음악줄넘기 운동이 남자 중학생의 기초체력 향상에 미치는 영향

강경환,백광,김재일 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of music rope-skipping training on the physical fitness of middle school student. Forty students participated in this study. They was divided into control group and experimental group, and each group consisted of twenty students, respectively. Experimental group participated in twelve week music rope-skipping training twice a week. Both group took pre-test before experiment and post-test after experiment, Physical fitness assessment tests consisted of long jump, shuttle run, 1600m run, and trunk flexion. The study results were followings: There was a significant difference in long jump scores between two groups. There was no significant difference in shuttle run scores between two groups. There was a significant difference in 1600m run scores between two groups. There was no significant difference in trunk flexion scores between two groups.

실업계 남녀 고등학생들의 체육 수업에 관한 의식 연구 분석

강경환 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of consciousness on a physical education class between boy students and girl students in the vocational high school, Three hundred students were selected from three vocational high schools in Chungnam. Questionnaires were completed by self-administrated method and collected for completion. The following conclusion was drawn from the questionnaire. First, both boy students and girl students liked physical education class, Boy students preferred physical education class to girl students, boy students wanted to take a physical education class three time a week, and girl students twice a weep Their favorite practical item was ball games, and they wanted to take a lesson about current events of the sports and the history of physical education, They wanted to maintain their health and to improve the physical strength through physical education class, The degree of satisfaction for physical education class was normal, Second, in the consciousness on the physical teachers, there were riot significant differences between boy students and girl students, Third, in the consciousness on practical exams, there were significant differences between boy students and girl students in evaluation after enough learning periods and fairness of the practical evaluation. Last, in the consciousness on physical facilities, there were significant differences between boy students and girl students in satisfaction about facilities used in physical education class and safety of the facilities used in physical education class.

식품공장폐수의 활성오니처리중 오존에 의한 산화분해효과

강경수,최영찬,하진환,송대진 濟州大學校 工科大學 産業技術硏究所 1991 産業技術硏究報告 Vol.2 No.-

For the increase of treatment efficiency when waste water which included residual chlorine was biologically treated with activated sludge, elimination efficiency of COD and change of transmittance by activated sludge method were examined after the treatment of residual chlorine with ozone of 100 volt and l0ℓ-air/min., 0.8g-0_(3)/hr. in velocity. The results were as follows. 1) When the sample which included residual chlorine was treated with ozone of 0.8g-O_(3)/hr., COD removal rate by the change of pH and ozonization time was more efficient than acidity solution of pH 3.2(20%) and alkaline solution of pH 12.0(10%). Since the COD removal rate become 35% after 50 minutes of ozonization time at neutral solution of pH 7.2. 2) After the residual chlorine included sample was treated with ozone for 50 minutes to make the F/M rate of 0.1㎏·BOD/㎏·MLSS, the sample was reacted with activated sludge for 3, 6, 9 and 15 hours. The 6 hours reaction gave 85.8% COD elimination which showed higher efficiency than 60.5% by Na_(2)S_(2)O_(3) treatment togather with shorting efficiency of reaction time. 3) When such sample as polyphenol which gives dark brown color was treated with ozone for 50 minutes after being made into acidic, neutral and alkaline solution. the transmittance increased from 30- 40% to 70% and gave better result in alkaline solution.

생산라인의 설비효율 증대 확보를 위한 CBT System구축에 관한 연구

강경식,나승훈,김동환 한국경영과학회 1994 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1

Developing the safety training program has been a major research topic in C B T as well as in traditional teaching and learning. With regard to determining learning control in CBT, it is important to consider not only the characteristics of learning tasks but also student's individual difference. In this regard, the purposes of this study are to develop the CBT program as well as animation program in order to increase the student's performance.

Centerless Feeder 장치의 개발

강형모,권경우,김기길,정의식,허영환 한밭대학교 산업과학기술연구소 1994 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

This paper presents results of the development of centerless feeding system which are applicable to bearing metal processes. As a result, the feeding system can be applied to automatic surface finishing on the bearing metal process such as bush, and has greatly effects on the increase of the prodnctiving and the decrease of the man power an effect on increase the productivity and decrease the man power and effect on increase the productivity and decrease the man power of the bush machining process.

