Direct effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly population in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A case-control study

Kim, Jong Hun,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Kim, Hyo Youl,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Jun, Yoon Hee,Choi, Won Suk,Kang, Seong Hee,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kee, Sae Yoon,Hur, Jia Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>While herd effects and serotype replacement by childhood pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccines (PCVs) continues to accumulate worldwide, direct effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal diseases in the elderly has been challenged. We estimated the direct effectiveness of PPV23 in the elderly population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For a hospital-based case-control study, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) (adults ≥ 65 years) were identified in 14 hospitals participated in the pneumococcal surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015, following implementation of PPV23 national immunization program (NIP) for the elderly in the Republic of Korea. Controls matched by age, sex, and hospital were selected at ratios of 1:2 (IPD) or 1:1 (NBPP). Clinical data and vaccination records were collected. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We enrolled 148 IPD and 557 NBPP cases, and 295 IPD and 557 NBPP controls for analyses. Overall effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.8%–51.6%] and against NBPP was 10.2% (-15.1-30.6) in all patients ≥ 65 years. However, in subgroup analysis of patients aged 65–74 years, PPV23 was protective against IPD [effectiveness 57.4% (19.4–77.5)] and against NBPP [effectiveness 35.0% (2.3–56.7)]. Furthermore, serotype-specific effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 90.6% (27.6–98.8) for PPV23-unique serotypes and 81.3% (38.6–94.3) for PPV23 serotypes excluding serotype 3.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study indicates that PPV23 with broad serotype coverage might be beneficial in preventing IPD and NBPP due to non-PCV13 serotypes in the young-elderly, with potentially increasing effectiveness in the setting of childhood PCV NIP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization program for PPV23 for the elderly was implemented in Korea. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was effective against IPD and NBPP for young elderly patients aged 65–74. </LI> <LI> Effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was higher for PPV23 unique serotypes. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was non-protective against IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. </LI> </UL> </P>

혈우병 환자의 임상 양상에 관한 단일기관 연구

허지혜,김형욱,김영대,이영호,김남수,설인준,김상우 인제대학교 2006 仁濟醫學 Vol.27 No.-

Objective : We analyzed and investigated clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and inhibitor development of hemophilia that had not been thoroughly studied. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 96 patients with hemophilia who were registered in the Hanyang University hospital from Jan, 1984 to Dec, 2003, Results : The total patients, whose median age at onset was 46.0 months, in clude 84 cases of type A (87.5%) and 12 cases of type B (12.5%). The most common chief complaint was a traumatic hemorrhage. The family histories of hemophilia were revealed in 41 cases (42.7%). The median activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was 66.7 seconds. The number of severe cases was 39 (40.6%). Inhibitors were present in 13 cases (13.5%) and seven cases (53.8%) were high responders. aPTT and factor levels showed reverse correlation (r=-0.467). aPTT is more prolonged in group without family history than the group with family history (P=0.037). Conclusion : In this study, the diagnosis of hemophilia are made at the lower age and the serological positivity of the HCV is decreased. Activated partial thromboplastin time and factor levels shows reverse correlation. Activated partial thromboplastin time is more prolonged in group without family history compared with group with family history. The frequencies of family history are lower than those of other developed countries, because of concealing the family history of hemophilia. The prevalence of the development of inhibitors increased compared with those of previous studies in Korea, but was lower than those of other countries. Further studies would be necessary to decrease the inhibitor development.

서산지역 굴피나무(Platycarya strobilacea)군락의 동태

류영수,허혜경,김성덕,박경배 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1997 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

The regeneration process and the composition of species of climax Platycarya strovilacea S. et Z. forest was studied in Mujang-Ri, Jigok-Myon, Sosan, Chungchungnam-Do Province. Total number of vascular plant species of this community was recorded 125. This results seem to be related to various soil and light conditions in this community. The dominant trees of the stands came up beyond 12m in height. The upper tree layer is highly dominated by Platycarya strovilacea, which have more than two stems, is over 15cm in DBH class and is like stumps. They were distributed horizontally in random. Trees of the middle and lower layer were few in number and small in basal area. It tended to be distributed contagiously, in the age distribution of trees, some of the even-aged cluster which were constituted of several trees, were found in plot. The growth rates of the stem diameter for the first 20 years of the trees in upper layer were higher than those of the same species in the middle layer. These results show that the seedings which were established in dense grows with the decreasing density after the forest canopy had been broken out , and distribution pattern became in random, would constitute the canopy developing the community level.

