Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius Ren on cancer prevention and intestinal microbiota in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat model

Ming Zhang,Xing Fan,Bing Fang,Chengzhen Zhu,Jun Zhu,Fazheng Ren 한국미생물학회 2015 The journal of microbiology Vol.53 No.6

Probiotics have been suggested as a prophylactic measure in colon cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Lactobacillus salivarius Ren (Ren) in modulating colonic microbiota structure and colon cancer incidence in a rat model after injection with 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH). The results indicated that oral administration of Ren could effectively suppress DMH-induced colonic carcinogenesis. A significant decrease in cancer incidence (87.5% to 25%) was detected in rats fed with a dose of 5 × 1010 CFU/kg bodyweight per day. Using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Real-time PCR combined with multivariate statistical methods, we demonstrated that injection with DMH significantly altered the rat gut microbiota, while Ren counteracted these DMH-induced adverse effects and promoted reversion of the gut microbiota close to the healthy state. Tvalue biplots followed by band sequencing identified 21 bacterial strains as critical variables affected by DMH and Ren. Injection of DMH significantly increased the amount of Ruminococcus species (sp.) and Clostridiales bacteria, as well as decreasing the Prevotella sp. Administration of Ren reduced the amount of Ruminococcus sp., Clostridiales bacteria, and Bacteroides dorei, and increased the amount of Prevotella. Real-time PCR results were consistent with the results derived by t-value biplots. These findings suggested that Ren is a potential agent for colon cancer prevention. In conclusion, the results in the present study suggest a potential therapeutic approach based on the modulation of intestinal microflora by probiotics may be beneficial in the prevention of colorectal carcinogenesis.

Effect and Mechanism of Glutamine on Productive Performance and Egg Quality of Laying Hens

Dong, Xiao-Ying,Yang, Chu-Fen,Tang, Sheng-Qiu,Jiang, Qing-Yan,Zou, Xiao-Ting Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.8

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary glutamine (Gln) on the productive performance and egg quality of laying hens. A total of four hundred Lingnan Yellow laying hens aged 34 weeks were randomly assigned into four groups (100 laying hens/group), and fed, respectively, with diets supplemented with 0% (control group), 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% Gln during the 6-week feeding period. The results were as follows. First, the productivity of laying hens fed with 0.8% Gln in diet was significantly increased (p<0.05); however, the egg quality (egg weight, yolk weight, shell weight, egg shape index, shell thickness, shell density, shell breaking strength, yolk color, yolk index, and Haugh unit) was not affected compared with that of the control group (p>0.05). Second, luteinizing hormone (LH) (p<0.01), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (p<0.01), triiodothyronine ($T_3$), and tetraiodothyronine ($T_4$) contents (p<0.05) in blood of laying hens fed with 0.8% Gln in diets were also significantly improved, and greater improvement in the duodenum and oviduct structure was observed in that treatment group. This study indicated for the first time that diets with 0.8% Gln were able to increase the productive performance of laying hens through stimulating hormone secretion and better development of both the duodenum and oviduct structure in laying hens.

Optical Switchable Electrowetting Lens

Lei Li,Chao Liu,Hongwen Ren,Qiong-Hua Wang IEEE 2016 IEEE photonics technology letters Vol.28 No.14

<P>The authors report an optical switchable lens using an electrowetting liquid lens. The optical switchable lens is obtained through two different paths, either the annular aperture or the central aperture of the liquid lens. Three polarizers and a liquid crystal cell are used as a light shutter for the two-path transition. A prototype is demonstrated, and the authors analyzed the properties of the switchable electrowetting liquid lens. In contrast to the conventional liquid lenses, our lens system can present high optical power with high resolution for the path of annular aperture, while it can reduce the aberrations and extend the depth of field for the path of central clear aperture. Our lens system has potential applications in target tracking, biomedical science, imaging security, and portable electronic devices.</P>

