Science and Marxism

Kim, Jong Hwa 덕성여자대학교 사회과학연구소 2004 사회과학연구 Vol.10 No.-

Scrutiny라는 계간 저널은 1932년에 창설되었는데, Cambridge 대학의 Leavis 등을 중심으로 지식인들의 토론 광장으로서의 역할을 수행하였다. 이 연구는 Scrutiny가 다른 주제와 관심사를 Scrutiny와 그에 대한 비판론자들(마르크스주의자들)의 관점에서 과학과 Marxism에 대한 명제를 중심으로 점검해 보았다. 과학과 마르크스주의 관계에 대한 주제는 Scrutiny에서 핵심적 과제로 다루어 졌는데, Scrutiny와 마르크스주의자들의 충돌은 그 저널이 마르크스주의에 개입하면서 시발되었고, 마르크스주의자들은 Scrutiny를 역사적·이념적 궤도 속으로 몰아넣으면서 비판하였다. 마르크스주의자들은 특히 Scrutiny의 정치적 요소 고려에 대한 소홀함이 여러 측면에서 불균형적 논리전개를 표출하고 현실성을 간과하였다고 지적하였다. Scrutiny는 문화의 중요성을 강조하면서 본질적으로 生의 질을 순전히 물질적 개념으로 접근하는 공리주의에 반대하는 입장이었다. 즉 Leavis 등 Scrutiny 편집자들은 생의 질을 논하는데 있어서 물질적 측면과 정신적 측면을 포괄적으로 고려하지 않으면 의미가 없다고 주장하였다. 한걸음 더 나아가, Scrutiny가 중시하는 문화란 사회변혁과 산업화로 파괴된다고 봄으로써 분명히 과학과 실용주의적 요소를 결여하게 되었고 결과적으로는 마르크스주의자들의 Scrutiny에 대한 비판도 여기에 초점이 맞추어져 있다. 생각건대 Scrutiny의 정치·사회적 문제에 대한 문화적·도덕적 관행설정으로 Scrutiny가 문화적 엘리트주의에 빠져 문화적 편중접근이라는 비난을 면하기 어렵지만, 도덕적 기준에서 보면 깊이 있게 과학과 마르크스주의를 통찰한 점은 높이 평가 되어야 할 것으로 보여진다.

해도 정보를 이용한 선박의 최적 항로 생성

김민규(Min-Kyu Kim),김종화(Jong-Hwa Kim),양현(Hyun Yang) 한국항해항만학회 2022 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2

Min-Kyu Kim*․Jong-Hwa Kim**․†최근 자율 운항 선박에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 특히, MUNIN (Maritime Unmanned Navigation through Intelligence in Networks) 프로젝트를 계기로 자율 운항 선박에 대한 개발과 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 또한 국제해사기구 IMO는 자율 운항 선박 시대에대응하기 위해 자율 선박을 MASS (Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship)라 정의하고 선박 자율화 정도에 따라 4단계 등급을 제시하고 있다. 완전한 자율 운항 선박에 대한 요구조건을 만족하기 위해서는 항로 결정과 제어기술이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 기술 중 선박의최적경로를 생성하는 기법을 다룬다. 기존에 최적항로를 생성하기 위한 방법으로는   , Dijkstra와 같은 알고리즘들이 주로 사용되었다. 그러나 이와 같은 알고리즘은 섬이나 육지에 대한 충돌 회피는 고려하고 있지만 수심 및 연안 선박에 대한 규정들은 고려하지 않고 있어실제로 적용하기에는 한계점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 안전을 위해 선박의 선저 여유 수심과, 해도에 규정되어 있는 선박 운항에 대한여러 규정들을 반영하여 최적 항로를 생성하고자 한다. 최적 항로를 생성하기 위한 알고리즘으로는 강화학습 기반의 Q-learning 알고리즘을적용하였다.