세 학교의 통합교육 운영 사례

강경숙,권택환,김수연,김은주 국립특수교육원 2000 통합교육 시범학교 운영사례집 Vol.2000 No.-

통합교육은 특수교육의 중요한 철학이자 목표일뿐만 아니라 교육현장에서, 매일의 수업 및 생활장면에서 장애아동이 일반학급의 한 구성원으로 또래와 함께 적극적인 참여자가 되기 위한 지원을 제공하는 노력의 과정 그 자체라고 할 수 있다. 지금까지 우리나라의 실정에 적합한 통합교육의 이론이나 모형 개발, 혹은 구체적인 교수방법에 대해서 적지 않은 연구가 이루어졌으나 학교 현장에서 이루어지고 있는 통합교육의 실제를 통해 성공과 실패 요인들을 분석해내는 연구는 부족하다. 이에 본 연구는 선진 외국의 사례나 이론에 맞추어서 바람직한 통합교육의 모습을 알리고 실행방법을 보급하는 것이 목적이 아니라 우리 나라 상황에서 실제적으로 이루어지고 있는 통합교육 현장의 실제를 깊이 있게 분석하고자 하였다. 일반학교에서 이루어지고 있는 매일의 수업과 생활장면에서 통합교육이 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지 살펴보고, 이를 통해 바람직한 사례를 확산시키고, 제대로 이루어지지 않는 사례에 대해서는 그 이유와 원인을 분석하여 제언하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 서울의 공립초등학교 2개교와 경기도의 공립초등학교 1개교로 모두 세 학교의 통합교육 사례를 연구하였다. 한 명의 장애아동을 중심으로 통합학급과 특수학급을 오가면서 세 명의 연구자가 수업을 참여관찰하고 교사 및 아동들과 면담을 실시하였다. 참여관찰 기간은 2000년 4월 10일부터 9월 9일까지로 일주일에 1회, 총 12회 이상 방문하였다. 연구대상 학교의 모든 일반교사와 일반아동, 일반아동의 학부모, 장애아동의 학부모를 대상으로 깊이 있는 면담을 실시할 수는 없었으므로 통합교육에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였으며 각종 서류와 문서들을 내용분석하여 자료를 수집하였다. 참여관찰 및 면담, 설문분석과 내용분석을 통해 세 학교에서 얻은 자료를 바탕으로 연구자간 협의를 거쳐 다음의 네 가지 영역으로 연구 결과를 분석 기술하였다: (1) 통합환경에서의 교육과정 운영; (2) 통합환경에서의 사회적 상호작용; (3) 통합교육을 위한 부모 및 가족 지원과 협력관계; (4) 행정적인 지원 및 지역사회의 연계를 비롯한 여건 조성. 본 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 통합환경에서의 교육과정 운영 면을 살펴보면, 특수학급에서는 특수학급 고유의 교육과정을 운영하고 있었으며, 이 중에는 기능적인 교육과정의 내용이 포함되어 있었다. 특수학급에서의 수업뿐만 아니라 일반학급에서의 수업을 지원하는 것에 대해 특수교사, 일반교사, 부모 모두 관심을 가지고 있었으나 실제로 시행되기에는 어려움이 있었다. 부분적이나마 장애아동이 일반학급에서 받는 수업을 지원하기 위해 크고 작은 시도를 하고 있었는데, 세 학교 모두 특수교사와 일반교사의 협력문제에 대해 어려움을 느끼고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 장애아동이 일반학급에서 받는 수업의 질을 향상하기 위해 요구되는 제도적인 지원들에 대한 논의가 이루어졌다. 둘째, 통합환경에서의 사회적인 상호작용 면을 살펴보면, 통합교육이 비교적 활발히 시행되고 있는 학교를 대상으로 하였으므로 세 학교 모두 장애아동이 일반학급에서 긍정적으로 수용되고 있었으며, 일반교사와 특수교사 모두 장애아동의 사회적인 통합을 위해 다양한 시도를 하고 있었다. 다만 장애아동을 도와주는 친구들은 많이 있으나 동등한 위치의 친구라기보다는 도우미, 혹은 또래 교사로서 도와주는 방법에 더 익숙한 모습을 발견할 수 있었다. 장애아동의 사회적 통합을 촉진하기 위해 이루어지는 교사의 지원과, 또래와의 상호작용을 강화하기 위한 대안들이 제시되었다. 셋째, 부모 및 가족과의 협력관계를 보면, 장애아동의 부모는 통합교육을 간절히 원하고 많은 노력을 기울여 자녀를 통합장면에 배치시키는데 이러한 과정에서 마음의 고충을 많이 겪고 있었다. 장애아동의 부모는 우선적으로 일반아동들과 일반교사들의 장애아동과 통합교육에 대한 인식의 부족이 가장 큰 문제라고 지적하였으며, 일반아동의 부모와 우호적인 관계를 맺기를 원하였다. 장애아동의 부모가 자녀의 통합교육을 위해 적극적으로 활동하는 경우에는 부모들간의 모임을 통해 실패의 경험과 정보를 공유하면서 교사와 협력하여 통합교육의 질을 높이기 위해 노력하는 모습도 볼 수 있었다. 넷째, 행정적 지원 및 전반적인 여건 조성 면에서는 세 학교 중에서 비교적 효율적인 통합교육의 실행에 필요한 행정적인 지원이 제도화되어 있는 한 학교를 중심으로 방법이 설명되었다. 통합교육이 교사 혼자의 의지와 노력에 좌우되는 것이 아니라 행정적으로 지원해줄 수 있는 제도적인 장치의 필요성이 강조되면서 특히 학교장의 역할이 중요한 것으로 제기되었다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 통합교육의 성패에 영향을 미치는 요인에는 여러 가지가 있겠지만 특수 교사와 일반교사의 긴밀한 협력관계가 특히 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 본 연구에서 대상으로 한 세 학교 모두 특수교사나 일반교사가 통합교육의 성공적인 실행을 위해 많은 노력과 다양한 시도를 하고 있기는 하나, 수업 참여를 위한 교수방법이나 또래 교수 혹은 우정을 형성하고 지원하기 위한 전문적인 지식과 프로그램에 대한 자원들이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 통합교육의 성공적인 실행을 위한 다양한 지원체계가 갖추어져야 할 것이다. Inclusion is not only the main philosophy and purpose