동종 조혈모세포이식 후 발생한 치명적 홍역 폐렴 1예

백창렬,이동건,최정현,정현화,조유경,박훈준,이승훈,박윤희,이교영,민우성,김춘추,신완식 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.4

As a result of the enlarging pool of unvaccinated children and young adults, there has been an increase in measles in our countries. In these situation, it has been reported that measles associated pneumoinia is easily complicated with fatal respiratory failure, espycially in immunocompromised patients. Herein we report the case of lethal measles pneumonia after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adults proven by autopsy. Recently, one case of measles was encountered in 39-year-old female patients after allogenic bone marrow transplanted case (chronic myelogenous leukemia), who progressed into interstitial pneumonia pattern, despite treatment including antibiotics, immunoglobulin. The patient died of giant cell pneumonia compatible with that of measles which was comfirmed in the section of necropsy lung specimen. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:301∼309, 2001)

체성 연부 조직에 생긴 평활근육종: 1예 보고

이경지 ( Kyung Ji Lee ),이안희 ( An Hi Lee1 ),김진아 ( Jea Na Kim ),김형민 ( Hyoung Min Kim ),이교영 ( Kyo Young Lee ) 대한임상종양학회 2009 Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol.5 No.2

체성 연부 조직에 생기는 평활근육종은 매우 드물다. 66세 남자 환자가 방사선 소견상 경계가 좋은 양성 종양이 의심되어 절제술을 시행 받았다. 육안조직소견상 경계가 좋은 둥근 종괴이나, 현미경 소견에서 세포충실도가 증가되고 부분적으로 중증도의 핵이형성을 보였다. 또한 면역조직화학염색상 Smooth muscle actin과 Desmin에 동시에 양성이어 평활근세포 기원으로 생각되었다. 저자들은 괴사가 없고 유사분열은 단 한 개만이 관찰되었으나 중증도의 핵이형성을 보였기에 평활근육종으로 진단한 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Leiomyosarcoma of somatic soft tissue is a rare tumor compared with retroperitoneal lesion. We report a case of a leiomyosarcoma of the somatic soft tissue in a 66-year-old man. He presented as an enlarging mass in the left thigh for eight months. Radiologic examinations revealed a well defined round mass, suspicious of benign tumor, such as hemangioma or leiomyoma. He underwent surgical resection. The mass was 3.0 cm in diameter, and it was confined within adductor longus muscle without any connection to adjacent neurovascular bundles. Histologic examination showed moderately cellularity and focal marked atypia with a fascicular growth pattern of spindle cells showing blunt ended nuclei. In addition, the proliferation index was 2~3% by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody MIB-1. But only one definite microscopic mitotic feature was found. Although it showed low mitotic activity without necrosis, this case was diagnosed leiomyosarcoma according to marked cellular atypism.

Sandblast 처리한 도재의 잔류응력 평가

이은영,김교한 대한치과기재학회 1998 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.25 No.3

To evaluate the residual stress in porcelain surfaces by three different pressures, fracture toughness by indentation microfracture method, and shear bond strength of bonded porcelain-resin specimens were measured. The values of residual stress calculated from fracture toughness determined by the indentation microfracture method were increased with the increasing of sandblasting pressure of 7 ㎏f/㎠ showed the lowest shear bond strength, but there were no significant difference among the three groups at the 95% confidence level. It was observed that the surface condition was irregular and sharp. The experimental group sandblasted by the pressure of 3 ㎏f/㎠ showed mostly a separation between porcelain-resin interface with crack propagation inside the porcelain, while the experimental group sandblasted by the pressure of 7 ㎏f/㎠ showed porcelain cohesive fractures. As a result, the residual stress was generated by sandblasting in the porcelain surface, and this residual stress seemed to determine the failure types of bonded porcelain-resin specimens.

