다랑어 위내에 들어있는 꽁치 머리의 빈도 해석

박승원 한국수산학회 1982 한국수산과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

주낙으로 漁獲된 다랑어의 胃內에 들어있는 꽁치 머리의 頻度分布를 解析하여 미끼를 삼킨 다랑어가 그 낚시에 낚이는 漁獲率을 推定하기 위하여 2項分布式에서 誘導한 數式을 適用하였다. 꽁치 머리를 삼킨 다랑어가 그 낚시에 낚이는 確率을 p, 낚이지 아니하는 確率을 q, 낚시에 낚인 다랑어가 그 낚시에 꿴 미끼 꽁치 머리를 胃속에 保有하는 確率을 r, 낚이기 前에 삼킨 꽁치 머리를 保有하는 確率을 t로하는 數式에 꽁치 머리頻度의 觀測値를 適合 시켜서 다음과 같은 p/p+q^t값과 r의 最適推定値를 얻었다. 황다랑어; p/p+q^t=0.789, r=0.598 눈다랑어; p/p+q^t=0.810, r=0.608 날개다랑어; p/p+q^t=0.838, r=0.621 With an object to obtain an indication on the efficiency of the saury baits for tuna longline, frequencies of the saury heads found in the tuna stomachs were analysed by the equations developed from the binomial distribution. Four factors were introduced into the equations : The hooking rate, p; rate of not being hooked q; rate of the effective baits retained in the stomachs of the captured tuna r; and the rate of the previously taken baits retained in the tuna stomachs, t. The best estimates of p/p+q^t and r are empirically obtained as follows. Yellowfin tuna : p/p+q^t=0.789, r=0.598 Bigeye tuna : p/p+q^t=0.810, r=0.608 Albacore tun : p/p+q^t=0.838, r=0.621

A Study on the Development of Productive Language Skills of English for Korean College Students

박승원,김창수 대한영어영문학회 2013 영어영문학연구 Vol.39 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the effective and useful English learning and teaching program through content-based instruction in order to develop English speaking and writing proficiency in terms of learners’ motivation, confidence and anxiety. Each group of 20 Korean college senior students in the controlled and experimental group participated in the study which asked them to use English or Korean alternatively for three (class) hours every week for six months. The results on the participants’ speaking and writing proficiency are determined on the basis of the increase in their TOEIC scores, a well-known speaking and writing proficiency test. In addition, the participants’ motivation, confidence and anxiety levels are measured utilizing questionnaires. It is revealed that content-based instruction under a Korean English instructor rather than a native speaker is successful in enhancing Korean college senior students’ speaking and writing skills of English. Particularly, it works better with the students who have beginning and intermediate speaking and writing proficiency in the experimental group. The program is useful and effective for increasing motivation and confidence along with lowering learning anxiety in speaking and writing English. This study implies that content-based instruction under a Korean English instructor using the communicative skills between Korean and English listening materials including reading is highly positive to develop the speaking and writing proficiency of English.

성장성 두개골 골절(Growing Skull Fracture) 1예

박승원,목진호,이상경,민병국,석종식,최덕영 중앙대부설한국의과학연구소 1990 한국의과학 Vol.22 No.3

후방경유 요추 융합수술시 척추후관절낭 손상의 운동역학적 영향

박승원,김영백,황성남,최덕영,권정택,민병국,석종식,Park, Seung Won,Kim, Young Baeg,Hwang, Sung Nam,Choi, Duck Young,Kwon, Jeong Taik,Min, Byung Kook,Suk, Jong Sik 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.3

Objectives : Although posterior lumbar fusion operations had been reported to accelerate spinal degeneration, there have been only a few studies for their biomechanical effects. We have studied the change of motion range at the vertebral joint one level above the fusion(UVJ) in pedicle screw fixation group(PSF)(n=13) where facet capsule was destroyed and in posterior lumbar interbody fusion group(PLIF)(n=8) where it was spared. Patients and Methods : The patients were divided into early(3 to 6 months) and late(over 12 months) according to postoperative follow-up period. The flexion, extension and flexion-extension angles(FA, EA, FEA) were measured at the UVJ with pre-operative, early and late post-operative films. Results : Mean age and male to female ratio were $52.7{\pm}9.3$ and 1 : 3.2. Mean follow-up periods were $144.1{\pm}30.0$ and $528.8{\pm}160.3$ days in early and late groups, respectively. The FEA and FA in the late PSF($11.8{\pm}3.1$, $8.5{\pm}2.9$) were significantly greater than pre-operative angles($7.8{\pm}3.9$, $5.1{\pm}3.7$)(p<0.01, p<0.05). All angles in the PLIF showed no significant changes with time. The FEA and FA in the late PSF($11.8{\pm}3.1$, $8.5{\pm}2.9$) were significantly greater than those of the late PLIF($7.6{\pm}2.3$, $3.4{\pm}2.0$)(p<0.01, p<0.001). All angles at early follow-up period were similar between PSF and PLIF. The EA showed no significant change in relation with follow-up period or fusion method. Conclusion : As a result, the facet capsule injury in pedicle screw fixation seems to be related with increased flexion angle or degeneration of the adjacent joint above the fused vertebra in the late phase.