Failure with Strain Localization of Aluminum Alloy 7075 Sheets at Elevated Temperature and its Application to Two-Step Hybrid Forming

Jong‑Hwa Hong,Hyunki Kim,Wonjae Kim,Yong‑Nam Kwon,Daeyong Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.4

In this work, the onset of failure induced by severe strain at elevated temperature was numerically estimated with crossformedempirical hardening law describing material softening. The hardening law can replicate the rate-sensitive behaviorof aluminum alloy 7075 sheets (thickness of 2.0 mm) with initial hardening and progressive material deterioration causedby dynamic recrystallization, dynamic recovery, and micro-void development. The characterized material was applied to thetwo-step hybrid forming process consisting of a drawing at 400 °C followed by a pneumatic forming at 470 °C to produce ashock absorber housing with an extremely complex shape. The user-defined subroutine codes, VUMAT (ABAQUS/Explicit)and UMAT (ABAQUS/Standard), were sequentially utilized for the drawing and the pneumatic forming, respectively. Theidentified hardening parameters based on uniaxial tensile tests were validated by simulating the two-step hybrid formingprocess and compared with the conventional Voce type law (converging function) and the combined Swift-Voce type law(ever-increasing function) since they play a key role in accurately predicting the onset of failure induced by severe strainlocalization. Finally, simulation results are reasonably well matched with experiments in terms of the moment of failureoccurrence, failure location, final blank shape, and thickness distribution.

CD34+ 조혈 모세포 이식 2례

김정아,정현식,김원석,윤성수,이홍기,박찬형,박성규,김동욱,이종욱,한치화,민우성,김춘추,김동집 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1996 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Background: In most solid tumors, the CD34 antigen has not been detected, so positive selection of CD34+ cells may reduce tumor cell contamination and the CD34+ cells are capable of reconstituting hematopoiesis. We tried CD34+ cell transplantation in two patients. Method: CD34+ cells from chemotherapy + G-CSF mobilized PBPCs or bone marrow were positively selected with an avidin-biotin immunoadsorption column (CEPRATE SC system). Case 1. One course of chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide(200㎎/㎡) and etoposide (4.2g/㎡), combined with G-CSF(5㎍/㎏) S.C. was used in a relapsed lymphoma patient. This patient responded to the induction chemotherapy. CD34+ cells from harvested bone marrow were selected by the CellPro immunoadsorption column. The total number of mononuclear cells loaded onto the CellPro was 2.4×10^(8)/㎏, with 1.1% CD34+ cells. After column separation, the total number of positively selected cells was 5.16×10^(6)/㎏. The number of CFU-GM was 76.8×10⁴/㎏. This patient was treated with melphalan (140㎎/㎡) and TBI (1200cGy) and the positively selected CD34+ cells were infused. The time to neutrophil recovery greater than 0.5×10^(9)/L was 19 days and the time to platelet recovery greater than 50×10^(9)/L was 21 days. Case 2. Two courses of mobilizing chemotherapy were given 4 weeks apart using taxol(210㎎/m2) and adriamycin(60㎎/m2), combined with G-CSF(5㎍/㎏) S.C. in a breast cancer patients with 7 axillary node metastasis. CD34+ cells from each single leukapheresis product were selected by the CellPro immunoadsorption column. In the first collection, the total number of nucleated cells was 4.4×10^(8)/kg, with 0.42% CD34+ cells. In the second collection, the total number of nucleated cell was 2.8× 10^(8)/㎏ with 0.43% CD34+ cells. After colum separation, the total numbers of collected cells were 4.0×106/kg and 4.8×10^(6)/kg, the total number of CD34+ cells were 1.2×10^(6)/㎏ and 0.82×10^(6)/㎏. Colonogenic assays of positively selected CD34+ cells gave rise to myeloid erythroid, and multilineage colonies, with a median of 190 CFU-GM, 190 BFU-E, and 164 CFU-GEMM per 1×10³ adsorbed cells, respectively. High-dose chemotherapy with cumulative doses of 40mg/㎡ mitoxantrone, 750mg/㎡ thioptepa, and 1000mg/㎡ carboplatin was administered. Positively selected CD34+ cells were rapidly infused 24 hours after the end of high-dose chemotherapy. The time to neutrophil recovery greater than 0.5×10^(9)/L was 16 days and the time to platelet recovery greater than 50×10^(9)/L was 20 days.