生活선的哲學味道

( Jun Heng Sun ),( Yue Li ),( Ren Gu Xi ) 동아시아불교문화학회 2012 동아시아불교문화 Vol.11 No.-

“生活선”是中國淨慧法師在1991年提出來,在1993年거辦第一屆生活선夏令營的時候,正式推出 “生活선”理念。淨慧法師的生活선主旨是:선與生活是同時幷存的,有生活就有선;就是要讓선回到生活中;就是希望佛法能구淨化人心,淨化社會;爲了讓更多的人安身立命,要普及佛法,利用선接引當機;佛敎只有落實到生活的各個方面,才能진正變成自己的血肉和靈魂。要在心態上時時觀照自己,時時把信仰和言行打成一片,加以修行。我們認爲,“生活선” 將佛敎深奧的道理現實化了,具有可操作性,蘊含了豊富的哲學辯證法,閃朔著智慧的光芒。下面僅就當下與未來、點滴與善果、理念與修行、塵世與超越四大方面加以說明。 Living Zen was proposed by the Chinese Zen Master Jing Hui in 1991, the main idea are: Zen and life side by side, there is life, there is Zen; We should make Zen back to life; Buddhism can purify the mind, purify society; In order to allow more people to settle down, the popularity of Buddhism, Zen should be implemented in all aspects of life, can truly become our own flesh, blood and soul. Man should always observe oneself, beliefs and behavior from Buddhism. We believe that the “Living Zen” is an important truth of Buddhism today and it contains a wealth of philosophical dialectics, for example, the four relations between the present and the future, the small and the big, idea and practice, the actual and beyond, shining the lights of wisdom.

Hepatitis C Virus Nonstructural 5A Protein Interacts with Telomere Length Regulation Protein: Implications for Telomere Shortening in Patients Infected with HCV

Yun-Sook Lim,Men T.N. Nguyen,Thuy X. Pham,Trang T.X. Huynh,Eun-Mee Park,Dong Hwa Choi,Sang Min Kang,Dongseob Tark,Soon B. Hwang 한국분자세포생물학회 2022 Molecules and cells Vol.45 No.3

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease and is highly dependent on cellular proteins for viral propagation. Using protein microarray analysis, we identified 90 cellular proteins as HCV nonstructural 5A (NS5A) interacting partners, and selected telomere length regulation protein (TEN1) for further study. TEN1 forms a heterotrimeric complex with CTC and STN1, which is essential for telomere protection and maintenance. Telomere length decreases in patients with active HCV, chronic liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the molecular mechanism of telomere length shortening in HCV-associated disease is largely unknown. In the present study, protein interactions between NS5A and TEN1 were confirmed by immunoprecipitation assays. Silencing of TEN1 reduced both viral RNA and protein expression levels of HCV, while ectopic expression of the siRNA-resistant TEN1 recovered the viral protein level, suggesting that TEN1 was specifically required for HCV propagation. Importantly, we found that TEN1 is re-localized from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in HCV-infected cells. These data suggest that HCV exploits TEN1 to promote viral propagation and that telomere protection is compromised in HCV-infected cells. Overall, our findings provide mechanistic insight into the telomere shortening in HCV-infected cells.

동 아세아 및 미국의 환율과 금융 협력

왕연균 ( Yen Kyun Wang ) 국제지역학회 2007 국제지역연구 Vol.11 No.3

동아세아는 역내 교역의존도가 높고 무역구조가 유사해 경쟁적 평가절하와 위기전염 가능성이 높다. 과다한 단기자본 유입이 자산인플레, 환율 과대평가를 일으켜 외환위기를 반복할 위험이 크다. 국제금융 불균형도 협력으로 해결이 용이해진다. 환율협력 형태로 동아세아 개도국들이 신축적인 BBC(바스켓, 밴드, 크롤) 환율제도를 택고 엔/달러환율을 밴드 내에서 고정시킬 것을 논의한다. 논의되어온 바스켓, 균형환율, 밴드, 크롤방안을 검토하고 개선될 점들을 논의한다. 엔을 포함한 동아세아 통화들을 바스켓으로 하고 이를 반영하는 ACU와의 중심환율에 각국은 독자적인 밴드를 두고 기본여건을 반영하여 중심환율을 크롤(crawl)하게 한다. 그리고 ACU를 달러, 유로의 바스켓에 연결토록 한다. 단위노동지수가 물가보다 빠르게 상승하는 경우에는 단위노동지수를 사용한 실질실효환율이 수출경쟁력을 보다 잘 반영함으로 이를 크롤에 반영함이 좋다. 동아세아는 달러와 엔에 대한 환율안정이 필요하고 엔 캐리 트레이드의 방지가 필요하다. 엔/달러 환율을 밴드 내에서 고정시켜야 일본과 미국의 금리 차이를 줄여 엔 캐리 트레이드를 방지할 수있다. 환율안정을 위해서 일관성 있는 정책이 필요하다. 신중한 재정정책, 신축적인 생산요소와 생산물 가격이 필요하고 환율을 목표수준에 안정시키기 위해서는 금리통제를 포기해야한다. 국내금융기관이 취약하고 국제단기자본이 유출에 비해 과잉 유입되는 경우에는 단기 자본 유입을 통제하는 것도 유용한 방법이다. 싱가폴의 성공적인 BBC제도 경험을 검토하고 시사점을 논의한다. 역내의 환율안정기금의 확대, 동아세아의 투자증대, 미국의 저축증대, 동아세아의 시장개방과 개혁, 역내 조사, 감시 및 감독의 강화가 필요하다. This paper discusses ways of exchange rate cooperation between East Asian countries and USA. In order to prevent competitive depreciations, excessive inflows of foreign capital and the crisis contagion in the region, cooperation in exchange rate and financial policies is very important. Adopting flexible BBC (basket, band, crawl) exchange rate system jointly in East Asia would be desirable. Ways of improvement in basket, band and crawl proposed by others will be discussed. Japanese yen needs to be included in the regional basket, not in the outside basket. When they crawl their central rates within bands, real effective exchange rates (REER) using unit labor cost indexes need to be used to keep export competitiveness constant. Without stabilizing the yen/dollar exchange rates interest rates of Japan will continue to be lower than those of USA and emerging East Asian countries, and yen-carry trade will appear when the expected exchange rate of the yen is uncertain. Thus the yen/dollar rate needs to be fixed within a band. Sound and consistent economic policies are essential for the BBC system. Prudential fiscal policy, flexible prices of productive factors, proper interest policy and effective use of foreign reserves are needed. Singapore experiences in the BBC system will be studied and lessons from it will be discussed. .Capital control could be helpful in the face of excessive capital inflows. Expansion of the Bilateral Swap Agreement in the region wold be helpful for the liquidity crunch.

