납노출지표와 적혈구내 protein kinase C 활성도의 연관성

황규윤,황보영,안현철,김용배,리갑수,이성수,안규동,이병국 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.4

목적 : Protein kinase C는 칼슘-인지질 의존형인산화 효소로 'H VJ'tfO에서 납에 의하여 활성화되지만, 납에 노출된 인체내에서 그 영향을 평가한 경우는 얼다. 본 연구의 목적은 납에 직업적으로 노출되는 근로자를 대상으로 납 노출이 적혈구막의 단백질내에서 PKC 활성에 의한 인산화 수준에 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1998년부터 국내 납 근로자를 대상으로 납에 의한 건강 영향조사가 4년간의 코호트 연구로 실행하였다. 1차년도에 630명의 납 근로자와 135명의대조군이 조사되었고 이들중 본 연구에서는 직업적노출이 되는 사업장에 근무하는 212명의 근로자를대상하였다. 156명의 남자와 56명의 여자 근로자를 대상으로 인구학적, 과거병력, 직업력 등을 구조화된 설문과 면접으로 조사되었고 납 노출 평가는 혈중 납농도 및 ZPP, 경골중 납농도를 측정하였다. PKC의 활성도는 적혈구막 단백질내 PKC 의존형인산화 수준으로 평가하였다. 적혈구막 단백질인spectrin과 band 4.9의 후인산화수준을 측정하여각 납 노출지표(혈중 납, ZPP, 경골중 납. 노출기간)와의 관련성은 다중회귀분석을 이용하였다. 결과 : 조사대상자의 평균(SD) 연령은39.1(10.0)세, 근무기간은 8.1(6.5)년 이었으며, 경골중 납농도는 범위가 0.8에서 290.8 trg Pb/gbone mineral로 평근(SD) 34.4(35.2) rig Pb/gbone mineral이었다. 적혈구막 단백질의 후인산화수준은 개인간 변이가 매우 컸으며, spectrin은 평균(SD) 540 7(304.1), band 4.9 SfkDa는198.6(78.2), 48 kDa는 247.7(83.3) PSL이었다.경골중 납농도와 노출 기간은 이들 후인산화 수준과역상관성을 보였으나(p(0.05), 혈중 납 농도와 ZPP는 상관성이 없었다(p)0.05). 가능성 있는 혼란변수를 통제한 상태에서도 경골중 납 농도와 노출기간은 이들 후인산화수준과 유의한 회귀계수를 나타내었다. 결론 : 만성적 납 노출에 의하여 적혈구내 PKC활성도는 영향을 받아 증가되어있는 것으로 평가되어 적혈구막 단백질의 인산화수준은 납의 노출지표로 이용될 수 있을 것이다. 납의 신경독성은 부분적으로 PKC의 활성도왁 관련되어 있을 기전을 배제하기 어렵기 때문에 PfC 활성도와 신경행동학적 기능과의 관련성 평가가 진행되어야 할 것이다. Objectives : Protein kinase C(PKC) , a calcium and phospholipid dependent enzyme, is activated by lead in vitro at picomolar concentrations. However, the effect of lead on PKC has never been studied in a human population. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether lead exposure was associated with PKC mediated-phosphorylation in erythrocytes among lead workers. Methods : Two hundred and twelve lead workers were studied. To determine the levels of phosphorylation ir vivo, an in vivo back phosphorylation technique was used by adding PKC and γ-32P to preparations of erythrocyte membranes. We measured back phosphorylations of erythrocyte membrane proteins, spectrin, and 52 kDa and 48 kDa, as an indirect measure of PKC activation if vivo. Results : The mean(SD) age and exposure duration was 39.1(10.0) years and 8.1(6.5) years, respectively. Tibial lead ranged from 0.8 to 290.8 μg Pb/g bone mineral with a mean (SD) of 34.4(35.2) μg Pb/g bone mineral. The means(SD) of back phosphorylation levels of the three proteins were 540.7(304.1), 198.6(78.2), and 247.7(83.3) photostimulated luminescence units (PSL), respectively, by phosphoimager. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, tibial lead and exposure duration were significantly and inversely associated with back phosphorylation levels. One unit of increase in tibial lead (1 μg Pb/g bone mineral) is associated with a decline in spectrin, band 4.9 52 kDa, and band 4.9 48 kDa back phosphorylation levels by 1.4(p〈0.05), 0.34(p〈0.05), and 0.47(p〈0.01), respectively However, there were no associations between the back phosphorylation levels and either blood lead or ZPP levels. Conclusions : These findings suggest that the PKC activity in erythrocytes is increased by chronic lead exposure and that erythrocyte membrane protein phosphorylation may be a biomarker of lead exposure.