IMT-2000 망에서의 Layered Cell 전송 성능해석 모델

이영교,정해원,최충열,조성준 한국항공대학교 1997 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

본 논문은 ATM 기반의 layered 셀 구조를 적용한 Mobile Trunking에 사용되는 AAL type 2 프로토콜에 대해 설명했다. AAL type 2는 지연에 민감한 어플리케이션에 있어서 길이가 짧고, 패킷 길이가 변동하며, 저속도인 데이터 전송에 대한 대역폭 효율을 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 짧은 길이의 패킷에 대한 프레임 구조와 이를 하나 또는 그 이상의 ATM셀에 다중화 시키는 방식과 전송에러를 복구하는 기능 등에 대해서도 설명했고, 통계적 다중화의 효율, 지연, 채널전송효율 등을 해석하기 위한 큐잉 모델도 제안했다. 그리고, 미니셀 패킷화 지연 및 layered셀로 다중화되는 미니셀의 다중화 효율 등을 산출했고, layered셀 구조를 사용할 경우 예측되는 전송효율을 알아보았다. 여기서 전송속도는 ATM기반의 45Mbps에서 155Mbps사이의 경우를 고려하였다. 전송효율의 관점에서는 layered셀 방식이 고정 길이 셀 방식보다 효율적임을 알 수 있었다. 끝으로, 이를 국내 IMT-2000환경에 적용하기 위한 성능해석 모델과 파라미터를 제시하고 트렁크 용량을 해석했다. In this paper, we explaned the protocol of AAL type 2 used in the Mobile Trunking which has the layered cell structure based on ATM. These AAL type 2 provides the bandwidth-efficient transmission of low-rate, short, and variable length packets in delay sensitive applications. This paper covers the frame structure of the short legnth packets, the packing of those into one(or more) ATM cells, and the mechanisms to recover from transmission errors. Also, we proposed queueing model to analyse the efficiency of statistical multiplexing, delay time, channel transmission efficiency. And we calculated short cell packetization delay and short cell multiplexing into layered cells, and measured transmission efficiency to predict the layered cell structure schemes. Here we set the transmission line speed(trunking) at the between 45Mbps to 155Mbps, which are the future services bsed on ATM. From the viewpoint of transmision efficiency, layered cell shcemes is revealed to be more useful than fixed length cell schemes. Finally, we applied the proposed queueing model to the domestic IMT-2000 systems and we analysed the performance of trunk capacity.

유화 Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Rubber (CSM)의 제조 및 특성 연구

이은경,최교창,최세영 한국고무학회 2005 엘라스토머 및 콤포지트 Vol.40 No.1

본 연구에서는 CSM 에멀젼의 물성을 향상시키고자 금속성 가교제인 magnesium carbonate 및 calcium hydroxide를 첨가하여 가교밀도, 열적특성, 표면자유에너지 그리고 인장강도, 파단신율 및 인열강도 특성을 고찰하였다, 금속성 가교제인 magnesium carbonate 및 calcium hydroxide 양이 증가함에 따라 CSM 에멀젼 필름은 가교밀도는 증가하였고, 이에 내수성과 T_(g) 값도 증가하였다. 금속성 가교제로 magnesium carbonate를 첨가하였을 때 calcium hydroxide에 비해서 다소 높은 가교밀도와 T_(g) 값을 보였다. 하지만 CSM 에멀젼 필름의 표면에너지 및 기계적 특성들은 다소 다른거동을 보였다 Magnesium carbonate 0.75% 그리고 calcium hydroxide 1.0% 첨가한 경우가 가장 높은 표면 자유에너지 값과 인장강도 및 인열강도를 보였으나, 그 이상의 양을 첨가하였을 경우에는 오히려 감소함을 확인하였다. 그러므로 본 연구에서 CSM 에멀젼의 물성을 향상시키는데 적용되는 금속성 가교제로서 calcium hydroxide 보다 magnesium carbonate가 더 적당하며, 0.75% 첨가하였을 때 보다 향상된 물성을 얻을 수 있었다. In this work. magnesium carbonate and calcium hydroxide as metallic crosslinking agent were added to chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber (CSM) emulsion to enhance the mechanical properties of emulsion film such as tensile strength. elongation at break, and tear strength and crosslinking density. thermal features, and surface energy were also investigated. Crosslinking density of the CSM emulsion film with increasing the amount of magnesium carbonate and calcium hydroxide increased. leading to the enhancement of water resistance. It was shown that compared with calcium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate had a little higher crosslinking density and To value. The surface energy and mechanical characteristics of the CSM emulsion film, however, showed somewhat different behaviors. The highest surface energy. tensile strength. and tear strength were observed when 0.75° o for magnesium carbonate and 1.0° o for calcium hydroxide were added respectively. Therefore. it can be concluded that as metallic crosslinking agent to improve water resistance and mechanical properties of the CSM emulsion, magnesium carbonate is more preferable to calcium hydroxide

