Alterations of Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Choline Acetyltransferase in the Retina of the Diabetic Rat

최미영(Mee-Young Choi),김영희(Young-Hee Kim),김윤숙(Yoon-Sook Kim),남희(Hee Nam),유지명(Ji-Myung Yoo),최완성(Wan-Sung Choi),조경제(Gyeong-Jae Cho) 대한해부학회 2006 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.39 No.6

To investigate the effect of hyperglycemia on the visual system, we investigated the retinal dopaminergic and cholinergic systems using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the rat retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg) to Sprague-Dawley rats (250~300 g). We first analyzed morphologic thickness changes in the several retinal layers of 6-week-old control and STZ-diabetic rats after H & E staining. To confirm whether TH and ChAT protein expressions changed, we carried out immunohistochemistry analysis and Western blotting. After induction of diabetes, significant changes were not shown in the retinal thickness at 6 weeks. TH and ChAT immunoreactivities were clearly detected in amacrine cells and sublaminas in the inner retina of both control and diabetic rats, showing continuously reduced positive amacrine cells in the retinas during diabetes. In addition, the decline in TH and ChAT protein expression was already present to a significant extent in the retina at 6 weeks in early diabetes. Our present study demonstrates the possibility that the observed alterations in TH and ChAT in the diabetic retina may cause the visual system changes in the retinal pathophysiology associated with diabetes mellitus. 본 연구에서는 고혈당이 시각의 dopaminergic 및 cholinergic system에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 streptozotocin (STZ)으로 유도한 당뇨병 모델 흰쥐의 망막에서 tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)와 choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)의 변화를 알아보았다. 당뇨병은 250~300 g Sprague-Dawley (SD) 흰쥐에 50 mg/kg STZ을 복 막내 주사하여 유도하였고 6주 후에 희생시켰다. H & E 염색을 통하여 정상쥐와 당뇨쥐 망막의 형태학적인 변화를 관찰하였고, 면역조직화학법과 western blotting을 이용하여 TH와 ChAT 단백질의 발현과 변화를 분석하였다. 당뇨병 유발 6주 후 흰쥐의 망막에서 뚜렷한 형태학적인 변화는 나타나지 않았으나 TH와 ChAT의 단백질 발현과 면역반응성의 유의적인 감소가 확인되었다. 본 연구는 TH와 ChAT의 변화가 초기 당뇨 흰쥐 망막의 시각시스템변화와 연관되어 있음을 시사한다.

활성슬러지 하수처리장 포기조내 산소 전달특성(α, β와 R)의 효율적 산정방안 개발

고광백,최미영,Ko, Kwang Baik,Choi, Mee Young 대한토목학회 1994 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.14 No.4

본 연구에서는 활성슬러지 하수처리장 포기조내 산소전달 특성 즉, ${\alpha}$와 ${\beta}$를 효율적으로 산정할 수 있는 측정 빛 추정방법을 개발하였다. 동일한 운영조건하에서 원통형 회분식 포기조 2 대를 제작 운영하여 상수와 포기조에서 채취한 혼합용액을 대상으로 동시에 unsteady state batch test를 수행하였고, 이와 동시에 호기성 미생물의 호흡으로 인한 용존산소 소모율도 추정하여 궁극적으로 ${\alpha}$와 ${\beta}$를 산정하였다. 연구대상 하수처리장의 경우에 합성호흡에 의한 용존산소 소모율은 평균 약 $17.96mg/(l{\cdot}hr)$이었고, 내생호흡에 의한 용존산소 소모율은 평균 약 $12.29mg/(l{\cdot}hr)$이었다. 아울러 ${\alpha}$는 0.65~0.95의 범위이었고, ${\beta}$는 0.88~0.93의 범위이었다. 이 값들은 통상적인 ${\alpha}$와 ${\beta}$의 범위이었고, 본 연구에서 개발된 측정 및 추정방법 또한 비교적 단순하고 용이하여 현장에서 산소전달 특성을 규명하는데 활용할 수 있으리라고 판단된다. The major objective of this study is to develop an effective method to estimate ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ in an aeration basin at a conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant. A series of unsteady state batch tests were simultaneously performed with clean water and mixed liquor in two batch reactors under identical operational conditions. Oxygen uptake rates (OURs) of the mixed liquor were measured during the tests. The results show that the OURs due to synthesis respiration and endogenous respiration were averaged about $17.96 mg/(l{\cdot}hr)$ and about $12.29mg/(l{\cdot}hr)$, respectively. The corresponding ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ were ranged between 0.65 to 0.95, and between 0.88 to 0.93, respectively. Based on the overall experimental results, the proposed experimental test method and the proposed method for determination of ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ are found to be relatively simple and easy to use in evaluating the characteristics of aeration systems.