금속중독과 분자생물학

황규윤 대한산업의학회 2002 대한직업환경의학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

연에 의한 건강장해 및 생물학적 표식자

황규윤,이병국 가톨릭대학교 산업의학센터 2000 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.39 No.3

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that adverse health effects of lead including neurobehavioral, reproductive, hematological, and growth problems occur at as low as acceptable blood lead level. The use of biomarkers is becoming important to detect biochemical and functional changes by lead at the cellular and molecular levels. Of the biomarkers of lead, blood lead is the most widely used as a measure of absorbed (internal) dose. The amount of plasma and urine after administration of a chelating agent reflects mobilizable pool of internal lead dose as bioavaliable lead burden. Lead in skeletal pools is an estimate of cumulative and past exposure. Lead toxicity is related to lead's affinity for a variety of enzyme systems such as heme synthesis pathway, sodium potassium ATPase, calcium transport and neurotransmitters. The range of health effects is diverse due to acquired and inherited susceptibility. This article briefly reviewed some of development and application of biomarkers of lead in relation to exposure, response, and susceptibility in occupational and public health research and practice. Particularly, biomarkers of lead were described in sequential progression between exposure and disease. This paper presented development of validated biomarkers that can contribute to occupational health efforts and applications that can bring to biological monitoring field.

알레르기성 비염 환자에서 절지동물성 특이항원의 양성율 및 항원간 일치율

황규윤,남해선,박준수,권준택,백병준,김장묵,오천환,조성란 순천향의학연구소 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.2

The current study was designed to evaluate the positive rates of arthropod allergens by Korean inhalant panel of MAST-CLA in patients with allergic rhinitis. One hundred sixty patients, diagnosed to allergic rhinitis in an Out Patient Center of Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hopsital during Aug 1998 to July 2000, were studied. 1. The overall positive rate among 35 specific allergens was 59.4% (95 patients). 2. The arthropod related allergen accounted for 82.1% (78 patients) of the positive rate. 3. Each positive rate of Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), house dust (Hd), and cockroach mix (Cm) was 45.0% (72 patients), 43.1% (69 patients), 28.1% (45 patients), and 8.8% (14 patients), respectively. 4.Significant agreement between arthropod allergens was observer (P < 0.05). 5. The obseved agreement between Df and Dp was 95.6%, showing most significant Kappa index (Kappa = 0.911, P < 0.001). There results suggested that although MAST-CLA is a useful measure of identifying specific allergens, the specificity of two mite allergen relatively low, implying because of common allergen between mites in Korean panel of MAST-CLA. Our data also supported that arthropod is the major cause of allergen in patients with allergic rhinitis, however, the MAST-CLA should be modified in order to exclude common allergen of mite and to include more specific mite allergen.

학동기 비만아에서 고혈압과 비만도의 관련성

황규윤,안현철,김동욱 순천향 의과대학 2002 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.8 No.1

저농도 연폭로에서 혈중 연농도와 자각증상과의 관계

황규윤,안재억,안규동,이병국,김정순,Hwang, Kyu-Yoon,Ahn, Jae-Eog,Ahn, Kyu-Dong,Lee, Byung-Kook,Kim, Joung-Soon 대한예방의학회 1991 예방의학회지 Vol.24 No.2

This study intended to obtain an useful information on the prevalence of subjective symptoms, and to clarify the interrelationships between blood lead and lead related symptoms in low level lead exposure. The 93 male workers exposed to lead and 56 male nonexposed workers were examined for their blood lead(PBB), Zinc-protoporphy(ZPP), hemoglobin(HB) and personnal history, and completed 15 questionnaires related to symptoms of lead absorption : also measured lead concentration in air (PBA) in the workplace. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The means of blood lead (PBB), blood ZPP and hemoglobin (HB) among workers exposed to lead were $26.1{\pm}8.8{\mu}g/dl,\;28.3{\pm}26.0{\mu}g/dl$ and $16.2{\pm}1.2g/dl$ : whereas those of nonexposed workers were $18.7{\pm}5.1{\mu}g/dl,\;20.6{\pm}8.7{\mu}g/dl$ and $17.3{\pm}1.1g/dl$. The means of above three indicies between two groups showed significant difference statistically (p<0.05). 2. The means of blood lead (PBB), blood ZPP and hemoglobin of workers exposed .to different lead concentration in air were as follows : When it was below $25{\mu}g/m^3$, the indices were $24.7{\pm}79,\;26.1{\pm}26.8{\mu}g/dl\;and\;16.4{\pm}1.1g/dl$ respectively : These indices were $27.1{\pm}8.5,\;23.9{\pm}10.92{\mu}g/dl\;and\;16.2{\pm}1.3g/dl$ when the lead concentration in air was $25{\sim}50{\mu}g/m^3$ : and they were $3.4{\pm}9.3,\;42.3{\pm}31.3{\mu}g/dl\;and\;15.5{\pm}1.2g/dl$ when the concentration of lead was above $50{\mu}g/m^3$. Although there were statistical difference in blood lead and hemoglobin among three different lead concentration in air, there was no statistical difference of blood ZPP among the three groups with different exposure levels (p>0.05). 3. The most frequent by complained symptom was 'Generalized weakness and fatigue', and fewest symptom was 'Intermittent pains in abdomen' 4. Only two symptoms out of fifteen symptoms checked by themselves revealed significant difference between exposed and nonexposed groups. These were 'Intermittent pains of abdomen' and 'Joint pain or arthralgia' (p<0.05), No positive correlation was found between the levels of blood lead and symptom groups categorized as gastrointestinal, neuromuscular and constitutional symptoms, 5. Blood lead (r=0.3995) and ZPP (r=0.2837) showed statistically significant correlation with mean lead concentration in air, whereas correlations were not demonstrated between blood lead and lead related symptoms or blood ZPP and lead related symptoms. 6. Blood lead (PBB) and ZPP showed association (r=0.2466) and the equation PBB=23.75+0.0842 ZPP was derived. 7. On stepwise multiple regression, using blood lead level as a dependent variable and ZPP, hemoglobin (HB), age, work duration (WD) and symptom prevalence as a independent variables, only ZPP significantly contributed a lot to blood lead level. 8. While the ZPP measurement was found to be a good indicator in evaluating health effect of lead absorption in low level lead exposure, lead related symptoms were not sensitive enough to evaluate of lead absorption in low level exposure.