중학생의 구강보건행태가 치아우식증에 미치는 영향 : focusing on O middle school students in Suwon 수원시 O 중학교 학생을 중심으로

김선숙,장종화 韓國學校保健學會 2000 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.13 No.2

The following results were obtained after data adjustment and analysis of a study consisting of self-writing, of oral check-ups and questionnaires of 356 students of the O middle school in Suwon in June of 2000. The purpose of this study was to discover the effects of the dental health types of middle school students on dental caries and to understand the specific teeth of dental health types due to educational experience. Based on such data, we want to develop a desirable educational program for middle school dental heath. 1. The DMFT index was higher in females (0.75+4.39) than males(4.99+3.67), so there was a significant difference(p=0.000) 2. The DMFT index increased from the ages of 12 (4.69+3.90), 13 (5.69+3.67), 14 (6.18+4.39) and 15(6.98+4.08) and were significantly different (p=0.011). 3. There was no difference in the DMFT index regarding the method of brushing, educational experience for dental health, oral hygiene index and plaque index in dental health types. Yet, the more snack-eating increased, the higher the DMFT index increased; thus, there was found a significant difference (p=0.006). The more fluoride use increased, the lower the DMFT index; thus, there was a significant difference (p=0.048). As for the self-awareness index of dental health, the ones who answered positively had a DMFT index of 2.14+1.83 and those who answered negatively had a DMFT index of 7.09+3.94; thus, there was a significant difference (p=0.000). 4. For those who had had educational experience in dental health, a rolling method was used in brushing, and the frequency of fluoride use was high; the self-awareness index of dental health was high as well.

양성 및 음성 정신분열병 아형에서 사고의 정신병리적 특성에 관한 비교연구

김종숙,함웅,홍광화 대한신경정신의학회 1994 신경정신의학 Vol.33 No.3

The authors have studied the content and severity of thought disorder between the subjects of the positive and negative subtypes of schizophrenia. It's hypothetical ground is that the positive and negative subtypes of schizophrenics might bear highly significant differences in the pathogenesis, pathophysiology, psychopathology, also therapeutic and prognostic terms. In that regards, the author reported the neuropsychological significance in differentiating the two subtypes from each other, such that the negative subtype showed the worse function in the short-term recall against the auditory stimuli than the positive. To comparatively analyze the content and severity of thought disorder between the two subtypes, the authors utilized the Thought Discorder Index(TDI) scores and Holt's scale of the primary process thinking content. The results were as follows: 1) The total score of TDI as a whole, showed somewhat more thought disorder in the positive subtype subjects than the negative, though this failed to reach the statistical significance. In 0.75 level of TDI, the positive subtype subjects showed statistically significantly worse thought disorder than the negative. 2) In the comparative study of the primary process thinking content, the positive subtype subjects showed degree in the aggressive content but lower degree in the anxiety content than the negative subtype subjects with statistical significance. 3) In the correlation study, 0.5 level of TDI correlated with the libidinal content of the primary process with blunted affect and the aggressive content with lack of spontaneity and flow of conversation. The above result might suggest that the positive subtype of schizophrenia demonstrated more severe thought disorder, if we regard that responses scored at the 0.75 level of TDI represent clear thought disturbances. The negative subtype of schizophrenia tends to possess higher anxious and libidinal content of the primary process thinking.

원자로압력용기장 용접열영향부의 미세조직 변화가 Magnetic Barkhausen Noise 거동에 미치는 영향

김주학,윤의박,문종걸,박덕근,홍준화 韓國非破壞檢査學會 1998 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.18 No.4

최근 자기적 특성의 변화가 재료의 미세조직적 상태에 민감하다는 보고가 있다. 재료의 미세조직은 상(phase), 결정립의 크기, 석출물 등의 다양한 인자로 구성되며, 본 연구에서는 이러한 인자들을 이용하여 재료의 특성과 Barkhausen noise(BN)의 관계를 연관시키기 위한 시도를 하였다. ASTM A 508 Gr.3 원자로압력용기강을 대상으로 용접열영향부의 미세조직적인 변화를 일곱가지 대표적인 영역으로 구분하였고, 각 영역에서의 미세조직과 기계적특성의 변화를 파악한 후, 각 조건별로 BN을 측정하였다. 통상의 보자력이나 잔류자화 같은 자기적 성질은 큰 변화가 없었지만, BN은 미세조직의 상태에 따라 현격한 변화를 보였다. 결정립과 석출물의 크기가 증가함에 따라 BN은 증가하였고, tempered martensite 보다는 tempered bainite 조직에서 높은 BN을 나타냈다. Recent study has demonstrated that some magnetic properties are sensitive to the microstructural state of material. The ASTM A 508 Gr. 3 reactor pressure vessel steel has various microstructural changes including martensitic and bainitic phases, and various sizes of grain and precipitates in the weld heat-affected zone (HAZ). To correlate the microstructural state with Barkhausen noise (BN), specimens were prepared through simulating various weld thermal cycles using a thermal simulator. The conventional magnetic properties, i.e. coercive force, remanence and maximum induction, did not change significantly. whereas the BN amplitude and energy during a magnetization cycle changed markedly with microstructural state. The BN increased with increasing grain and carbide sizes, and the tempered bainite structure showed higher BN parameter than tempered martensite.

