서부터 작품의 성격을 의미하는 것과는 달리 육가는 그렇지 못하다. 더욱이 최초의 작품인 李鼈의 〈藏六堂六歌〉와 최고의 작품으로 꼽히는 退溪의 〈陶山十二曲〉이 〈장육당육가〉를 비판, 수용함으로써 육가의 성격을 모호하게 한다. 이에 본고에서는 兩者를 아우르는 육가의 성격을 ‘處의 공간에서 물러난 시기에 부르는 노래’로 정의하였다. 본격적인 논의에서는 〈도산십이곡〉을 중심으로 논의를 진행하였다. 왜냐하면 이후의 작품들이, 〈도산십이곡〉이 표방하는 溫柔敦厚의 정신과 형식을 본받아 작품을 창작하면서 〈도산십이곡〉이 육가계 연시조의 대표작이 되었기 때문이다. 즉 〈도산십이곡〉이 취하고 있는 육가의 형식과 온유돈후의 정신이 16세기말에서부터 18세기에 창작된 육가계 시조에 어떻게 수용되고 있느냐의 문제이다. 〈도산십이곡〉은 세 가지 유형으로 수용된다. 첫째는 긍정적 수용 양상이다. 이들은 〈도산십이곡〉과 근접한 시기에 창작된 것으로, 그것의 정신과 내용 모두 〈도산십이곡〉을 효방한다. 둘째는 變容的 수용 양상으로, 17세기적 상황을 반영한다. 이것은 기본적으로는 〈도산십이곡〉에 근접하고자 하였지만 작가의 의식세계나 그가 처한 상황에 따라 적절하게 변화시켜 수용한 경우이다. 셋째는 18세기에 창작된 작품에서 볼 수 있는 異形的 수용 양상이다. 이 시기의 작품들은 전반적인 맥락에서 본다면 〈도산십이곡〉이 지향하는 틀을 수용하지만, 그 구체적인 면모는 그와 다르거나 오히려 상반되게 수용하고 있는 경우이다. 이상과 같이 육가계 연시조를 통시적으로 조망함으로써, 낱낱의 작품만을 봤을때 놓치게 되는 작품들 간의 ‘관계’에 주목하고자 하였다. 요컨대 이들 작품이 모두 유기성을 지닌 연시조라는 사실을 간과하지 않았다. 그럼으로써 총체적으로는 작품의 실체에 근접하고자 하였다. Joseon Yeonsijo is a type of development such as Sasiga (四時歌), Oryunga (五倫歌), Yukga (六歌). And each line was formed. This means that the relationship between the effect of the same lines. In this paper, Yukga-line Yeonsijo is the target. Because, this is among the Yeonsijo. In order to do this, first identify the nature of the Yukga. The name alone Yukga does not know character of work. This is different from Sasiga and Oryunga. And, the first work is Li-Byeol(李鼈)’s 〈Jangyukdanoyukga (藏六堂六歌)〉 and The best works Toegye(退溪)’s 〈Dosansibigok (陶山十二曲) character is different. Therefore, the character of Yukga is ambiguous. Thus, in this paper, stipulates as follows that ‘Yukga is singing in the space of retreat’. In a real discussion, specifically focuses on Toegye’s 〈Dosansibigok〉. Becau se, later creative works is 〈Dosansibigok〉 was seen. In other words, 〈Dosansibigok〉’s the spirit of Onyudonhu (溫柔敦厚) and form. So 〈Dosansibigok〉 was the representative of the Yeonsijo. 〈Dosansibigok〉 to accommodate the three types of patterns. First, it is a acceptance of positive. This is creative the closest period from 〈Dosansibigok〉. So were imitated all spirit and form. Second is the acceptability of transformation. This reflects the situation in the 17th century. This is essentially a 〈Dosansibigok〉 attempt seen. However, the situation was because of transformation. Third is, it can see the 18th century. It is the acceptability of allogeneric. There are the overall context of generally oriented to 〈Dosansibigok〉. However, looking specifically to it is different, or the opposite. So, this paper was diachronic study as a Yukga-line Yeonsijo. In doing so, pay attention to the ‘relationship’ between the works. In addition, it is important that this work is Yunsijo in accordance with the organic. In short, the study was close to the reality of work.

