노동법의 규범구조와 근로권과 노동3권의 관계

이달휴 원광대학교 법학연구소 2019 圓光法學 Vol.35 No.1

The article 23 and 33 of the Constitution guarantees the right to work and the labor’s three primary rights as basic rights. The Constitution stipulates rights to work and labor’s three primary rights at the same time is rare except for Korea and Japan. The basic right of labor, as anyone perceives, is the basic right prescribed for workers. But these regulations give rise to questions. What is the relationship between the right to work and the labor’s three primary rights. The principle of positive law is that labor rights are applied first between right to work and labor’s three primary rights. In fact, the labor management issues should be resolved voluntarily by the labor authorities. By the way, given the fact that labor union membership remains around 10%, most workers who do not belong to the labor union are protected by the right to work. In theory, labor’s three primary rights are the first to protect workers, whereas in reality workers are protected by labor rights. Recognizing this reality, I was told about France’s labor reform law. The content of France’s labor reform law is the integration of the individual labor relations law and the collective labor-management relations law, and the direction changes to the structure of civil law. Korea needed to see if it could integrate the individual labor relations law and the collective labor-management relations law like the France’s labor reform law, and looked at the relationship between the two as the forward stage. In order to integrate the two laws as a result, it would have to be the logic of respecting the will of th parties. In order words, the will of worker and employer should always take precedence except for absolute social order on the assumption of equal power between workers and employers. In this case, it is also necessary to change the labor law as a fair in order to protect a worker-lice person or small subcontractors. In other words, labor law can be recognized as a fairness of protercting labor value properly.

<普賢十願歌(보현십원가)>의 구조와 주제의식

김기종 ( Ki Jong Kim ) 한국고전문학회 2013 古典文學硏究 Vol.44 No.-

이 글은 <보현십원가>의 문학적 성격을 究明하기 위한 작업의 일환으로, 일관된 시상 전개를 보이는 하나의 텍스트라는 관점에서, <보현십원가>의 구 조와 주제의식에 대해 살펴보았다. 그리고 작품 분석을 통해 도출된 주제의식 의 이유 내지 의미를, 창작 당시의 시대적 상황과 관련지어 고찰하였다. 지금까지의 논의 내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다. <예경제불가>~<광수공양가>의 서사는 ‘나’와 ‘우리’를 둘러싼 모든 곳에 부처가 존재하고 있음을 청자(독자)들에게 알리고, 또한 이 사실을 청자들이 믿어야 함을 강조하고 있다. 이러한 ‘佛身의 遍在’에 이어, <참회업장가>~ <상수불학가>의 본사는 나와 우리의 깨달음을 향한 길, 즉 부처가 되는 방법을 노래하고 있다. 결사인 <항순중생가>~<총결무진가>는 모두 ‘부처의 일’ 을 노래하고 있는 공통점을 보인다. 이상의 내용을 통해, <보현십원가>는 ‘佛身의 遍在→ 성불의 방법→ 我卽佛의 선언’이라는 내용 구조로 되어 있고, 이 들 단락의 주제는 佛身의 遍在라는 ‘부처가 하는 일’, 보리 향한 길의 ‘부처가 되는 일’ 그리고 내가 ‘부처인 것을 아는 일’을 거쳐, ‘부처의 일’로 귀결되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 곧 <보현십원가> 전체의 주제의식은 ‘부처의 일’ 또는 ‘성불’로 집약된다. 이러한 내용적 특징 및 주제의식은 불교행사의 빈번한 개설과 기복불교의 풍조라는 당시의 시대적 상황과 관련이 있다. <보현십원가>의 서사ㆍ본사에 서 강조한 ‘觀行’과 ‘마음’은 재물의 낭비가 심한 당시의 불사를 경계한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 또한 대규모의 불사로 인해 육체적ㆍ경제적 고통을 당하면서도 정 작 자신들은 재물이 없어 불사에서 소외된 백성들을 위해, <보현십원가>는 내 몸과 마음만으로도 누구나 부처가 될 수 있음을 노래한 것이라 할 수 있다. 결국, <보현십원가>는 형식화되고 기복화된 당시의 불교계에 대한 균여의 문학적 대응으로, 불교 본연의 목적이 ‘성불’에 있음을 청자(독자)들에게 알리고, 또한 청자들도 모두 부처가 될 수 있음을 강조한 희망의 노래인 것이다. This article, in a way of clarifying the literary characteristics of Bo-Hyeon-Sip-Won-Ga, examines the structure and thematic cons ciousness of Bo-Hyeon-Sip-Won-Ga from the viewpoint that it is a single text that shows consistent poetic unfolding. For this pu rpose, this article reviews its relation with the precedent text Bo-H yeon-Haeng-Won-Pum, and then proceeds to carry out the discuss ion by dividing the eleven songs into three parts, the prologue, the main body, and the epilogue based on their poetic sentiments and contexts of the unfolding of contents. The discussion so far can be summarized as follows. First of all, the prologue from “Ye-Gyeong-Je-Bul-Ga" to "Gwang-Su-Gong- Yang-Ga"informs the audience (the reader) that Buddha exists in a ll the places that surround ‘I’ and ‘we,’and emphasizes that the a udience should believe in this fact. Following such ‘omnipresence of Buddha,’ the main body from "Cham-Hoe-Eop-Jang-Ga" to "Sang- Su-Bul-Hak-Ga" sings the way to my and our enlightenment, i.e., the way to be Buddha. Such poetic phrases as ‘road to Bori,’ ‘Bori`s fruits,’ ‘Buddhism-oriented mind’etc. in those songs are totally abse nt in the preceding texts, which reveal the writer Gyun-yeo`s inten tion as such. Finally, the epilogue songs including "Hang-Sun-Jung -Saeng-Ga" and "Chong-Gyeol-Mu-Jin-Ga" with others are simila r in that all of them sing ‘Buddha`s work.’ From this, we can tell that Bo-Hyeon-Sip-Won-Ga consists of t he content structure of ‘Buddha`s omnipresence → the way of being Buddha → the declaration of "I am Buddha"’ and the themes of the prologue, the main body, and the epilogue converge on ‘Buddha`s w ork’ through ‘work for Buddha,’ ‘being Buddha,’ and ‘knowing Budd ha.’ After all, the whole thematic consciousness of Bo-Hyeon-Sip- Won-Ga can be said to converge on ‘Buddha`s work’ or ‘being Bud dha.’