Involvement of VEGF in Both Cell Apoptosis and Survival in the Retina of Type 2 Diabetic OLETF Rats

김영희(Young Hee Kim),최미영(Mee Young Choi),김윤숙(Yoon Sook Kim),노구섭(Gu Seob Roh),김현준(Hyun Joon Kim),강상수(Sang Soo Kang),최완성(Wan Sung Choi),조경제(Gyeong Jae Cho) 대한해부학회 2007 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.40 No.4

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)는 망막혈관장애, pericyte 손실, 망막신경세포사와 세포증식등을 포함한 당뇨병의 초기망막병변에 많은 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 제2형 당뇨병 쥐의 망막에서의 세포사와 세포생존에 VEGF가 연계되어 있는지를 조사하였다. 실험에는 자발적인 제2형 당뇨병 모델의 하나인 28주령의 Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF)쥐들과 대조군으로 Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO)쥐들의 망막이 이용되었다. 대조군에 비해 OLETF 쥐의 망막에서는 pericyte 손실의 증거와 함께 세포증식, 세포사, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)와 VEGF의 증가가 확인되었다. 또한, OLETF 쥐의 망막에서의 세포사멸신호는 VEGF에 특이적인 세포에서 일부 확인되었지만, VEGF-independent eNOS 특이 세포에서는 전혀 관찰되지 않았다. 이 결과들은 제2형 당뇨병 OLETF 쥐의 망막에서 VEGF는 세포사와 eNOS 의존적 세포생존에 모두 관계하고 있음을 시사한다. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is closely involved in early retinal pathology of diabetes, including blood-retinal barrier breakdown, pericyte loss, neuro-retinal apoptosis, and cell proliferation. This study examines the involvement of VEGF in cell apoptosis and survival in the retina of animals with type 2 diabetes. We used retinas from 28-week-old Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a model of spontaneous type 2 diabetes, and Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats as controls. In parallel with evidence for pericyte loss, we found cell proliferation, apoptosis, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (an indicator of endothelial cell proliferation/survival) and VEGF overexpression in the OLETF-retina, compared to control LETO. Furthermore, apoptotic signals were partly co-localized to only VEGF-positive cells in the OLETF-retina, but no apoptotic signals were found in VEGF- and eNOS-double-positive cells. These results suggest that upregulated VEGF is involved in apoptosis and eNOS-dependent cell survival in the retinas of type 2 diabetic rats.

고삼투압에 노출된 각막상피세포에서 TonEBP 발현과 염증인자들에 대한 두릅의 효과

김성재(Seong-Jae Kim),박미화(Mi Hwa Park),유웅선(Woong-Sun Yoo),홍은경(Eun-Kyung Hong),최미영(Mee Young Choi),최완성(Wan Sung Choi) 대한안과학회 2021 대한안과학회지 Vol.62 No.2

목적: 고삼투압에 노출된 각막상피세포에서 TonEBP의 발현과 염증인자들의 변화에 두릅이 미치는 영향에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 배양된 각막상피세포에 5와 10 μg/mL의 두릅을 24시간 동안 전처리한 후 고삼투압(500 mOsm/L)에 노출시켜, 세포생존성과 창상 회복 정도를 확인하였으며, TonEBP와 NF-κB 등의 발현 변화와 함께, 산화스트레스 인자들과 염증유발 인자들의 변화를 확인하였다. 결과: 고삼투압에 노출된 각막상피세포에서 감소되었던 세포생존성과 창상 회복 속도는 두릅을 전처리하면 농도 의존적으로 회복되었고, TonEBP와 NF-κB의 발현 증가는 억제되었다. 두릅은 Bax의 발현을 감소시키고, Bcl-2와 Bcl-xl 발현은 증가시켰다. 산화스트레스 인자인 4-HNE는 감소시키고 항산화효소인 Gpx는 증가시켰으며, IL-1β의 발현은 감소시켰다. 결론: 두릅은 배양된 각막상피세포가 고삼투압 환경에 노출 시 TonEBP의 발현과 NF-κB의 활성을 감소시킴으로써, 세포생존성과 이동성을 증가시킬 뿐만 아니라, 산화스트레스나 염증 인자들의 활성을 줄여주는 효과가 있어 안구표면질환 등의 치료제로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Purpose: To investigate the effect of Aralia elata (AE) on hyperosmolar stress-induced tonicity response enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) expression and changes in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (hCECs). Methods: Immortalized hCECs were cultured with either 5 or 10 μg/mL AE for 24 hours, and the medium then changed to a hyperosmotic medium (500 mOsM/L). After hyperosmolar treatment, cell viability and wound-healing assays were performed, and cell proteins subjected to Western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry for TonEBP and NF-κB, and tests measuring changes in the levels of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory mediators. Results: AE pretreatment ameliorated hyperosmolarity-induced cell death and the delay in wound-healing in a dose-dependent manner. AE inhibited TonEBP and phospho-NF-κB p65 subunit upregulation. AE significantly decreased the expression levels of Bax, 4-HNE, and IL-1β; but increased those of Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and Gpx. Conclusions: AE increased cell viability and wound-healing, and inhibited the hyperosmolar stress-induced upregulation of TonEBP and NF-κB. AE may be useful for treatment of patients with certain ocular surface diseases.