혼합 가스 열량의 지능적 제어 기법

이해영,전재영,김교형 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 1998 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.26 No.2

This paper presents a fuzzy control algorithm which manipulates the calorie of a mixed gas generated by combining two kinds of gases to a specified target value. A suggested fuzzy control algorithm is functionally divided into two groups. The first is a feedback control function which eliminates error between the target value and output value of a mixed gas calorie by analyzing a measured output value of a mixed gas calorie. The second is a predictive or feed forward control function which reduces anticipated such calorie error by investigating variation patterns of quantity and calorie of a gas to be mixed. In order to show the validity of proposed in this paper, computer simulations are performed for three cases with the features of varying quantity and calorie. Computer simulation results show that mixed gas calorie is well controlled for each case.

都市 土地政策의 改善方向에 관한 硏究

李英敎 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1985 연구논문집 Vol.31 No.1

Land itself is a gift of natural resources given to human beings together with airs and waters. All the land problem on occuring on land is, therefore,concentrated on this conflict concept;between preservation as a comfortable space of life evin though it is limited and development which shoule be proptionally and efficiency. Accomplishing the rapid economical development based on growth-oriented policy from the 1960',our country made a so rapid progress on urbanization, industrialization,increase in population and centralization to large cities that land problem became more serious after it had come to the front as a political and social problems. We must try to find soltions to this problem as a defferent aspects compared to the relatively good land circumstanves'country,because our country is situated on a limited land and top level of popultion density n world. First, precaution on disorderly development and on external expansion of city resulted from centralzation of population and industries is necessary. And pre-vention of waste and destruction on natural environment by balancing develop-ment and preservation must be followed. Second, prevention of skyrocketiong land costs resulted from speculation and cornering of land and subsequent bad influeces resulted from sudden rises of land costs must be made and prohibited . And also,securing of stable and pro-portional tilization and development on lands must be followed in the long term's sense. Third, the thoughts of promoting the public welfare must be implanted to the people and securing of economical efficiency on limited land resources is important. Land, as a space for fndamental life, is not only belonging to our own but also eternal property which must be descended to our posterity. So, I would like to suggest for improvement of present problematic land policies as follow;①Fundamental blockade is necessary for speculative transac tions on urban land. ②Promoting the preservation of natural resources and the efficiency of land utilization. ③Promoting the social restoration of development profits and also promoting the auto-propulsion of city construction at a low cost. At the same time, Betterment be directed to lubriate the house supply. And means of policy are as follows; ①Making public ownership for urban land is necessary and it must be to establish special law for it's reasonable management. ②Not only unify and readjust on present various land-related laws, but also establish or appoint the organizaton which will take exclusive responsibilty of land management, By doing so, the basic prolem on land development, that was suggested in the all-ot program for land development on land resources, for example,①overcome the restriction ②promote the efficiency ③promote the publicity ④harmonize development with preservation, I must say, will be accomplished and settled.

AAL2(AAL type 2)를 적용한 UMTS 핵심망에서 Timer_CU의 동적제어 알고리즘

이영교 부천대학 2002 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

본 논문에서는 유무선 통신이 연동되는 UMTS 시스템의 핵심망에서 음성을 효율적으로 전송하는 AAL2 프로토콜을 설명한다. 특히, UMTS 시스템에 적용된 AAL2(AAL type 2)에서, Timer_CU의 초기 설정 값에 영향을 받는 지연특성을 개선하기 위한 Timer_CU 동적 제어 알고리즘을 제안한다. Padding cell 발생량에 비례하여 Timer_CU를 제어하는 제안알고리즘은 링크 효율에는 영향을 주지 않으면서 AAL2 전송 지연을 감소한다. 시뮬레이션 결과에 따르면, Timer_CU를 동적으로 제어하는 것이 고정 Timer_CU을 사용하는 것보다 모든 부하에서 지연을 감소하며, 링크 효율은 거의 동일함을 알 수 있었다. 본 논문의 결과는 향후 IMT-2000 시스템이 본격적으로 서비스될 때, 음성 트래픽의 성능향상에 적용할 수 있다. In this paper, we explained the AAL2 protocol of efficient voice transmission in the UMTS core network for interworking with wired and wireless communication. Particularly, in the UMTS system using AAL2 protocol, we proposed the dynamic Timer_CU control algorithm that enhances the delay characteristic by initial Timer_CU value The proposed algorithm Timer_CU control with proportion of the amount of padding cell reduces AAL2 transmission delay with no effect the link efficiency. Result from simulation, dynamic Timer_CU control algorithm is more decrease than fixed Timer_CU control algorithm, which both them are similar to link efficiency. In the future, when the IMT-2000 systems serve in earnest, this paper results are applied to performance elevation of voice traffic.