Production performances and antioxidant activities of laying hens fed Aspergillus oryzae and phytase co-fermented wheat bran

Huang Chung Ming,Chuang Wen Yang,Lin Wei Chih,Lin Li Jen,Chang Sheng Chang,Lee Tzu Tai 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.3

Objective: Wheat bran (WB) was co-fermented with Aspergillus oryzae and phytase (Phy) to determine whether co-fermentation improve WB phosphorus and fiber utilization in Isa-brown layers. Methods: A total of 112 Isa brown layer were randomly divided into 7 treatments with 8 replicates per a treatment and 2 hens per a replicate. The treatments included basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with 250 unit/kg Phy (control+Phy), diet with 10% WB (10% WB), diet with 5% WB and 250 unit/kg Phy (5% WB+Phy) diet with 10% WB and 250 unit/kg Phy (10% WB+Phy), diet with 5% fermented WB supplemented with molasses and phy (PCFWH) and 125 unit/kg Phy (5% PCFWH), and diet with 10% PCFWH (10% PCFWH). The intestinal microbial population, intestinal morphology, serum antioxidant enzyme activities, and excreta phosphorus content were assessed. Results: In PCFWH, spore counts, protease activity, xylanase activity, and ferulic acid were 8.50 log/g dry matter (DM), 190 unit/g DM, 120 unit/g DM, and 127 μg/g, respectively. Xylobiose and xylotriose were released in PCFWH, while they were not detectable in WB. Antioxidant capacity was also enhanced in PCFWH compared to WB. The 10% WB+Phy and 10% PCFWH groups produced higher egg mass, but hens fed 5% WB+Phy had the lowest amount of feed intake. Eggs from 10% PCFWH had better eggshell weight, eggshell strength, and eggshell thickness. Birds fed with 10% PCFWH also had higher serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Compare to control, 10% PCFWH significantly reduced excreta phosphorus content. Conclusion: Diet inclusion of 10% PCFWH improved egg quality, antioxidant status, and excreta phosphorus content of laying hens. Objective: Wheat bran (WB) was co-fermented with Aspergillus oryzae and phytase (Phy) to determine whether co-fermentation improve WB phosphorus and fiber utilization in Isa-brown layers.Methods: A total of 112 Isa brown layer were randomly divided into 7 treatments with 8 replicates per a treatment and 2 hens per a replicate. The treatments included basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with 250 unit/kg Phy (control+Phy), diet with 10% WB (10% WB), diet with 5% WB and 250 unit/kg Phy (5% WB+Phy) diet with 10% WB and 250 unit/kg Phy (10% WB+Phy), diet with 5% fermented WB supplemented with molasses and phy (PCFWH) and 125 unit/kg Phy (5% PCFWH), and diet with 10% PCFWH (10% PCFWH). The intestinal microbial population, intestinal morphology, serum antioxidant enzyme activities, and excreta phosphorus content were assessed.Results: In PCFWH, spore counts, protease activity, xylanase activity, and ferulic acid were 8.50 log/g dry matter (DM), 190 unit/g DM, 120 unit/g DM, and 127 μg/g, respectively. Xylobiose and xylotriose were released in PCFWH, while they were not detectable in WB. Antioxidant capacity was also enhanced in PCFWH compared to WB. The 10% WB+Phy and 10% PCFWH groups produced higher egg mass, but hens fed 5% WB+Phy had the lowest amount of feed intake. Eggs from 10% PCFWH had better eggshell weight, eggshell strength, and eggshell thickness. Birds fed with 10% PCFWH also had higher serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Compare to control, 10% PCFWH significantly reduced excreta phosphorus content.Conclusion: Diet inclusion of 10% PCFWH improved egg quality, antioxidant status, and excreta phosphorus content of laying hens.