삼중시기 나선형 CT를 이용한 간경변증 환자에서의 결절성 간세포암의 조영증강양상

김영화,윤종필,김형환,이상진,이혜경,김일영,장유진 순천향의학연구소 1996 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.2 No.2

We evaluated the contrast enhancement pattern of nodular hepatocelluar carcinoma in liver cirrhosis patients by using three phase spiral CT. We anlayzed 34 nodular hepatocelluar carcinonmas in 11 patients with liver cirrhosis. Three phase spiral CT were obtained at 30(arterial phase), 60(portal phase), 180seconds(delayed phase) after initiation of contrast injection in the rate of 3ml/sec. Nodules are classified according to size, as group A(below 1cm, n=11), group B(1 - 3cm, n=15), group C(above 3cm, n=8). Enhancement pattern of the nodule was analyzed comparing to normal liver parenchyme in each phase., as total high, central high, peripheral high, iso, low, mixed density. We also analyzed the detection rate of the nodules. As a whole the nodules show high density in arterial phase(76%), high density in portal phase(47%) and low density in delayed phase(56%). In group A, the nodules show high(100%) in arterial phase, iso(54%) or high (46%) in portal phase, iso(82%) in delayed phase. In group B, the nodules show high(100%) in arterial phase, high(74%) in portal phase, mixed (60%) in delayed phase. In group C, the nodules show mixed density in all three phase. The most common enhancement pattern in each group was high(arterial phase) - iso(portal phase) - low (delayed phase) in group A(6/11, 54%), high - high - low in group B (5/15, 33%), mixed - mixed - mixed in group C(5/8, 63%). The detection rate of the nodule was highest in arterial phase, and the usefulness of arterial phase comparing to portal or delayed phase was higher in smaller size. In conclusion, hepatocelluar carcinomas show different enhancement pattern according to the size on three phase spiral CT, and this may be helpful in diagnosis of them.

西海岸 中部 海藻相 및 群落調査 : Ⅱ. 保寧海域의 夏季 海藻相과 植生分析 Ⅱ. Summer Marine Algal Flora and Vegetative Analysis, Boryong Coast of Korea

金重來,李鐘和 群山大學校自然科學硏究所 1987 自然科學硏究 Vol.2 No.-

1. 本 調査地域에서 出現한 海藻類는 綠藻類 5種, 褐藻類 12種 및 紅藻類 27種으로 總 44種이고, 植生은 月島가 가장 豊富하고, 松島, 燈臺, 한여 및 가중구지의 順으로 貧弱하였다. 2. 優占種으로 出現한 種은 U. pertusa, P. siliquosa, S. confusum, C. okamurae이고, 亞優占種은 S. thunbergii, M. myagroides, S. horneri, G. amansii, C. crassicaulis이었다. 3. 種間 類似度는 70% 水準에서 內灣性種, 外洋性種, 內灣性과 外洋性의 混種 및 모자반類로 大別되었다. 4. 地域間 類似度는 85% 水準에서 潮間帶 上部群, 上·中部群, 中部群, 中·下部群 및 下部群으로 大別되었다. 5. 現存量은 燈臺 226.1g/㎡으로 가장 높고, 한여 168.9g/㎡ 月島 157.0g/㎡, 松島 140.4g/㎡, 가중구지의 順으로 낮았다. 6. 모자반類의 個體群은 濕重量에 對한 體長의 相對生長은 不等生長을 하고, 相對生長速度는 松島와 한여産이 높고, 月島와 燈臺産이 낮은 傾向을 보였다. On the marine algal community of summer season in the intertidal zone, mid-western coast of Korea, were investigated by the quadrat method at 5 localities, Songdo, Hanyeo, Woldo, Dungdae and Kajungguji, of Boryong coast in 1987. As a result, 44 species in total, 5 species of Chlorophyta, 12 species of Phaeophyta and 27 species of Rhodophyta, were identified. The representative dominant species of each stations are as follows, Ulva pertusa, Pelvetia siliquosa, Sargassum confusum, Caulacanthus okamurae and subdominant species were Sargassum thunbergii, Myagropsis myagroides, Sargassum horneri, Gelidium amansii, Chondria crassicaulis. According to the similarity 85% level of 20 stations revealed that the algal vegetation of vertical distribution can be clustered into the upper group, upper-middle group, middle group, middle-lower group and lower group, and similarity 70% level of 22 dominant species divided that the algal community can be clustered into the inland group, open sea group, mixed group of the inland and open sea species group and the Sargassum species group. The standing crops of biomass were low in order, at the Dungdae (226.1 g/m), Hanyeo(166.9 g/m), Woldo(157.0 g/m), Songdo(140.4 g/m) and Kajungguji(43.3 g/m), respectively. There was allometric relationships between length and wet weight of Sargassum populations represented by the unequal growth, the specific growth rates were higher at the Songdo and Hanyeo site than the Woldo and Dungdae site.