of special education but also the process of supporting full participation of students with disabilities in every aspect of daily and school life. As the number of special classes increased rapidly in late 80s, inclusion became a central topic in research and practice. In late 90s, the discussion was developed into the application of more concrete strategies for successful inclusion. The quality of inclusive education also began to draw attention. However, there has not been enough research about the facilitating factors and impeding factors of inclusive education based on the analyses of the existing practices of inclusive education conducted in real school settings. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate what is really going on in the classes and schools where children with special needs are included. Rather than aiming to disseminate the desirable aspects of inclusive education in developed countries, this study was designed to analyze the current practices of inclusive education in Korea, address the facilitators of inclusion based on exemplary cases, and make suggestions to remove impeding factors. Two public elementary schools in Seoul and one public elementary school in Kyunggi-do are the main sites of the study. Over a period of time between April 10th and September 9th, the three researchers observed a student with disabilities in each site both in his or her self-contained and integrated settings. For the data collection, the researchers visited the sites once a week, at least 12 times for each school. Since it was unrealistic to interview all the general education teachers, the students without disabilities and their parents, and parents of the students with disabilities in the three schools, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate their perceptions of inclusive education and the students with disabilities. Also, content analysis was conducted on the documents gathered to examine overall state of managing inclusive education. Findings are organized into four themes that emerged from the analysis of the data from participant observation, interviews, a survey, and document reviews: (a) curriculum management in inclusive settings; (b) social interactions in inclusive settings; (c) collaboration with or supports from parents and families; and (d) administrative support and connection with communities as a foundation of inclusion. First, regarding curriculum management, the study found that special education classes had unique curricula of their own which included functional curriculum. The general education teachers, special education teachers, and parents of students with disabilities in the study expressed their needs for supports both in self-contained and integrated educational settings. The special and general teachers in the study made their own efforts to facilitate inclusion, but they indicated that collaboration between special and general education