풍동실험을 위한 LabVIEW 응용 온라인 계측시스템의 개발

김봉근,장성태,이경용,박운진 한국기술교육대학교 2004 論文集 Vol.10 No.2

On-line measurement systems were newly developed for the performing effective wind tunnel experiments by utilizing the LabVIEW(Laboratory Virtual Instruments Engineering Workbench) system. As a result, instead of post-data-processing procedures based on Fortran programming which was commonly adopted in conventional measurement systems, wind tunnel experiments can be carried out on window-based PC operating systems and thus much time and effort required in analyzing fluid flow field can be successfully reduced. Furthermore, by utilizing the web publishing tool which is provided by the LabVIEW, it is possible to monitor and to control each measurement step via internet web pages from the remote area other than the laboratory in which experiments are carried out.

경주마 생체시료에서의 난드로론과 대사체의 검출 및 정량

김성진,조성희 중앙대학교 기초과학연구소 2000 基礎科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

In veterinary practice, anabolic steroid the nandrolone have been widely used in androgen therapy and illegal treatment. So current study was undertaken to quantify the steroids (nandrolone and its major metabolite estranediol) after administration and develope the screening method for the detection of anabolic steroid residues in equine body fluids. In the equine plasma, after extracted by disposable C18 Sep-pak cartridge with elution solvent, the organic layer was evaporated to dryness. The residue was subjected to LC/MS/MS analysis. After LC/MS/MS analysis, liquid chromatographic retention time data and mass spectral data were used for the detection and identification of nandrolone. The good quality control and recovery range were obtained for the present method. In the urine, after enzyme hydrolysis, the urine was extracted by disposable C18 Sep-pak cartridge and diethyl ether. After the ether layer was evaporated to dryness, the residue was subjected to derivatization prodedure and GC/MS analysis. After GC/MS analysis, both gas chromatographic retention time and mass spectral data were used for the detection and identification of estranediol. Also good quality-control data and recovery range were obtained for the present method. Using these methods, the concentrations of nandrolone and estranediol were determined in equine plasma and urine. Excretion profile of nandrolone presents the rapid increase up to maximum values at Days 4 after dosing and the slow regression in plasma and estrandiol major urinary metabolite of nandrone also presents increase up to maximum values at Days 5 after dosing and slow regression in urine.

양자역학에서 반원자주의

김명석,최상돈,조상규,문장수 慶北大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 1999 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.23 No.-

Atomism is physical and metaphysical doctrine that the world is made up of indivisible(a-tom) and imperceptible small material units. We review this doctrine and examine it physically in the light of quantum mechanics. From atomism, we elicit atomistical separability which says that properties of the whole system is determined by the properties of the parts. However, according to our argument, the atomistical separability cannot compatible with the formalism of quantum mechanics. In conclusion, atomism does not sustainable anymore, instead, holism of properties or things comes sound.

大學生의 思考技能의 診斷과 改善에 關한 硏究 : It's Diagnosis and Improvement

朴鎭玹,金武吉,金祥源,朴敬玉,羅東晋 全北大學校 學生生活硏究所 1988 學生生活硏究 Vol.16 No.-

Cognitive psychologists have taken a growing interest in reasoning skills as a primary goal of education. This study was accomplished as a part of elementary research on reasoning skills that have been pointed out as short comings of teaching of thinking. This study was composed of two substudies : one was to explore the ways to analyzing and diagnosing strategies for college students to apply to reasoning and problem solving, and the other was to examine the teachability of a normative strategy of thinking. In the first part of this study, we explored three alternatives to analyze thinking skills : cognitive process analysis, cognitive structure analysis, and cognitive style analysis ; and suggested the integrative use of them in diagnosing the cognitive skill of reasoning and problem solving. Model of cognitive process analysis was to devide the executive process of a specific task into several subtasks or components, measure the amount of effort, response time, and achievement level for each of them, and thereby analyze the strategies of thinking. Model of cognitive structure analysis was to present subject a specific task, instruct him to think aloud those ideas that came into his head during this solution, and analyze his cognitive structure on the base of his thinking-aloud. Finally, model of cognitive style analysis put more stress on tendency in thinking rather than ability in problem solving. In this regard, a alternative presented in this study was to analyze the strategies of thinking according to Baron's cognitive style model, in which process of thinking activity was devided into four phases : search of goal, search of possibility, search of evidence, and use of evidence. For each of them, the amount of time and effort that the indevidual invested and patterns of value that he grant would become criteria for judging the strategies that would become criteria for judging the strategies that he might use in the process of thinking activities for reasoning and problem solving. In result, this should correspond to measure biases on thinking. In general, main biases on thinking could be referred to insufficient search, search biased toward affirmative evidence, and oversensitivity to supporting evidence, which corresponded to compulsiveness vs. reflectiveness, dogmatism vs. open-mindedness, and authoritarianism, from a point of view on cognitive style, respectively. In the second part of this study, we examined the general principles of teaching thinking skills, based on human informations processing, and several training programs that have been developed with the purpose of improvement in thinking and reasoning skills. These programs were discussed into five categories: (1) cognitive operations approaches, (2) heuristics oriented approaches, (3) formal thinking approaches, (4) symbolic facility approaches, and (5) thinking-about-thinking approaches. Within these programs, the expansion of strategies and control of cognitive styles in reasoning and problem solving have become the main targets for improving of thinking skills. Therefore, this study was attempted to develop two training programs―referred to as Problem-Solving Training Program and Reasoning Skill Training Program respectively― for the purpose of improving these skills, and to test the effectiveness of these programs with college students. This study has shown the following facts : 1) It is necessary to teach the basic strategies for solving cognitive tasks of subject matters such as writing and mathematical problem for the purpose of improving thinking skills. 2) It is necessary to change the relatively general tendency in thinking process such as cognitive styles, in parallel with training of strategies. 3) Also, the training programs must consider indevidual defferences in activity parameters such as self-knowledge about problem solving, motivation, belief, etc. These facts seemed to imply the necessity of multi-dimensional approach to training the thinking skills.