Maternal PM2.5 exposure can increase the risk of preterm birth and neonatal mitochondrial dysfunction: An APPO cohort study

( Young Min Hur ),( Young-ah You ),( Sunwha Park ),( Gain Lee ),( Soo-min Kim ),( Yoon Young Ko ),( Mi Hye Park ),( Sung Hun Na ),( Young-han Kim ),( Geum Joon Cho ),( Jin-gon Bae ),( Soo-jeong Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2023 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.109 No.-

A Genome-Wide and Candidate Gene Association Study between Specific Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Preterm Birth in Korean Pregnant Women

( Hye Jin Ko ),( Young Min Hur ),( Jae-young Yoo ),( Young-ah You ),( Sunwha Park ),( Soo Min Kim ),( Gain Lee ),( Young Ju Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2023 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.109 No.-

The Prevalence and Distribution of the P and G Genotypes of a Group A Rotavirus Detected in Acute Gastroenteritis Patients from Incheon

Hye Jin Choi(최혜진),Bo Young Oh(오보영),Mi Yeon Lee(이미연),Yeon Ja Koh(고연자),Young Woo Gong(공용우),Myung Je Hur(허명제),Jea Mann Lee(이제만),Young Hee Kim(김용희),Hye Sook Jeong(정혜숙),Doo Sung Cheon(천두성) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.5

인천지역 병·의원에 내원한 급성위장염환자의 대변 검체 총 11,607건을 효소 면역법(ELISA)을 이용하여 group A rotavirus의 계절별 발생 양상을 조사한 결과 2005년부터 2010년간 인천지역에서는 1~2월이 가장 많이 발생하였으나, 기간별로 차이가 존재했다. 또, group A rotavirus 양성 검체 160건에 유전자 분석 결과 VP4는 P8형, VP7는 G1형, G와 P 조합형으로는 G1P8이 가장 많았다. 그러나 이전의 연구와 비교했을 때 연구 지역과 기간에 따라 혈청형과 유전형의 변화가 빈번하였으므로 효율적인 방역을 위해 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다고 사려된다. 또 이번 연구는 현재 유통 중인 rotavirus 백신의 효율적인 사용의 기초 자료가 될 것이다. Rotavirus is the main cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children of the world. However, the frequency of genetic alterations makes it hard to control the prophylaxis. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the rotavirus’s genetic change is inevitable to prevent disease prevalence and is useful in inventing an efficient vaccine. From January 2005 to December 2010, we investigated 11,607 stool samples of acute gastroenteritis patients in the Incheon metropolitan area. About 13.18% (1,530 stool samples) of all samples had a positive reaction against rotavirus using an antigen capture enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then, the 160 stool samples were searched for subtypes of group A rotavirus by using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and a nested multiplex RCR. In P sub-typing, P8 (56.3%) was an extremely prevalent genotype, followed by P6 (21.3%), and P1A (10.0%). G1 (39.4%) was most widespread in the G subtype, followed by G4 (25.0%) and G3 (18.8%). G1P8 (35.5%) was the most common G and P subtype combination, followed by G4P6 (19.3%) and G3P8 (13.1%). These results might be useful data for understanding the epidemiological status of group A-rotavirus dispersion in the Incheon metropolitan area.

Effects of aromatherapy on sore throat, nasal symptoms and sleep quality in adults infected with COVID-19: A randomized controlled trial

Hye-Young Kang,Hye Young Ahn,Mi-Jung Kang,Myung-Haeng Hur 한국한의학연구원 2023 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.12 No.4

Background: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) usually complain of fever, cough, and sore throat. This study examined the effects of aromatherapy on sore throat, nasal symptoms, stress, fatigue, and sleep quality by administering it to adults with post-COVID-19 condition. Methods: This study was conducted in a randomised controlled design. Its target population were adults who were released from COVID-19 quarantine treatment within 45 days from infection onset and capable of performing daily activities after isolation treatment. The participants were randomised into aromatherapy group (AG) and control group (CG). To test experimental treatment effects, the levels of sore throat, nasal symptoms, stress, fatigue and sleep quality were measured at the baseline (pre-test) and after the trial (post-test), using the numerical rating scale for sore throat, stress and fatigue, the Total Nasal Symptoms Score for nasal symptoms, and the Korean Version of Modified Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire for quality of sleep. Results: After experimental treatment, there was a significant difference in sore throat in AG compared to CG on the 3rd day (t=-2.022 p=0.048) and 4th day (t=-2.450, p=0.017) of treatment. There was also a significant difference in fatigue between AG and CG on the 2nd day(t=-2.748, p=0.008), 3rd day (t=-2.948, p=0.005) and 4th day (t=-3.084, p=0.003) of treatment. There was no significant difference in TNSS, stress, and sleep quality between the two groups after the experimental treatment. Conclusion: Inhaling aroma essential oils reduced sore throat and fatigue in adults with post-COVID-19 condition, demonstrating the feasibility of aromatherapy as an effective treatment. Trial registration The study was registered with Clinical Research Information Service (KCT0008029).