LNT 시스템에서 연료 최적화

박승원,백두성 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.11

Currently the number of automobile have been increased constantly and emissions emitted from automobiles are increasing gradually in terms of contribution of total amount of environmental air pollution. Accordingly the development of environmentally friendly eco-vehicles have been researched in many different research fields. Electric vehicle have been developed by Tesla and the market share is more then 80% and the key technology depanes on durability and acceleration of battery and motor. Environmentally friendly eco-vehicle using hydrogen, LPG, CNG and bio-fuel has modified and developed existing internal combustion engines. However, automobile engines to generate power have been used for 100 years after industrial revolution and there are a technical barrier in substituting internally combustible engine with electric vehicle and gasoline and diesel engine need to be developed to become environmentally friendly eco-vehicle by controlling exhaust emissions. In particular, diesel engine is better than gasoline engine in terms of thermal efficiency and engine power but more harmful particulate matter and NOx are emitted aggravate air pollution. This research aims to optimize fuel consumption by installing LNT system to a passenger diesel engine and then satisfy recent Euro-VI emission regulation.. 현재 자동차수는 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며 자동차에서 배출되는 배출가스는 점차적으로 총 환경오염에 미치는 영향이 심각해진고 있다. 이에 따라서 전기 자동차 등 친환경자동차에 대한 개발을 여러 분야에서 서둘러 연구 개발하고 있다. 전기자동차는 테슬라를 중심으로 연구 개발이 되고 있으며 전기시장의 80% 이상을 지배하고 있다. 핵심기술인 모터의 가속성과 내구성이 기술의 관건이라고 할 수 있다. 친환경자동차로는 수소, LPG. CNG와 바이오연로를 사용하는 자동차로서 기존의 내연기관을 수정하여 발전시킨 기술이라고 할수 있다, 그러나 산업혁명이후 100년 동안 동력을 발생하기위하여 사용된 자동차용 기관을 전기 자동차를 대체하기에는 기술적인 한계가 있으며 향후로도 계속해서 기존의 가솔린과 디젤엔진을 배기가스 제어를 통해서 친환경 엔진으로 개발해야 한다고 판단된다. 특히 가솔린기관에 비해서 디젤기관은 열효율과 출력이 높지만, 다량의 입자상물질과 질소산화물이 발생되어 환경을 악화하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 승용디젤차에 LNT를 적용하여 연료소비를 최적화하는 기술을 개발하여 Euro-VI 배기규제에 대응하고자 한다.

직장류(Rectocele)

박승원,이재정,박철재 대한대장항문학회 1995 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.11 No.2

The development of Children's English Language Skills through the Use of Animation in the Classroom

박승원 신영어영문학회 2007 신영어영문학 Vol.38 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of using animation in the development of English teaching and learning. The questionnaire data reveal that when they are naturally exposed to an English-friendly environment in the classroom students feel effects in developing the four skills of English equally. At the end of the first semester, the majority of students felt strong confidence and interest because they were fairly comfortable using animation in terms of integrated English education. This study proposes that authentic learning materials such as animation need to be more widely used in the context of the English-friendly classroom as frequently as possible.

담관낭종치험 1례

박승원,현봉일,남경진 釜山醫師會 1986 釜山醫師會誌 Vol.22 No.3

A comparative study of vocabulary in Korean third grade and Chinese first grade elementary school English textbooks - with a realistic perspective on the four English language skills -

박승원 한국현대영어영문학회 2009 현대영어영문학 Vol.53 No.2

The aim of this study was to analyze the lexical characteristics of Korean and Chinese elementary school textbooks and the way in which the four basic language skills of English were presented in those textbooks. The texts for the analysis consisted of a Korean third grade elementary school English textbook and a Chinese first grade elementary school English textbook. Analysis of English vocabulary and comparison of the English language skills between the two countries presented the following results. First, a greater number of English vocabulary items were found in the Chinese textbook than in the Korean textbook. Second, the Korean textbook contained more content words than function words. Third, vocabulary analysis according to theme demonstrated that the Chinese textbook contained a greater diversity of words for each thematic area than the Korean textbook. In addition, a comparison of vocabulary reflecting the cultural background of each country showed that the first grade Chinese English textbook listed more words than the third grade Korean English textbook.

