방기복령탕(防己茯笭湯) 전탕액(煎湯液)이 가토(家兎)의 신장기능(腎臟機能)에 미치는 영향(影響)

송정방,류도곤,이언정,Song Jeong-Bang,Ryu Do-Gon,Lee Eon-Jeong 대한한의학방제학회 1990 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.1 No.1

소염(消炎) 약침(藥鍼)이 대장염 유발 흰쥐의 c-Fos 단백 발현에 미치는 효과

송정방,손인철,안성훈,김재효,Song, Jeong-Bang,Sohn, In-Chul,Ahn, Seong-Hun,Kim, Jae-Hyo 대한약침학회 2010 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.13 No.3

Objectives: Colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by colonic mucosal inflammation and chronic relapsing events represents. The purpose of this study is to evaluate effects of pharmacopuncture of anti-inflammatory herbal compound (AiC) applied to the different acupoints in the acute colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) intracolonic injection in rats. Methods: In Male Sprague - Dawley rats, weighing 250~400g, TNBS (5 mg/kg) was infused intrarectally through a silicon rubber catheter into the anus under isoflurane anaesthesia. Acupoints of LI4 (Hapkok), ST25 (Cheonchu), ST36 (Joksamni), and BL25 (Daejangsu) were intramuscularly injected by AiC, respectively (injection volume & times: 0.2 ml / acupoint, twice times on the 2nd & 3rd day). Expressions of cFos protein in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), locus coeruleus (LC), nucleus of solitary tract (Sol), and the 6th lumbar spinal cord (L6 s.c.) were observed at 24 hr after TNBS induced colitis by immunohistochemistry. Results: The expression of c-Fos protein in the L6 s.c., Sol, LC and PAG increased 24 hr after TNBS injection into colorectum as compared to normal and 50% ethanol treated group. AiC to LI4 inhibited the expression of c-Fos protein in Sol and PAG but not L6 s.c. and LC. AiC to ST36 showed significant inhibition the c-Fos expression in L6 s.c., Sol and PAG. AiC to ST25 only showed the effects in L6 s.c. and PAG. AiC to BL25 inhibited significantly the expression of c-Fos protein all over the areas. To investigate whether or not endogenous opioids are involved, intrathecal injection of naltrexone (30ug/30ul) was applied before the 2nd pharmacopuncture treatment 24 hr after TNBS-induced colitis in rat. Naltrexone reversed the inhibition of c-Fos protein expression in the spinal cord and brainstem. Conclusions: These data show that pharmacopuncture of Aic potently inhibits signal pathways ascending hypersensitivity of colorectum after TNBS induced colitis and depends on the endogenous opioids according to acupoints.

TNBS로 유도된 흰쥐의 대장염(大腸炎)에 대한 노봉방(露蜂房) 약침(藥鍼)의 효과

송정방 ( Jeong Bang Song ),김재효 ( Jae Hyo Kim ),김유리 ( Yu Lee Kim ),박유리 ( Yu Ree Park ),안성훈 ( Seong Hun Ahn ),손인철 ( In Chul Sohn ) 대한경락경혈학회 2009 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.26 No.4

Objectives: Transient inflammation has been demonstrated to alter visceral sensory function in animal models and acute mucosal inflammation may precede the manifestation of visceral hyperalgesia. Thus in this study we compared effects of herbal acupuncture of Nidus Vespae (NV) applied to the different acupoints in the acute colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) intracolonic injection in rats. Methods: In Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250~400 g, TNBS (5 mg/kg) was infused intrarectally through a silicon rubber catheter into the anus under isoflurane anaesthesia. Under general anesthesia, acupoints of LI4 (Hapkok), SI25 (Cheonchu), ST36 (Joksamni), BL25 (Daejangsu) were intramuscularly injected by NV. Expressions of cFos protein in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), locus coeruleus (LC), nucleus of solitary tract (Sol), and the 6th lumbar spinal cord (L6 s.c.) were observed at 24 hrs after TNBS induced colitis by immunohistochemistry. Results: The expression of c-Fos protein in L6 s.c., Sol, LC and PAG increased 24 hrs after TNBS injection into colorectum as compared to normal group. NV herbal acupuncture also inhibited the expression of c-Fos protein in Sol but not L6 s.c., LC, and PAG. NV to ST36 inhibited significantly the c-Fos expression in Sol and PAG. NV to ST25 inhibited the c-Fos protein expression all over the observation area. NV to BL25 showed the inhibitory effects in the areas except LC. Whether or not a role of endogenous opioids, intrathecal injection of naltrexone (30 ug/30 ul) was applied before the 2nd herbal acupuncture treatment 24 hrs after TNBS-induced colitis in rat. Naltrexone reversed the inhibition of c-Fos protein expression in the spinal cord and brainstem under different conditions such as type of herbal acupuncture compound and choice of acupoint. Conclusions: In summary, these data show that herbal acupuncture of NV inhibits signal pathways such as spinal cord and brain stem ascending hypersensitivity of colorectum after TNBS induced colitis. This effect may be mediated by acupoints through the endogenous opioid system involving the pain modulation.