Expression of gibberellin 2-oxidase 4 from Arabidopsis under the Control of a Senescence-associated Promoter Results in a Dominant Semi-dwarf Plant with Normal Flowering

Lee, Dong Hee,Lee, In Chul,Kim, Kook Jin,Kim, Dong Su,Na, Hyung Jin,Lee, In-Jung,Kang, Sang-Mo,Jeon, Hyung-Woo,Le, Phi Yen,Ko, Jae-Heung 한국식물학회 2014 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.57 No.2

Gibberellin (GA), a plant hormone, is involved in many aspects of plant growth and development both in vegetative and reproductive phases. GA2-oxidase plays a key role in the GA catabolic pathway to reduce bioactive GAs. We produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing GA2-oxidase 4 (AtGA2ox4) under the control of a senescence-associated promoter (SEN1). As we hypothesized, transgenic plants (SEN1::AtGA2ox4) exhibited a dominant semi-dwarf phenotype with a decrease of bioactive GAs (e.g., GA4 and GA1) up to two-fold compared to control plants. Application of bioactive GA3 resulted in increased shoot length, indicating that the GA signaling pathway functions normally in the SEN1::AtGA2ox4 plants. Expressions of other members of GA2-oxidase family, such as AtGA2ox1, AtGA2ox3, AtGA2ox6, and AtGA2ox8, were decreased slightly in the flower and silique tissues while GA biosynthetic genes (e.g., AtGA20ox1, AtGA20ox2 and AtGA3ox1) were not significantly changed in the SEN::AtGA2ox4 plants. Using proteome profiling (2-D PAGE followed by MALDI-TOF/MS), we identified 29 protein spots that were increased in the SEN1::AtGA2ox4 plants, but were decreased to wild-type levels by GA3 treatment. The majority were found to be involved in photosynthesis and carbon/energy metabolism. Unlike the previous constitutive over-expression of GA2-oxidases, which frequently led to floral deformity and/or loss of fertility, the SEN1::AtGA2ox4 plants retained normal floral morphology and seed production. Accordingly, the expressions of FT and CO genes remained unchanged in the SEN1::AtGA2ox4 plants. Taken together, our results suggest that the dominant dwarf trait carried by SEN1::AtGA2ox4 plants can be used as an efficient dwarfing tool in plant biotechnological applications.