전승 양상에 따른 이정(二程) 철학의 차별성 연구

박승원 영남퇴계학연구원 2017 퇴계학논집 Vol.- No.20

This study aims to explore differentiations of the two Ch'engs'(Cheng-Hao and Cheng-Yi) philosophy through transmission aspect. Their idea on Heavenly Principle(天理 tianli) and moral cultivation(修養 xiuyang, or 工夫 gongfu) shows well his philosophical perspective on human and nature and practical vision of how individuals of the society should be. Two Chengs' philosophical perspective and practical vision can be better understood to have been formed as a Confucian response to Buddhist and Daoist philosophy that were dominant in the intellectual scene of the Northern Song. Ch'eng brothers's thoughts and achievements is known to us through the sayings recorded by there students and successors. Zhu-xi is a most representative and successful one of them. For his influences, until recently we appreciated that both shared the same ideas, so we may called "two chengs(二程)". But some modern philosophers assumed that there were substantial differences between them. This study focused on these considerable differences and established fundamental reason that created these in various aspects. Ch’eng-Hao and Ch’eng-Yi elaborated on the shared vision, revealing their philosophical uniqueness. Cheng-Hao assumes that we do not need to look for Heavenly Principle in external things. Because he thinks that we become aware of Heavenly Principle by looking into ourselves. This approach is much vaguer and less consistent than his brother Cheng-Yi. But his view of nature and human is emotionally more plentiful. For him fundamental unity of all things is not a concept but an experience. So the mutual depedent of opposites is a harmony to be appreciated for itself. And it gives meaning to good and death, life and death, right and wrong, beauty and ugliness. This study addressed these issues in-depth and suggested new opinion in various ways. 본 연구는 정호(程顥)와 정이(程頤)의 철학이 전승되는 과정에서 드러내는 차별성을 규명하고자 했으며, 그에 따라 철학사 안에서 두 사람의 철학을 바라보는 새로운 관점을 설정하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 무엇보다 정호와 정이를 하나의 철학으로 묶으려고 하는 기존의 관점에서 벗어날 필요가 있다고 본다. 정호와 정이는 천리(天理)의 체인(體認)을 통해 자연과 하나가 되는 인간, 즉 성인(聖人)됨을 학문의 목표로 삼았다. 이러한 학문적 목표의 동일성과 다른 학문들에 대한 태도의 유사성에도 불구하고 둘 사이의 차별성이 존재하게 된 것은 정호의 이른 죽음이었다고 할 수 있다. 정호의 생전에 자기 목소리를 내지 못했던 정이는 정호의 사후 20년 간 자신의 철학을 전개할 수 있는 기회를 얻게 되었다. 특히 천지와 선악을 바라보는 정호와 정이의 관점은 분명히 차별성을 가지고 있었다. 맹자의 성선 개념을 보다 충실히 계승한 정이에 비해 정호는 공자로 거슬러 올라가는 유학의 무위자연적 측면을 고려하였던 것으로 보인다. 다음으로 정호와 정이의 철학적 차별성이 후대의 유학의 분기의 단초가 될 수 있는지 살펴보았다. 천리를 자신의 철학의 중심으로 삼은 점에서 두 사람은 리학(理學)으로 묶을 수 있다. 그러나 후대의 학자들에 의해 정호는 자기 내면에서 천리를 체인함을 강조하고, 정이는 여기에서 그치지 않고 외부 사물에 대한 탐구를 통해 천리를 인식하는 것을 중시했다는 의미에서 리학과 심학(心學)으로 구분되기도 하였다. 그러나 그들이 차별화될 수 있었던 것은 천지자연과 선악(善惡)에 대한 관점이라고 할 수 있다. 세상을 하나의 완전한 것으로 바라보고자 했던 정호에 비해 정이는 세상을 선과 악의 이원적 구조로 파악하고 악이 선에 의해 제압되는 보다 완전한 세상을 꿈꾸었다. 다시 말해 인간의 본성을 하나의 천리로 만들어 모든 세상을 도덕적으로 탈바꿈시키려는 것이었다. 정이의 구상은 후대의 심학(心學) 계열의 현대 철학자들에게 공격받았다. 그들은 정이와 주희를 하나의 계열로 묶으면서 유학 내의 정통이 아닌 특수한 계열로 보았으며, 정호에 비해 그 철학적 경지가 낮다고 평가하였다. 주희가 정이의 철학을 중심으로 삼았던 것은 분명하나 정호를 철저히 배제한 것은 아니었다. ‘성리학’이라는 주희의 원대한 구상 속에서 북송오자의 학문은 녹아들어 있다. 정이가 그 중심이기는 했지만, 정호 또한 충분한 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구는 정호와 정이의 철학적 차별성을 규명하여 그들 철학의 우위를 가리려는 것이 아니라 성리학이라는 큰 그릇 안에서 담길 수 있는 이야기들의 원형을 보이기 위한 것이었다.