기독교가 군산 지역에 미친 사회적 영향 - 남장로교 선교사 편지를 중심으로 -

방연상 ( Pang Samuel Y ),송정연 ( Jungyun Song ) 연세대학교 인문학연구원 2017 人文科學 Vol.111 No.-

남장로교는 기존에는 선교사들과 조선인들에 의해 주목받지 못하던 군산지역에서 선교를 시작함으로써, 한국인을 대상으로 하는 교육과 의료 활동을 선점할 수 있었다. 또한 이를 통해, 1899년 개항 이후 일본인에 의해 주변부로 밀려나던 한국인들의 힘이 되었다. 군산은 일본에 의해, 거의 강제적으로 근대화 된 장소였기 때문에, 근대 교육과 근대 의료를 받지 못하는 한국인은 도시의 발전에서 뒤쳐질 수 밖에 없는 상태였다. 이러한 현상은 조선 전반에서 일어났지만, 특별히 군산은 교육받고 부유한 일본인들의 거리와 가난한 조선인들의 거리가 한 눈에 구별되는 곳이었다. 따라서 스테이션을 통한 교회, 근대 교육, 근대 의료라는 전형적인 선교 방식은 군산 지역에서 환영받을 수 밖에 없었고, 이러한 방식은 효과적인 선교 방식으로 자리잡게 되었다. 남장로교의 선교적 태도는 그들의 장점이며 단점이기도 하였다. 남장로교 선교사들은 선교를 최우선으로 하였기 때문에, 복음을 가르치기 위해서 때로는 학교의 발전을 포기하는 모습을 보여주기도 하였다. 반면에 선교를 우선하는 그들의 태도는 신사참배와 같은 반민족적인 태도에서 벗어날 수 있는 길을 열어주기도 하였다. 또한 스테이션을 중심으로 한 그들의 선교 방식은 일본인들의 간섭을 최대한 피할 수 있는 길을 열어주어, 민족주의자들이 활동할 수 있는 터전을 제공하였다. 반면에 그들의 제한적 선교범위는 군산과 군산 지역인들 전체에 영향을 미치지기에는 역부족이었다. 하지만 군산 지역의 의료와 교육이 대부분 일본인을 대상으로 하고 있는 상황에서 한국인을 대상으로 차별없는 의료와 교육을 행했던 선교사들의 열정과 헌신은 군산 지역인들이 기독교인이 되는 계기로서 작용하였고, 일제에 의해 근대 도시로 변모하는 군산의 문화적, 교육적 수준에서 조선인들이 소외받지 않도록 하였다. 따라서 기독교는 군산의 근대화에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있었다. The Presbyterian Church in the U.S. was able to prevail in the education and medical activities for Koreans by starting missions in the Gunsan region, which had not been noticed by missionaries and Koreans. Through this work, it encourage the Koreans who were pushed to the periphery by the Japanese Imperialism after the opening of port in 1899. Since Gunsan was almost a compulsory modernized place by Japan, Koreans who could not receive modern education and modern medicine had to fall behind in the development of the city. This phenomenon occurred in the entire Joseon Dynasty, but especially in Gunsan, where the street of educated and wealthy Japanese people and the street of poor Koreans were totally different at a glance. Therefore, the typical mission method of establishing church, modern education, modern medical through station was inevitably welcomed in Gunsan area, and this method became effective way. The missionary attitude of The Presbyterian Church in the U.S. has the strength and disadvantage. Presbyterian missionaries have shown missionary abandonment to teach the gospel because they thought missions has a top priority. On the other hand, their attitude of giving priority to missions opened the way to escape from the anti-ethnic attitude such as shrine visits. In addition, their mission-centered approach to the station opened the way for the Japanese to avoid interference as much as possible, providing a place for nationalists to anti-Japan Imperialism work. On the other hand, their limited range of missions was insufficient to affect the whole of Gunsan and Gunsan area. However, the mission and the devotion of missionaries who did medical education and education without discrimination against Koreans in the situation where medicine and education in Gunsan area were mostly targeted to Japanese. This missionary movement as an opportunity to become Christian in Gunsan area, In the cultural and educational level of Gunsan, which has been transformed. Therefore, Christianity could positively influence the modernization of Gunsan.