두개저 골절에 대한 임상적 고찰

이용행,이상걸,김승진,김병준 대한신경외과학회 1993 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.22 No.10

65 consecutive patients with basal skull fracture admitted to Eul-Ji General Hospital, between March 1990 and March 1993 was carried out to study it's clinical and radiological presentations, complications, and outcomes. 1) Two thirds of the patients were between 20 and 40 years old and 82% were male. 2) 78% of the injuried were by traffic accidents and 17% were by fall down. 3) The outcomes of treatment were related to initial GCS(Glasgow coma scale) of the patients. 4) Clinical features were ear bleeding -54%, Racoon's eye -35%, hemotympaneum -32%, hearing loss -25%. 5) The combined lesions were skull fractures -43%, facial bone fractures -31%, subdural hematoma -19%, epidural hematoma -14%, and pneumocephalus -14%. 6) The combined cranial nerves injuried were facial nerve -32%, vestibulocochlear nerve -12%, oculomotor nerve -12%, abducens nerve -12%. 7) The location of basal skull fracture according to clinical feature and CT bone window were middle cranial fossa -54%, on anterior cranial fossa -22%, anterior and posterior cranial fossa -12%, posterior cranial fossa 12%. 8) Clinical features associated with types of petrous bone fractures were analyzed. 9) The time of onset and the degree of facial palsy had a influence on recovery of facial nerve function and the types of hearing loss had a role in recovery of hearing function. 10) CSF leakage were present in 16 cases and immediate type was more than delayed type. 11) Three patients(4.6%) developed meningitis, especially associated with CSF leakage and it's rate was higher when CSF leakage persisted over 1 week.

Methanol extract of Dioscoreae Rhizoma inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators in the synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis

Kim, Min-Jong,Kim, Ha-Na,Kang, Kyung-Sun,Baek, Nam-In,Kim, Dae-Keun,Kim, Young-Seol,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Jean, Byung-Hun WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

Dioscoreae Rhizoma (MDR), the root of Dioscorea tokoro MAKINO, has been used for the treatment of arthritis, muscular pain and urinary diseases in oriental medicine. The present work evaluates a methanol extract of Dioscoreae Rhizoma (MDR). MDR did not Show any cytotoxic effect an mouse lang fibroblast cells (mLFCs) or human fibroblast-like synovial cells (hFLSCs). However, it significantly reduced the proliferation of hFLSCs stimulated by interleukin-lbeta (IL-lβ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). MDR significantly inhibited the production of TNF-α and IL-β as well as down-regulating the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in IL-1β- and TNF-α-stimulated hFLSCs. MDR also effectively reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that MDR may be a candidate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

The Multifaceted Clinical Characteristics of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: From Pregnancy to Long-Term Outcomes

Kim Yejin,Kim Yoo-min,Kim Doo Ri,Kim Han Gyeol,Sung Ji-Hee,Choi Suk-Joo,Oh Soo-young,Kim Yae-Jean,Chang Yun Sil,Kim Dongsub,Kim Jung-Sun,Moon Il Joon,Roh Cheong-Rae 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.32