teachers was not easy. The supports at the system level to promote the quality of education that students with disabilities receive in inclusive settings are also discussed. Second, regarding social interactions, the study found that students with disabilities were accepted positively in inclusive settings. Both special and general education teachers made a variety of efforts to promote social integration of the students with disabilities, though it was partly because the three sites for the study were the schools where inclusive education had been administered quite actively. On the other hand, the study found that many students without disabilities were accustomed to helping the students with disabilities as a helper or a peer-tutor, rather than as a true friend. In this section, implications for teachers are provided regarding how to facilitate peer interactions between students with and without disabilities. Third, regarding the collaborative relationships with parents and families, the study found that the parents of the students with disabilities eagerly wanted their children to be included in the general classes and experienced emotional difficulties in the process of trying to make the inclusion work. The parents indicated that the level of acceptance by general education teachers and students without disabilities had been the biggest issue in inclusive education. The parents also expressed their desire to establish collaborative relationships with parents of students without disabilities. Especially, those parents who actively participated in the process of inclusion supported other parents of children with disabilities by sharing information, concerns, and experiences through parent group meetings. Fourth, in terms of administrative supports and overall foundations for inclusion, findings are described based on the one school where the level of the administrative supports was exemplary. Since successful inclusion cannot be achieved by the willingness and efforts of a single teacher, the roles of principals were emphasized. Though there would be so many factors that are influential in determining the success of inclusive education, the study found that collaboration between special education teachers and general education teachers was the most essential factor. These stakeholders should work in partnership through active communication, information exchange, and mutual supports in order to enhance the quality of education and social interactions that the students with disabilities experience in inclusive settings. Though various efforts have been made to realize successful inclusive education in the three schools, there was a need for (a) more information regarding instructional strategies, peer tutoring methods, and facilitation of friendships, and (b) resources to develop programs in these areas. Based on the findings of the study, more comprehensive systems of support should be established.