Carrageenan 유도 관절염에 대한 灸律 藥鍼의 진통작용

구성태,신종근,최윤영,송정방,김재효,김경식,손인철 한국전통의학연구소 2006 한국전통의학지 Vol.15 No.1

Objectives: This study was produced to examine the effects of moxibustion that had been played important role to traditional oriental medical treatment on disease. Recently, it was reported that moxi-tar which is generated in the process of moxibustion as burning combustibles decreased nitric oxide(NO) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) generation in cellular experiments. Methods: Carrageenan-induced arthritis rat model was used to test the effect of moxi-tar as a chronic pain model. Diluted moxi-tar was single injected in several acupoints or combined with electroacupuncture (1 ms, 2 Hz, and 2 mA) into contralateral ST36 acupoint for 30 min to assess the synergic effects. After the treatment, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next 12 hours. Endogenous NO and iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and c-Fos protein expression in the spinal cord were examined on a rat model of carrageenan-induced arthritis. Results : After the induction of arthritis, rats subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for at least the next 4 days. The reduced stepping force of the limb was presumably due to a painful knee, since oral injection of indomethacin produced temporary improvement of weight bearing. Moxi-tar produced significant improvement of stepping force of the hindlimb affected by the arthritis lasting at least 9 hours. The magnitude of this improvement was equivalent to that obtained after an oral injection of 3 mg/kg of indomethacin and this improvement of stepping force was interpreted as an analgesic effect. Moxi-tar produced the improvement of stepping force of the affected hindlimb in a dose-dependent manner. Both NO production and iNOS, COX-2 protein expression increased by arthritis were suppressed by moxi-tar. Moxi-tar on combination with electroacupuncture (EA) produced more powerful and longer lasting improvement of stepping force of the hindlimb affected by the arthritis than either moxi-tar or EA did. Conclusion : The present study suggest that moxi-tar produces a potent analgesic effect on the chronic knee arthritis pain model in the rat and that moxi-tar-induced analgesia modulate endogenous NO through the suppression of iNOS/COX-2 protein expression.

Carrageenan 유도 관절염에 대한 灸津 藥鍼의 진통작용

구성태,신종근,최윤영,송정방,김재효,김경식,손인철 한국전통의학연구소 2006 한국전통의학지 Vol.15 No.1

Objectives: This study was produced to examine the effects of moxibustion that had been played important role to traditional oriental medical treatment on disease. Recently, it was reported that moxi-tar which is generated in the process of moxibustion as burning combustibles decreased nitric oxide(NO) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) generation in cellular experiments. Methods: Carrageenan-induced arthritis rat model was used to test the effect of moxi-tar as a chronic pain model. Diluted moxi-tar was single injected in several acupoints or combined with electroacupuncture (l ms, 2 Hz, and 2 mA) into contralateral ST36 acupoint for 30 min to assess the synergic effects. After the treatment, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next 12 hours. Endogenous NO and iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and c-Fos protein expression in the spinal cord were examined on a rat model of carrageenan-induced arthritis. Results : After the induction of arthritis, rats subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for at least the next 4 days. The reduced stepping force of the limb was presumably due to a painful knee, since oral injection of indomethacin produced temporary improvement of weight bearing. Maxi-tar produced significant improvement of stepping force of the hindlimb affected by the arthritis lasting at least 9 hours. The magnitude of this improvement was equivalent to that obtained after an oral injection of 3 mg/kg of indomethacin and this improvement of stepping force was interpreted as an analgesic effect. Maxi-tar produced the improvement of stepping force of the affected hindlimb in a dose-dependent manner. Both NO production and iNOS, COX-2 protein expression increased by arthritis were suppressed by maxi-tar. Moxi-tar on combination with electroacupuncture (EA) produced more powerful and longer lasting improvement of stepping force of the hindlimb affected by the arthritis than either moxi-tar or EA did. Conclusion : The present study suggest that maxi-tar produces a potent analgesic effect on the chronic knee arthritis pain model in the rat and that moxi-tar-induced analgesia modulate endogenous NO through the suppression of iNOS/COX-2 protein expression.