Background: The aim of this study was to capture multifaceted clinical characteristics of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection from diagnosis to treatment using a multidisciplinary approach including obstetrics, pediatrics, pathology, and otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Methods: This is a retrospective study including 30 consecutive cases of congenital CMV infection that were diagnosed at a single tertiary hospital located in Seoul, Korea from January 2009 to December 2020. Congenital CMV infection was defined as a positive result by polymerase chain reaction from urine, saliva or cerebrospinal fluid or positive CMV IgM from neonatal blood sampled within 3 weeks after birth. All cases were analyzed with respect to whole clinical characteristics from diagnosis to treatment of congenital CMV by a multidisciplinary approach including prenatal sonographic findings, maternal immune status regarding CMV infection, detailed placental pathology, neonatal clinical manifestation, auditory brainstem response test, and antiviral treatment (ganciclovir or valganciclovir). Long-term outcomes including developmental delay and hearing loss were also investigated. Results: The total number of births during the study period in our institution was 19,385, with the prevalence of congenital infection estimated to be 0.15%. Among 30 cases of congenital CMV, the median gestational age at delivery was 32.2 weeks [range, 22.6–40.0] and 66.7% of these infants were delivered preterm at less than 37 weeks. Suspected fetal growth restriction was the most common prenatal ultrasound finding (50%) followed by ventriculomegaly (17.9%) and abnormal placenta (17.9%), defined as thick placenta with calcification. No abnormal findings on ultrasound examination were observed in one-third of births. Maternal CMV serology tests were conducted in only 8 cases, and one case each of positive and equivocal IgM were found. The most common placental pathologic findings were chronic villitis (66.7%) and calcification (63.0%), whereas viral inclusions were identified in only 22.2%. The most common neonatal manifestations were jaundice (58.6%) followed by elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (55.2%) and thrombocytopenia (51.7%). After excluding cases for which long-term outcomes were unavailable due to death (n = 4) or subsequent follow up loss (n = 3), developmental delay was confirmed in 43.5% of infants (10/23), and hearing loss was confirmed in 42.9% (9/21) during the follow-up period. In our cohort, 56.7% (17/30) of neonates were treated for congenital CMV with ganciclovir or valganciclovir. Conclusion: Our data show that prenatal findings including maternal serologic tests and ultrasound have limited ability to detect congenital CMV in Korea. Given that CMV is associated with high rates of developmental delay and hearing loss in infants, there is an urgent need to develop specific strategies for the definite diagnosis of congenital CMV infection during the perinatal period by a multidisciplinary approach to decrease the risks of neurologic impairment and hearing loss through early antiviral treatment.

HBV Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody (GC1102) for Liver Transplantation &Chronic Hepatitis B Treatment

KIM Se-Ho,SHIN Yong-Won,RYOO Kyung-Hwan,SEO Dong-Hyuck,HONG Kwang-Won,CHANG Ki-Hwan,BONG Ki-Tae,CHO Se-Jin,HONG Dong-Ho,KIM Jean-Man,KIM Jean-Man,PAIK Sang-Hoon 大韓藥學會 2009 大韓藥學會 總會 및 學術大會 Vol.2009 No.2

Inflammation promotes synucleinopathy propagation

Kim Tae-Kyung,Bae Eun-Jin,Jung Byung Chul,Choi Minsun,Shin Soo Jean,Park Sung Jun,Kim Jeong Tae,Jung Min Kyo,Ulusoy Ayse,Song Mi-Young,Lee Jun Sung,Lee He-Jin,Di Monte Donato A.,Lee Seung-Jae 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-

The clinical progression of neurodegenerative diseases correlates with the spread of proteinopathy in the brain. The current understanding of the mechanism of proteinopathy spread is far from complete. Here, we propose that inflammation is fundamental to proteinopathy spread. A sequence variant of α-synuclein (V40G) was much less capable of fibril formation than wild-type α-synuclein (WT-syn) and, when mixed with WT-syn, interfered with its fibrillation. However, when V40G was injected intracerebrally into mice, it induced aggregate spreading even more effectively than WT-syn. Aggregate spreading was preceded by sustained microgliosis and inflammatory responses, which were more robust with V40G than with WT-syn. Oral administration of an anti-inflammatory agent suppressed aggregate spreading, inflammation, and behavioral deficits in mice. Furthermore, exposure of cells to inflammatory cytokines increased the cell-to-cell propagation of α-synuclein. These results suggest that the inflammatory microenvironment is the major driver of the spread of synucleinopathy in the brain.