Cardiac Computed Tomographic Angiography for Detection of Cardiac Sources of Embolism in Stroke Patients

Hur, Jin,Kim, Young Jin,Lee, Hye-Jeong,Ha, Jong-Won,Heo, Ji Hoe,Choi, Eui-Young,Shim, Chi-Young,Kim, Tae Hoon,Nam, Ji Eun,Choe, Kyu Ok,Choi, Byoung Wook Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2009 Stroke Vol.40 No.6

<P>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We assessed the diagnostic performance of 2-phase 64-slice cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) for the detection of a cardiac source of embolism in stroke patients using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) as the reference standard. METHODS: We selected 137 patients who had experienced a recent episode of stroke and had undergone both 2-phase 64-slice CCTA and TEE within a period of 5 days. A potential cardiac source of embolism detected at both CCTA and TEE was recorded, and echocardiographic findings were categorized into high- and medium-risk sources based on the TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) classification. RESULTS: Of 137 patients, 100 abnormal findings in 91 patients were found on TEE, and 46 patients had no abnormal finding on TEE. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the 64-slice CCTA for detecting cardiac sources of embolism were 89% (95% CI, 82%, 95%), 100% (95% CI, 90%, 100%), 100% (95% CI, 95%, 100%), and 81% (95% CI, 70%, 92%), respectively. TEE detected a total of 47 high-risk sources of embolism, whereas CT detected 44 lesions. For medium-risk sources of cardiac embolic stroke, TEE detected a total of 53 abnormal findings, whereas CT detected 44 abnormal findings. Of 53 lesions, there were 8 false-negative results on CT (5 patent foramen ovale and 3 atrial septal aneurysm). CONCLUSIONS: Two-phase 64-slice CCTA is a noninvasive and useful modality for detecting high-risk cardiac sources of embolism in stroke patients.</P>

The introduction to air pollution on pregnancy outcome (APPO) study: a multicenter cohort study

( Young Min Hur ),( Sunwha Park ),( Eunjin Kwon ),( Young-ah You ),( Abuzar Ansari ),( Soo Min Kim ),( Gain Lee ),( Mi Hye Park ),( Kyung A Lee ),( Soo Jung Kim ),( Young-han Kim ),( Yeon-sung Jung ) 대한산부인과학회 2023 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.66 No.3

Objective The air pollution on pregnancy outcome (APPO) study is a prospective hospital-based cohort study designed to investigate the maternal and fetal effects of a particulate matter with an aerodynamic below 10 μm (PM10) and PM2.5 (below 2.5 μm) exposure. This study aims to analyze a relationship between particulate matter and adverse pregnancy outcomes and to find related biomarkers and develop management guidelines. Methods About 1,200 pregnant women are recruited for 3 years (from January 2021 to December 2023) from seven university hospitals to investigate the effects of particulate matter on pregnancy complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We collect biological samples by 5 mL of maternal venous blood and 15 mL of urine in each trimester of pregnancy, and 5 mL of umbilical cord blood and 2×2×2 cm of placental tissue are collected after delivery. In addition, by applying PM10 and PM2.5 concentration values and time-activity patterns from the time weighted average model, the individual predicted exposure of air pollution for the pregnant women are obtained. Results The average exposure of PM10 and PM2.5 of the participants in the entire period of pregnancy, was exceeded the World Health Organization air quality guidelines (an annual level, PM10 >15 μg/m³, PM2.5 >5 μg/m³). Moreover, it was revealed that the PM concentration was increasing toward the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion The APPO study will be able to identify the degree of exposure to air pollution in pregnant women and use it as basic data for estimating individual exposure to particulate matter. And the results of the APPO study will facilitate in the development of health management for pregnant women against air pollution.

Optimal Immobilization of Penicillinase for Ion-selective Electrode

Hur, Moon-Hye,Kang, Hee-Jin,Min, Hye-Young,Lee, Ji-Yeun,Lee, Ki-Hyun,Ahn, Moon-Kyu The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1997 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.20 No.1

Penicillin sensor was prepared by immobilizing penicillinase (Pcase) on $H^{+}$-selective carboxylated poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-COOH) membrane or cellulose filter membrane. The immobilization techniques are as follows. Pcase was immobilized with GTH on $H^{+}$-selective PVC-COOH membrane or some amount of BSA was dropped on that membrane. Another method to make immobilization is to mix type I Pcase with GTH and drop on a cellulose filter membrane. According to immobilization techniques, there were some differences in response properties of enzyme electrodes, however, all electrodes responded to Pcase-resistant penicillin derivatives. Pcase immobilized on cellulose filter membrane with $H^{+}$-selective PVC membrane eletrode was more stable and more sensitive to penicillinase-resistant penicillin derivatives than any other immobilization techniques.