구진(灸津) 약침(藥鍼)이 Carrageenan으로 유도한 관절염에 미치는 영향(影響)

구성태 ( Sung Tae Koo ),신종근 ( Jong Keun Shin ),최윤영 ( Yun Young Choi ),송정방 ( Jung Bang Song ),김재효 ( Jae Hyo Kim ),김경식 ( Kyoung Sik Kim ),손인철 ( In Chul Sohn ) 대한경락경혈학회 2006 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.23 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the analgesic effect of moxi-tar on a rat model of carrageenan-induced arthritis and the relations between moxi-tar-induced analgesia and endogenous NO and iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and c-Fos protein expression in the spinal cord. Methods: Carrageenan-induced arthritis rat model was used to test the effect of moxi-tar as a chronic pain model. After the induction of arthritis, rats subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected Limb for at Least the next 4 days. The reduced stepping force of the Limb was presumably due to a painful knee, since oral injection of indomethacin produced temporary improvement of weight bearing. Moxi-tar dissolved in ethyl alcohol was injected several acupoints. After the treatment, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next 12 hours. Results: Moxi-tar produced significant improvement of stepping force of the hindlimb affected by the arthritis Lasting at Least 9 hours. The magnitude of this improvement was equivalent to that obtained after an oral injection of 3 mg/kg of indomethacin and this improvement of stepping force was interpreted as an analgesic effect. Moxi-tar produced the improvement of stepping force of the affected hindlimb in a dose-dependent manner. Both NO production and iNOS, COX-2 protein expression increased by arthritis were suppressed by moxi-tar. moxi-tar on combination with electroacupuncture (EA) produced more powerful and Longer Lasting improvement of stepping force of the hindlimb affected by the arthritis than either moxi-tar or EA did. Conclusion: The present study suggest that moxi-tar produces a potent analgesic effect on the chronic knee arthritis pain model in the rat and that moxi-tar-induced analgesia modulate endogenous NO through the suppression of iNOS/COX-2 protein expression.

합곡의 구진약침이 흰쥐의 염증성 대장염에 미치는 치료 효과

송재수 ( Jae Soo Song ),양범식 ( Beum Sik Yang ),김선영 ( Sun Young Kim ),홍정아 ( Jeong A Hong ),송정방 ( Jeong Bang Song ),김경식 ( Kyung Sik Kim ),김재효 ( Jae Hyo Kim ),권오상 ( Oh Sang Kwon ),손인철 ( In Chul Sohn ) 대한경락경혈학회 2007 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.24 No.2

Objectives: Ulcerative colitis or Crohn`s disease has been recognized as Ha-ri (下痢) or Jang-Byok (腸벽) in Korean oriental medicine. A purpose of the present study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of moxi-tar herbal acupuncture at LI4 (HapGok) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis in rats and further elucidate the possibility of herbal acupuncture on ulcerative colitis which is chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 170~190 g, were subjected to intrarectal injection of either saline (300 ㎕, 500 ㎕) for a control or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) (300 ㎕, 500 ㎕) for a colitis. Moxi-tar herbal acupuncture at bilateral LI4 was used as the treatment. A volume 0.4 ㎖of moxi-tar (20 ㎎/㎖) were subcutaneously injected to the LI4 just after the secondary injection time of TNBS in rats. To study the effects of Moxi-tar acupuncture in LI4, body weight, RBC count, WBC count, total protein, Paw edema rate, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels were observed. Results: Moxi-tar acupuncture in LI4 on TNBS-induced colitis inhibited the body weight lose rate but not effect RBC, WBC count. In addition, it inhibited the reduction of total protein concentration, paw edema, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels. Conclusions: It is suggested that moxi-tar herbal acupuncture at LI4 helps to recover TNBS-induced colitis and plays an important role for an treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).