순천향대학 천안병원에 내원한 알레르기환자의 특성

황규윤,남해선,,안현철,박준수 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

This study was designed to evaluate gencral features related to allergy of allergic patients living in northern and western Chungchungnamdo, visited to an allergic unit in Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital during August 1998 to July 2000. Three hundred allergic patients were enrolled. Among them, 87.7% were outpatients and were analysed for the study. Demographic variables as well as resident living conditions and immunologic results were assessed. Overall IgE, house dust, Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) antibody were assessed using MAST-CLA in 263 outpatients. Relations between allergens and age, sex, and living conditions were evaluated by chi-square tests. Mean age was 21.0 ± 17.3 year-old and male accounted for 59.3% in total subjects. Among them, 52.0% lived in an apartment and 65.3% were from urban area near Chunan and Asan city. Admission rate of allergic patients was 12.3%. The positive rates of total IgE, house dust, Df, and Dp were in 55.1%. 19.0%, 30.0%, and 29.3% in outpatients, respectively. No significant relations between allergens and sex. living home, and region were observed (P>0.05). Adolescents showed significantly higher positive rate of total IgE (P=0.02). Our data suggested that residential environment may not be a significant factor of main causative allergens in northern and western Chungchungnamdo. However more controlled study should be required to elucidate the relations between living environments and major causative allergens in this area.

Optimal Design of Magnetizing Fixture to Reduce Cogging Torque in Brushless DC Motors by Sequential RSM

황규윤(Kyu-Yun Hwang),류세현(Se-Hyun Rhyu),권병일(Byung-Il Kwon) 대한전기학회 2008 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.7(초록집)

정현적인 역기전력 파형을 갖는 인버터 구동용 집중권형 Spoke type IPMSM의 토크 및 철손해석에 관한 연구

황규윤(Kyu-yun Hwang),권병일(Byung-il Kwon) 대한전기학회 2010 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.7

This paper investigates the torque and iron loss characteristics of inverter-fed spoke type interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) optimized for sinusoidal distributed back-EMF. First, an optimized model for sinusoidal distributed magnetic flux density is introduced with verification by experiment. Then to investigate improved characteristics of optimized spoke type IPMSM model for torque and iron loss, two types of systems are developed and compared the direct- and quadratic-axis (DQ) model which is well known motor modeling with PWM inverter drive and FE-based physical model built to consider the nonlinearity of both the motor and the motor drive. The results show the validity of the FE-based model has its practical superiority in drives applications and improved torque and iron loss characteristics for optimized rotor pole.

IPM type BLDC 전동기의 코깅토크 저감을 위한 Hybrid 최적설계

황규윤(Kyu-yun Hwang),이상봉(Sang-bong Rhee),권병일(Byung-il Kwon) 대한전기학회 2007 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.4

A hybrid optimization method is proposed for cogging torque reducing in BLDC motor. The proposed hybrid optimization method comprises a response surface method (RSM) and a gradient search method (GSM). The RSM is effective and global method in optimization problem but having large approximation error. The GSM is accurate and fast search method for optimal solution but having local behavior. To reduce approximation error and computation time a hybrid method (RSM+GSM) is proposed method. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a comparison between conventional RSM and the proposed hybrid method is made. A simulation results verify that the hybrid method can achieve favorable design performance.