원적외선 광조사에 의한 도핑되지 않은 반절연성 GaAs의 광전류 전이와 열자극 전류

김화민,박승환,김종재,고석중,최병두 대구효성가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 1994 基礎科學硏究論集 Vol.1994 No.1

도핑되지 않은 반절연성 GaAs의 광전류 급냉과 열적 회복효과를 조사하기 위하여, 성장 방법이 다른 두개의 반절연성 GaAs시료에 대해 원적외선 영역(hv≤1.12eV)의 광조사에 의한 열자극 전류(TSC)스펙트럼들이 측정되었다. LEC방법에 의하여 성장된 As가 풍부한 반절연성 GaAs시료에 대한 50K에서의 광전류의 급냉 과정은 두 단계로 대별된다. 광전류 값이 최소가 되는 시간으로 전이시간 t_T를 정의할 때, (1) IR 광조사 시간 t<t_T이면, EL2(기저상태)→EL2^*(준안정상태) 전이에 의하여 광전류가 감소하고, (2)t>t_T이면, persistent photocurrent (PPC)효과에 의하여 광전류는 다시 증가하였다. 이러한 차이는 성장 방법과 조성비에 따른 잔류불순물의 농도가 광전류 변화에 영향을 준 때문으로 판단된다. 한편, 광조사 시간에 따른 TSC 피크들의 급냉과 급냉된 피크들의 열적 회복에 대한 온도 의존성은 EL2의 기저상태와 준안정 상태 간의 전이 또는 열적 회복과정과 거의 일치하였다. 따라서, 광전류의 급냉 전과 후에 각각 다른 형태로 관측되는 TSC스펙트럼 구조는 EL2 또는 EL2^*와 직접적인 관련을 갖는 트랩들의 분포에 의해 결정되고, 이 트랩들은 EL2-점결함 또는 EL2-잔류불순물로 형성된 complex에 의한 것으로 추론되었다. To study the photoquenching and thermal recovery effects in undoped semi- insulating (Sl) GaAs,the thermally stimulated current (TSCI) spectra, by illuminating infrared light (hv≤ 1.12 eV), are measured with two different Sl-GaAs samples, grown by the liquid-encapsulated Czochraski (LEC) and the horizontal bridgeman (HB) methods. In the As-riched Sl-GaAs sample by LEC method, the photo-current (I_ph) quenching process at 50 K consists of the following two stages: (1) quenching of I_ph due to the transition EL2→EL2^* before a transition time t_T and (2) enhancement of I_ph due to persistent photocurrent (PPC) after t_T, where t_T is defined as the time in which I_ph becomes minimum. However, neither re-enhancement of I_ph nor PPC are observed in the Sl-GaAs sample by HB method. This distinction results from the difference on the concentration of residual impurities, dependent on the growing method and composition rate, in the above two samples. The illumination time dependence of the quenching of TSC peaks and the temperature dependence of their thermal recovery are nearly fitted into those of the ground-to-metastable-state transition or thermal recovery process of EL2. Asa result, it is inferred that the TSC spectral structure, showing different feature before and after IR-quenching, is determined by the distribution of traps associated directly with EL2 or EL2^* and the traps are originated from a complex of EL2-point defect or EL2-residual impurities.