蒼附導痰丸이 白鼠의 排卵에 미치는 影響

강복환,박종문,박경미,조한백,엄주오,유심근 한국전통의학연구소 2003 한국전통의학지 Vol.13 No.1

Changbudodamhwan(CBH) is used in female infertility caused by ovulation disorder. An attempt was made to evaluate the influences of CBH on the serum concentrations of FSH, LH, estradiol(E_(2)) and progesterone, the histological and optical changes of ovary, ovary weight of rats. The results of the study were as follows : 1. Blood FSH level increased experimental group as compared with control group, which showed no efficacy. 2. Blood LH level increased in experimental group as compared with control group, which showed no efficacy. 3. Blood E_(2) level increased in experimental group as compared with control group, which showed no efficacy. 4. Blood progesterone level increased in experimental group as compared with control group, which showed no efficacy. 5. In optically observations of ovary, weight of ovary increased in experimental group as compared with control group, which showed no efficacy. 6. In histological observations of ovary, ovulation increased in experimental group as compared control group, which showed efficacy. According to these results, CBH influence on the ovulation and ovary of rats.

떫은감 Carotenoid의 색소 안정성

강미정,윤경영,성종환,이광희,김광수 동아시아식생활학회 2004 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Studies on extraction and color stability of carotenoids from astringent persimmon(Diospyros kaki) were performed to provide the basic information for the utilization of persimmon pigment as a new source of natural food colorant. The major carotenoids in astringent persimmon were beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and beta-carotene. Beta-cryptoxanthin was the first major pigment and lycopene the next. Total carotenoid content in persimmon calculated as beta-carotene equivalent was 107.4 ㎍/g. The data indicated that the astringent persimmon was a good source of carotenoid pigment. The physical and chemical stabilities of carotenoid from astringent persimmon were investigated at various conditions of temperature, pH and antioxidant. The effects of oxygen and light on the stability of carotenoid pigment has been investigated. The factors that cause the discoloration were visible light, temperature above 60, pH below 5 and oxygen. Especially, the carotenoid pigment was very sensitive to light and oxygen. Carotenoid stability was much improved with increasing nitrogen concentration in the atmosphere. Persimmon pigments have been found to be most stable at 5~10. And tocopherol was the most effective inhibitor of the pigment discoloration.

고등학생의 BMI와 체력발달에 관한 연구

강경환,백광 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.3

The primary purpose of this study was to explore the effect of BMI on development of physical fitness among high school students. The second purpose of this study was to show the effect of grade on development of physical fitness among high school students. Three hundreds students in high school(male:150, female:150) participated in this study. BMI was calculated from weight/height2(㎏/㎡). Physical fitness assessment tests consisted of 50m run, push-ups, sit-ups, standing board jump, sit and trunk flexion, and long-run and walk. The study results were followings: There were significant differences in 50m run, push-ups, sit-ups, standing board jump, and long-run and walk between BMI groups in male high school students. There were significant differences in push-ups, sit-ups, and sit and trunk flexion between grades in male high school students. There were significant differences in push-ups between BMI groups in female high school students. There were significant differences in long-run and walk between grades in female high school students. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that BMI and grade are more effective to discriminate physical fitness development in male high school students than in female high school students. Future research need to be conducted to explain the change of growth curve in both male and female high school students.

학교체육과 지역사회체육의 연계실태와 실천방안

강전민,가경환,권창기,윤해철,손수범,변해심,신민철 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

This study was formed the basis of propelling for being closely connecting between School PE(Physical Education) and Local Society Exercise for regarding the cooperation possibility depending on the actual situation. From this, it is helpful for evaluating the total understanding of the present condition form School PE and Local Society Exercise and grasping the realities concretely. To gain the above result, the subject of study is on 48 agencies among 50 agencies that include 30 elementary and middle schools, 15 government offices, 5 YMCA offices. After investigating the plan of providing physical activity program except result PE class and the connecting program with School PE and its activation, it comes to the conclusion below this. There is the period of possible time for propelling the cooperating model at School and Local Society PE which is special activity class after school, club activity class, discretional activity class and the vacation, weekends. And also there are many participating agencies that are school, local society, public sports center and community, the youth group, local autonomous entity PE post, prfessional physical association and community, city and countries Education Office and the sports-lover's group etc. So far, the connecting program is operated at 24 agencies which are 3 elementary school(30%), 5 middle school(50%), 4 high school(40%)m 7 government office(70%), 5 YMCA office(80%). As the reason of non-operating it, the first is the lack of the charger, spare time and considering teacher's advantage when time is arranged at the teacher and leader's part. The second is the falling behind facility and the lack of place and appliance for practicing. The third is the insufficient of connecting program at program part and increasingly number of students who are individual participating at the side of local society physical agency at school. The forth is the lack of finances for running at economy part and overpaying of using fee. The fifth is the lack of the activity time at the elementary school and putting first in importance the exam for university enterance at middle and high school. The sixth is the parents and principals and school committee have little understanding of the physical educating in common at recognition part. The seventh is the cooperating company's preparation is not enough and incomplete relation each other. Looking into the opinion for activating plan of connecting program which is classified into common contents, the result is presented the same reaction both of them that the professional leader arrangement is needed at teacher and leader's part. At the facility expansion and open program part is required for a various program. In the case of school at economy condition part, more cheaper than expenses for facilities is needed and also the renovation of the education system And at the recognition part, the positive attitude of school is needed. At the safety part, the solution of safety problem for responsibility is needed. At the administration part, the support for professional agency and the change of systemic role for connecting agency.