The effects of individual, occupational, and supportive factors on successful return to work using a structural equation model

Jongin Lee,Min Choi,Sung Hye Park,Hyoung-Ryoul Kim,Hye-Eun Lee 대한직업환경의학회 2015 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.27 No.-

Objectives: We aimed to ascertain the relationship between several factors and successful return to work using a structural equation model. Methods: We used original data from the Panel Study of Worker’s Compensation Insurance, and defined four latent variables as occupational, individual, supportive, and successful return to work. Each latent variable was defined by its observed variables, including age, workplace size, and quality of the medical services. A theoretical model in which all latent variables had a relationship was suggested. After examining the model, we modified some pathways that were not significant or did not fit, and selected a final structural equation model that had the highest goodness of fit. Results: All three latent variables (occupational, individual, and supportive) showed statistically significant relationships with successful return to work. The occupational and supportive factors had relationships with each other, but there was no relationship between individual and the other factors. Nearly all observed variables had significance with their latent variables. The correlation coefficients from the latent variables to successful return to work were statistically significant and the indices for goodness of fit were satisfactory. In particular, four observed variables-handicap level, duration of convalescence, working duration, and support from the company-showed construct validities with high correlation coefficients. Conclusions: All factors that we examined are related to successful return to work. We should focus on the supportive factor the most because its variables are modifiable to promote a return to work by those injured in their workplace.

노사관계에서의 참여법리 : 근로자의 참여를 통한 상생구조의 지향 Towards a New Approach of "Sang-Saeng" Structure

이원희 한국노동법학회 2003 노동법학 Vol.0 No.17

The purpose of this paper is to examine the legal principles of worker's participation with view of "Sang Saeng" structure. "Sang Saeng" means mutual gain or co-existence and is one of oriental traditional basic concepts, that is so called 'Ling and Yang and 5 basic elements' theory, and this paper refers to the problems of the results of neo-liberalists globalization and historical approach and structural approach to the legal principles of worker's participations is stressed. This paper consists of as follows: as a introduction, (1) a gap between words of participations and integrations and reality of exclusion and discriminations; (2) as concept and types of worker's participation, 1) participation through trade union action, 2) worker's management of undertaking and related systems 3) worker's councils, worker's committees, joint consultation bodies and critics of dual system theory of worker's councils and participation through trade union action, so on: and as a conclusion (3) comments of G. Radbruch on the trade union's rights as a constitutional right and R.v. Jhering on struggle for rights. This paper offers suggestion that participation through trade union action shall be treated as a useful solution for legal principles of worker's participations in Korea.