승단의 화합실현과 지도자의 역할

손성우(Ven. Deokmun) 불교학연구회 2017 불교학연구 Vol.52 No.-

승단이 화합을 실현하며 운영되려면 어떠한 조건을 갖추어야 하며 특히 승단을 운영하는 지도자는 어떠한 조건을 갖추어야 하는가에 대한 고민을 사분율행사초와 사분율자지기에서 도선과 원조가 정리한 내용을 중심으로 살펴보았다 . 승단이 화합하며 그 역할을 다하기 위해서는 청정성을 유지하는 일이 중요하며 , 화합승가를 구현하기 위해서는 청정대중 및 도량이 중요하다 할 수 있다 . 이러한 조건 위에 화합승가를 유지하는 각종 갈마를 여법여율하게 진행할 수 있는 지도자의 역할이 대단히 중요하다 . 그 지도자의 자격이나 역할에 대해 살펴보고 , 범계 에 대한 예방을 위한 조치와 범계에 대한 거갈마 (擧羯磨) 와 갈마를 푸는 법 등을 살펴보았으며 , 공양물의 분배나 승제 (僧制) 로 시행된 비법갈마의 사례들을 통해 부처님 당시에 행해졌던 승가시스템과 현재 우리의 모습은 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 살펴보았다 . 화합승가를 구성하고 유지하는데 지도자역할을 할 수 있는 대표적인 소임자가 의지 사이다 . 의지사로서의 역할을 감당할 수 있고 승단구성원은 승단운영을 위한 각종 갈마에 대한 정확한 이해가 있어야만 청정화합승가의 유지를 위한 각종 갈마를 할 수 있다 . 그러나 조계종승가의 경우 교육의 부재로 이러한 시스템을 원만하게 운영할 수 없는 상 황에 있다고 볼 수 있다 . 청정승가를 유지하는데 필요한 여러 가지 제도에 대한 저술이 도선의 사분율행사초이며 그 정신을 계승한 것이 원조의 사분율자지기이다 . 이 저술은 송대 이후에 중국불교나 한국불교에서 거의 활용되지 못하였으나 중국의 경우 민국 때 홍일 (弘一) 율사가 四分律行事鈔資持記扶桑集釋 이라는 저술을 남겼고 이를 바탕으로 현재 대만불교의 계율도량이 설립･운영되고 있다 . 대만불교의 부흥은 우리에게도 참으로 부러운 일중의 하나인데 , 이러한 부러움을 만들어낸 기초가 바로 사분율행사초와 자지기를 통 해 마련되었다고 볼 수 있다 . 보다 폭넓고 깊이 있는 연구와 활용을 통해 한국불교도 화합승가의 모습을 이루어내고 감동과 공경으로 승가를 대하는 모습이 이루어졌으면 한다. This study examined what conditions should be in place in order to operate a Buddhist order in harmony and what conditions a leader of a Buddhist order should be equipped with, focusing on Sabunyulsahaengcho by Ven. Doseon and Sabunyuljajigi by Ven. Wonjo. For a Buddhist order to complete its role in harmony, maintaining the state of undefilement free from earthly desire and evil is important. Here, the pureness of members and of the bodhimanda is indispensable for realizing a harmonious Sangha. Based on this condition, the role of a leader who conducts kamma in accordance with Dharma and Vinaya is very important to maintain a harmonious Sangha. Therefore, this study looked into the qualification and role of a leader, considered useful measures to prevent breaking the precepts, and examined how to discipline those who break the precept by denying their conducting kamma ( 擧羯磨 ) and how to forgive them when they repent their misconduct by admitting their kamma ( 解羯磨 ). In addition, this paper also looked into the differences between the Sangha system in the time of Buddha and the present one through non-Dharma kamma in the distribution of offerings and monastic system( 僧制 ). Sabunyulsahaengcho of Ven. Doseon suggests various systematic help useful to maintain a clean Sangha and Sabunyuljajigi of Ven. Wonjo succeeded to the principle. These books have seldom been used in Chinese Buddhism and Korean Buddhism since the Song Dynasty. However, Ven. Hongil ( 弘一 ) of the Republic of China left a book, Sabunyulsahaengchojajigibusangjipsek ( 四分律行事鈔資持記扶桑 集釋 ), of which principle became the foundation of many Taiwanese temples of vinaya that were newly established and have been operated following it. The revitalization of Taiwan Buddhism deserves our envy and the basis of the revitalization was laid by Sabunyulsahaengcho and Jajigi. I hope that Korean Buddhism will realize a harmonious Sangha and will honor Sangha with appreciation and respect as the result of further research.

미세전류가 수부체성경혈점의 실험적 통증 역치에 미치는 영향

박래준,전제균,조정선 대한물리치료학회 1994 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the effects of microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation 2) to compare surface electrode with needle electrode at somatic acupuncture points on experimental pain threshold measured at the distal end of the radius 3) to determine the changes in effect over time. A total of sixty healthy adult male and female subjects were assigned randomly to one of two experimental group or to a control group. Group 1(n=20) received MENS(Microcurrent Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation) with surface electrode. Group 2(n=20) received MENS with needle electrode. Group 3(n=20) received no MENS. It measured experimental pain threshold at the wrist on pretreatment, 0 min after treatment. 15 min after treatment, 30 min after treatment in two experimental group. The results were as follows: 1. Experimental pain thresholds were higher ire males than females(P$lt;0.01). 2. Only the experimental group exhibited a significant increased in pain threshold after MENS treatment(P$lt;0.05). 3. Surface electrode group increased significant pain threshold 0 min, 15 min after treatment, but greatly decrease 30 min after treatment. 4. Needle electrode group increased significant pain threshold 0 min, 15 min after treatment, but decrease 30 min after treatment. The results suggest that MENS applied to appropriate somatic acupuncture point can increase pain threshold. Further research is needed to assess, the effects of greatly variety intensity of MENS of pain sufferes.