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Implementing Multimodal Public-Private Partnerships: The State of the Practice in the U.S.
이창주,John S. Miller 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.25 No.6
Multimodal public-private partnership (MP3) projects denote transportation investments that serve two or more modes and include substantial private sector involvement. Because non-auto modes often require an operational subsidy, MP3s can be rare; thus, implementation of such projects is of interest. This study reports on the results of interviews regarding U.S. agencies’ pursuit of 23 candidate MP3 projects. For example, when a decision is made to pursue a multimodal project as a P3, the reason is frequently to obtain private financing. Other reasons are construction speed, expertise in specific areas such as land development, and an enhanced ability to relate monies paid to the quality of transit provided. Further, when transportation modes are being added to a P3 project, revenue is a reason for only a minority of projects: other reasons included multiple modes being a part of the region’s long-term vision, public opinion, and the project being inherently multimodal (e.g., redevelopment of an area supporting rental car parking and commuter rail). In most decisions regarding MP3s, land impacts are considered to some degree, but the reasons vary: no expected impact, more intense development in a particular location, impacts near the facility but no exact location pinpointed, and increased real estate values. The conditions supporting an MP3 are diverse and include the implementation of a region’s long-term vision, public pressure, and a unique opportunity to bring together stakeholders to create a project that was otherwise infeasible or to solve a specific problem. Accordingly, as reported in this study, their diverse nature means that MP3s can be considered at multiple decision points in the project development process.
규칙성과 함수 영역의 지도 내용에 따른 수학적 모델 설정에 관한 연구
이창주 공주교육대학교 초등교육연구원 2012 敎育論叢 Vol.49 No.1
본 연구는 초등 수학교육에서 규칙성과 함수 영역의 함수적 사고 지도 내용에 대하여 함수 개념구성의 필수 기본 요소를 추 출하고, 이를 토대로 각 지도단계에 따른 수학적 모델설정에 관하여 연구하여 그 결과로서 현장의 지도에서 효과적으로 활용 할 수 있도록 하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 위한 연구 내용을 다음과 같이 몇 가지로 요약할 수 있다. 1) 교육과정의 변화와 함수적 사고의 지도 내용 및 수학적 모델 설정의 변화 조사 2) 함수적 사고의 지도 내용에 대한 수학적 모델설정의 원칙 모색에 관한 연구 3) 7차 교육과정에서 제시한 함수적 사고 관련 지도 내용과 수학적 모델설정의 조사 및 검토 4) 함수적 사고 과련 지도 내용에 대한 수학적 모델의 유형의 분류 정리.
이창주 광주대학교 2001 産業技術硏究 Vol.15 No.-
From an examination of the rate constants obtained from the solvolysis reaction of anti-3-tosyl-8-oxatricyclo[4.3.3.0]dodecane and 3-tosyl-8,11-dioxatricyclo[4.3.3.0]dodecane, we observed a rate retarding effect by the second oxygen. The dipole associated with the second ether oxygen was destabilizing the incipient carbonium ion in the solvolysis, thus retarding the rate.
이창주,함성호,김동석,윤준연,이정희,성상윤,허영우 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.2
We fabricated a GaN Schottky barrier metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (SBMOSFET) by using indium tin oxide (ITO) films as the source/drain and the gate electrodes, and we checked for the body bias effect after forming an Ohmic contact to the substrate. The body bias results exhibit an abnormal effect; i.e., the threshold voltage was decreased by a reverse body bias. In order to find the mechanism for that, we characterized the UV photo response of no-gated MOSFET used as a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) diode with and without annealing for the passivation oxide between the source and the drain regions. The leakage current of the back-to-back Schottky diode was significantly improved after passivation annealing, but the UV/visible rejection characteristics were worse.