가교 폴리스티렌 입자가 불포화 폴리에스테르 수지의 수축저감에 미치는 효과

이기중,이상영,인교진 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2000 석재연 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

본 연구에서는 불포화 폴리에스테르 수지의 수축저감제의 용도로 가교 폴리스티렌 입자를 제조하고, 불포화 폴리에스테르의 부피죽소에 미치는 영향 및 그 물성을 연구하였다. 가교 폴리스티렌 입자의 가교체로서 divinylbenzene을 사용하였으며, 스티렌 모노머에 대하여 0wt%, 1wt%, 3wt%의 비율로 첨가한 후 유화중합방법으로 입자를 제조하였다. ASTM 규격을 응용한 linear shrinkage method를 이용하여 길이변화율 및 부피수축율을 측정하였다. 수축저감효과는 1wt%의 가교체를 사용하여 제조한 폴리스티렌 입자가 가장 우수하였으며, 가교제가 3wt%함유된 입자의 경우 1wt%에 비해 수축저감 효과가 낮게 나타났다. 또한 수축저감 메카니즘을 규명하기 위하여 SEM, TEM을 이용하여 구조물성을 보았다. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of low profile agents(LPAs) on volume shrinkage of unsaturated polyester(UP) resins. The properties of UP resins containing LPAs is also studied. Emulsion polymerization was performed to synthesis cross-linked PS particles that contain 0, 1, 3 wt% divinylbenzene as a cross-linking agent. Length change and volume shrinkage of the cured resin was measured by linear shrinkage method after small modification of ASTM D2566-86 standard. Three types of LPAs e.g., solution type LPA, particle type commercial LPA, and particle type LPA prepared in this study were used. the mixtures of UP resin with each LPA were transferred into a mold and cured at 150℃ for 3 minutes in a hot press. the UP resins containing particle type LPA with 1wt% cross-linking agent showed the best anti-shrinkage effect in this study. However, anti-shrinkage effect of the UP resins decreased when the content of cross-linking agent in LPA increased to 3wt%. This effect was related with the diffusion ability of solvent molecules into the particles. And Morphology of the cured UP resins was investigated by SEM and TEM. Microvoids and phase separation morphology that are with anti-shrinkage effect were observed in the electron micrographs.

그레이브스 병 치료 후 재발 위험 인자에 관한 연구

이영창,유명희,윤석기,변동원,서교일,김극배 순천향의학연구소 1998 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.4 No.2