체외순환 없는 관상동맥우회술 시행시 심장 고정기의 부착과 거상에 의한 혈역학적 변화

정성미,곽수달,신혜란,곽현주,최미영,곽영란 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.43 No.5

Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass (Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, OPCAB) causes significant hemodynamic derangement by displacement of the beating heart. The purpose of this study was to analyze the hemodynamic changes caused in relation to grafted arteries by displacing the heart and stabilizing the coronaty arteries in patients undergoing OPCAB. Methods: Nineteen patients underwent OPCSB using two deep pericardial sutures and tissue stabilizers (Octopus Tissue Stabilization Syetem, Medtronic, USA). The hemodynamic variables were obtained after induction of anesthesia, after deep pericardial sutures, before and after anastomosis of each coronary artery during epicardial stabilizing, after sternal closure, and after postoperative 6 hours and 12 hours in the intensive care unit. Results: The hemodynamic variables were maintained with the Trendelenburg position, volume loading and low dose vasopressors after deep pericardial stay sutures. Displacement of the heart and placement of the stabilizer on all coronary territories except the obtuse marginal artery before anastomosis showed no significant difference in hemodynamics compared with baseline. Positioning for the graft to the obtuse marginal artery decreased cardiac index (1.6 ± 0.4 L/min/m^2) and stroke index (27.6 ± 9.9 L/beat/m^2) and increased systemic vascular resistance (2318.9 ± 673.7 dyne·sec·cm^-5), resulting in gemodynamic compromise (P < 0.01). There were no significant hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes before of after grafting of other coronary arteries but there was a significant increase in cardiac index after postoperative 6 and 12 hours compared with baseline values (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Although the complete revascularization of most coronary arteries is feasible on the beating heart without significant hemodynamic compromise with minimal vasopressor support, the positioning for the graft to the obtuse marginal artery needs special attention because two deep pericardial stay sutures and Octopus tissue stabilizers on the obtuse marginal artery territory induce significant hemodynamic disturbances. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2002; 43: 611~618)

아동의 놀이유형 및 놀이활용과 사회 성숙도와의 관계

강경숙,김미정,김성아,김연화,김영선,나유미,이승혜,조미향,주경희,최미영,최수정 연세대학교 생활과학대학 1989 婦學 Vol.22 No.-

The purpose of this study was to observe social participation in various interest centers of Korean preschool and to investigate their relationships with each other and with social maturity. The subjects of this study were 48 children, 5∼6 years of age attending S Kindergarten in Seoul. Children were observed in random order for 45 10­second observations based on Parten's social participation categories and 4 interest centers. The social Maturity Scale (Korea Institute for Research in the Behavioral Sciences, 1978) was filed in by the mothers of the children. The collected data were analyzed with percentage, Pearson's Correlation and ANOVA. The results of present study showed that the highest percentage of play was associative­cooperative play, followed by parallel play onlooker behavior, solitary play, and unoccupied behavior in that order. There were no significant effects related to social maturity rating by social participation or interest center. The art activity center was positively correlated with parallel play and negatively correlated with solitary play. The block activity center was positively correlated with associative­cooperative play and negatively correlated with parallel play. The math and science center was positively correlated with unoccupied behavior and onlooker behavior, but negatively correlated with associative­cooperative play.