생활시간 배분과 일·생활 균형

조성호 ( Sungho Cho ) 한국보건사회연구원 2022 보건복지포럼 Vol.308 No.-

이 글에서는 일·생활 균형 관점에서 생활시간 배분 현황을 분석하여 정책적 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 육아·가사도 가정에서의 일이라는 관점에서 일, 육아, 가사에 투입하는 시간의 총합을 산출한 결과, 유배우 응답자의 남녀 차이가 무배우 응답자보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났고, 특히 유배우 여자의 총시간이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 생활시간 사용에서는 여가, 기타, 필수시간이 비교적 부족하였고, 일·생활 균형의 어려움은 유배우 응답자가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 2000년대 이후 일·가정 양립 지원 정책이 지속적으로 추진되어 왔음에도 여전히 유배우 여자의 이중 부담이 해소되지 않고 있다는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 앞으로 육아와 가사를 하는 부모들이 유연한 시간 구조를 갖고 생활할 수 있는 환경 만들기가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

용접부 피로강도를 고려한 굴삭기 붐 구조물 설계(II)

박상철,Park, Sang-Chul 대한용접접합학회 2011 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.29 No.4

The purpose of this study is to develop improved boom structures with reliable fatigue strength of weldment and lower production cost. For that purpose, multi-body dynamic analysis was performed to evaluate forces acting on arm & boom cylinders and joints of boom structure during operation of an excavator for three working postures, then stress analysis was made to investigate stress distribution around diaphragms at the bottom plate of boom structures which was known to be susceptible to fatigue failures of welded joints, and finally boom structures with optimum arrangement of diaphragms was proposed. This work mainly consists of the following two parts: part 1 focuses on multi-body dynamic analysis of excavators during operation and part 2 includes evaluations of fatigue strength of welded joints for modified boom structures.

고층사무소 프로젝트 시공성 분석 연구

권동혁(Kwon Dong-Hyuk),김한수(Kim Han-Soo) 대한건축학회 2003 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.19 No.3

The successful completion of a construction project requires a thorough understanding of all stages and phases of the project, and can be enhanced through integration of design and construction during the pre-construction stage. Constructability is a major factor in measuring the success or failure of construction projects. During design stage, lack of construction knowledge/experience integration is major factor that leads to constructability problems during the construction stage. The objectives of this thesis are to find out constructability issues that have been continually generated from a structure's work of High-Rise Office Buildings, identify characteristics and importance, impact, frequency aspect of the constructability issues.

일-가정 양립 갈등이 부모역할만족도와 유아 문제행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김효정,조동혁,조희준 학습자중심교과교육학회 2023 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.23 No.6

목적 첫째, 일-가정 양립 갈등과 부모의 양육스트레스, 부정적 양육태도의 영향 관계를 검증하고자 한다. 둘째, 부모의 양육스트레스 및 부정적 양육태도가 부모역할만족도에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 한다. 셋째, 부모의 양육스트레스, 부정적 양육태도 및 부모역할만족도가 유아기 자녀의 문제행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 검증하고자 한다. 방법 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 3-7세 유아를 양육하는 맞벌이 부모를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고, 수집된 자료 521부를 구조방정식 모델 기법을 활용하여 연구가설을 검증하였다. 구조방정식 모델은 먼저 측정모형의 적합도와 측정도구의 신뢰도 및타당도를 검증하고, 이후 구조모형의 적합성을 검증한 후 잠재변인 간의 경로계수를 확인하여 가설을 검증하였다. 결과 첫째, 일-가정 양립 갈등은 양육스트레스에 정(+)의 영향을 미치지만, 부정적 양육태도에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 양육스트레스는 부정적 양육태도와 유아 문제행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치지만, 부모역할만족도에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 부정적 양육태도는 부모역할만족도에 부(-)의 영향을 미치며, 유아 문제행동에 정(+)의영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 부모역할만족도는 유아 문제행동에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 본 연구를 통하여 부모의 일과 삶의 균형을 촉진하고, 나아가 유아의 바람직한 정서⋅행동 발달을 도모하기 위한 가족정책수립 및 가족지원 복지서비스 개선의 방향성을 제시하였다는 점을 본 연구의 의의라 할 수 있다.