연구 배경 : 그레이브스 병에 대한 항갑상선제 치료후 적절한 치료 여부 평가 및 재발 위험성을 예측하기 위하여 여러 가지 예후 판정 인자들이 연구되어 왔으며, 이러한 인자들 중 TRH(thyrotropin-releasing hormone) 자극 시험이 가장 믿을 만한 검사중에 하나로 알려져 있다. 그러나 TRH 자극 검사가 정상으로 나와도 재발하는 경우가 많으며, 현재로는 이러한 경우에 재발을 예측하는 예후 인자에 대한 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 금번 연구에서는 TRH 자극 시험 후 TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone)가 정상적인 반응을 보인 환자를 대상으로 재발 및 관해여부를 예측할 수 있는 인자들을 찾고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 항갑상선제제 치료 종료후 TRH 자극 시험을 시행하였던 그레이브스 병 환자 총 84명 중, 정상적인 TSH 반응을 보이면서 1년 이상 추적 관찰이 가능하였던 32명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 처음 진단 시와 치료 종료 시에 T3(triiodothyronine), T4(thyroxine), T3/T4 비, TSH, TRAb, Anti-TPO Ab(anti-thyroperoxidase antibody)를 측정하였으며, 치료 종료 2개월후에는 TRH 자극 검사를 하여 TSH 증가폭(△TSH) 및 유리 T_(3) 증가폭(△FT_(3))을 구하였다. 모든 측정치는 평균±표준편차로 표시하였으며, SPSS software를 이용하여 Student's paired t-test, chi-square test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test를 시행하였고, 유의 수준 0.05 이하를 통계적으로 유의하다고 판단하였다. 결과 1) 총 32명의 환자 중 재발한 환자(Group Ⅰ)는 22명(69%) 이었으며, 재발한 환자(Group Ⅱ)는 10명(31%) 이었다. 2) 진단 초기 총T3 치는 Ⅰ 군에서 342.0±126.2ng/dl, Ⅱ 군에서 493.0 ±142.2 ng/dl로 Ⅱ군에 비해 유의하게 증가되었다(p<0.05). 3) Anti-TPO Ab는 Ⅰ군에서 2.9±4.4, Ⅱ군에서 22.3±22.3 U/mL로 나타나 Ⅱ군에서 유의하게 증가되었다.(p<0.05) 4) 양군에서 치료 종료후 재발시 대부분의 환자가 1년 이내에 재발하였다. 5) TRH 자극· 검사후 유리 T3 증가폭 및 TSH 증가폭은 양군간에 차이가 업ㅅ었다(1.5±0.9 vs 1.2±1.0 pmol/L, 12.54±7.56 vs 11.23±4.21 mU/L, p>0.05) 결론 : TRH 자극 검사후 정상적인 TSH 반응을 보인 환자에서 재발 및 관해여부를 치료 초기 T3 및 치료 종료시 Anti-TPO Ab로 예측할 수 있었으며, 이들 측정치가 증가해 있을수록 재발의 가능성이 많음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 투약 중단후 초기 12개원의 추적기간 동안 관해가 유지되면 그 이후엔 재발의 가능성이 현저히 줄어 들었으며, 이 후 좀더 많은 환자들을 대상으로 하는 장기적인 추적연구가 진행 되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. Background : Many studies were undertaken to find parameters that could predict the clinical course of patients with Graves' disease after withdrawal of antithyroid drugs. In many parameters, TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) stimulation test and T3 suppression test were considered to be one of the most reliable for predicting remission. But recently, some studies showed that the measurement of free T3 and FT3 are to be a more accurate than other thyroid function test. In this study, we measured T_(3), T_(4), T_(3)/T_(4), TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), TRAb (TSH receptor antibody), FT3 and other known useful parameters to compare the factors influencing the relapse of Graves disease after antithyroid medication. Patients and methods : Among the 84 Graves' disease patients who had done the TRH stimulation test after withdrawal of antithyroid medication, we examined 32 patients who showed normal TSH response and followed up more than one year. T_(3), T_(4), T_(3)/T_(4), TSH and TRAb levels were measured at the time of diagnosis and at the end of therapy. Serum TSH and FT_(3) levels were measured after TRH stimulation, after two months of withdrawal of medication. Statistical evaluation was Performed by SPSS software in combination with Student's Paired t-test, chi-square test, Wlicoxon signed-ranks test. p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results 1. In the 32 patients with Graves disease, 10 patients(31%) relapsed(Group Ⅰ) and 22 Patients(69%) remained in remission(Group Ⅱ). 2. Initial serum T3 level was significantly higher in group Ⅰ than group Ⅱ(342.0 ±126.2 vs. 493.0±142.2 ng/dl, p<0.05). 3. Anti-TPO Ab level was significantly higher in group Ⅰ than group Ⅱ(22.3±22.3 vs 2.9±4.4 U/mL, p<0.05). 4. In group Ⅰ and Ⅱ most patients showed relapse within 1 year after antithyroid medication. 5. After TRH stimulation test, serum FT_(3), and TSH level were not significantly different between group I and Ⅱ(p>0.05). 6. Serum T_(4), T_(3)/T_(4), TSH, TRAb levels were not significantly different from group Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Conclusion : In this study, we found increased relapse rate in the patients with Graves' disease whose initial serum T3 and anti-TPO Ab levels were high, so these parameters could be used to predict the relapse of Graves' disease. In the case of more than 12 months remission period after withdrawal of antithyroid medication, no relapse wsa observed in this study, but study should be done in the large population of patients with Graves' disease.