최고경영자의 기업가정신이 사회복지기관 조직구성원의 혁신적 업무행동에 미치는 영향

정은하(Eun-Ha Jeong),엄미선(Mi-Sun Ohem) 한국인사조직학회 2012 인사조직연구 Vol.20 No.2

본 연구는 최고경영자의 기업가정신과 사회복지기관의 조직구성원의 혁신적 업무 행동 사이에 작용하는 구조유기성과 조직공정성의 조절효과를 검증하고, 그 과정에서 발견된 변수 간 관계를 통해 조직구성원의 혁신적 업무행동 활성화를 위한 실천적 함의를 제안하고자 수행되었다. 본 연구의 자료는 115개소의 사회복지기관 조직구성원 787명으로부터 수집된 것으로, 가설의 검증은 위계적 회귀분석에 기초한 조절적 다중 회귀분석(MMR)을 통해 이루어졌다. 연구결과 최고경영자의 기업가정신은 사회복지 기관의 조직구성원의 혁신적 업무행동에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 기업가정신과 혁신적 업무행동간 관계에서 구조분권성은 부정적 조절효과를, 분배 공정성은 긍정적 조절효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 사회복지기관 구성원의 혁신적 업무행동을 제고시키기 위해서는 최고경영자를 대상으로 하는 조직혁신 관련 교육 프로그램의 실시가 무엇보다 중요하며, 더불어 분권화된 사회복지조직 설계와 분배공정성을 높이기 위한 방안도입이 필요하다. Recently, innovation needs for social welfare organizations have grown to a greater extent. However, there is rarely academic debate or practical assessments on the innovation of social welfare organizations. Nevertheless, this subject is an important issue because innovation is a core component of organizations. Our primary purpose of this study is to obtain information about the relationships between entrepreneurship, innovative work behavior, organic structure, and organizational justice. Furthermore, our study provides practical implications for vitalizing social workers’ innovative work behavior in social welfare organizations. This study was conducted by setting worker’s innovative work behavior as a dependent variable, CEO’s entrepreneurship as an independent variable, and organic structure and organizational justice as moderating variables. Then, the hypotheses were constructed to test the effect of entrepreneurship on innovative behavior and the moderating effects of organic structure and organizational justice on the relationship between entrepreneurship and innovative work behavior. The study was conducted through a survey by social workers who were working at 316 different welfare organizations in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon areas of South Korea. Each agency received 5-10 questionnaires. The surveys were collected in July 2010 to September 2010 and the study gathered 787 responses from 115 organizations. The findings of our study show that a CEO’s entrepreneurship has a positive effect on innovative work behavior on social workers. Further, decentralization which is a subordinate concept of organic structure has a negative moderating role on the relationship between entrepreneurship and innovative work behavior and distributive justice which is a subordinate concept of organizational justice has a positive moderating role on the relationship. In other words, the results of the moderating effects on this study show that higher entrepreneurship is displayed in a group of high centralization as innovative work behavior increases. At the same time, higher entrepreneurship is displayed in a group with high distributive justice, again resulting in increased innovative work behavior. Therefore, these results suggest introducing an educational program of innovation for CEOs to enhance the innovative work behavior for social workers. Furthermore, this study suggests that decentralization and organizational justice can further enhance innovative work behavior. In addition, this study proposes an integrated research model including organizational attributes as a moderating variable so that research subjects of organizational innovation could be expanded. Also, our study indicates that a CEO’s role can facilitate innovation. Last, several limitations can be mentioned. First, our study sample was limited in terms of geographic regions. Second, the environmental conditions should be considered. Third, developing an innovative work behavior scale for social workers should be considered and fourth, a qualitative study should also be conducted within research.

북한 기업의 작업조직 상황, 구조와 기능, 유효성

이동명(Dong-Myong Lee),김강식(Kang-Sik Kim) 한국인사관리학회 2006 조직과 인사관리연구 Vol.30 No.2

  We mainly examined the characteristics of work group in the factories of North Korea, based on the perception of defectors through questionnaires and interview methods. We found out several characteristics on contingency, structure and function, effectiveness, and foreman"s leadership in work group as follows.<BR>  First, in the aspect of the contingency, the work groups are routine in group technology, stability-oriented in employee needs, control-oriented in management strategy.<BR>  Second, in the structure and function, the work groups in North Korea are high in specialization and formalization, but low in expert, autonomy, and communication. So they are similar to the technical or hierarchical work group.<BR>  Third, the effectiveness of work group is relatively high in productivity but low in employee"s satisfaction.<BR>  Fourth, foreman"s leadership in work group is relatively effective in both productivity aspect and relationship one.   본 연구에서는 북한 기업의 작업조직을 탈북자와의 인터뷰 및 설문조사를 통해 파악하였다. 작업 조직을 상황, 구조와 기능, 유효성, 반장의 리더십 등으로 구분하여 그 주요 특징을 살펴보았다. 북한 기업의 작업조직은 상황 측면에서는 일상적 기술, 안정 지향적 구성원 욕구, 통제 중심의 간부 전략 등을, 구조와 기능 측면에서는 극도로 분화된 과업, 높은 공식화된 업무 수행, 낮은 전문성, 제한된 자율성 및 의사소통 등을 특징으로 하고 있었다. 작업조직의 유효성 중 생산성은 상대적으로 높으나 구성원의 만족도는 낮았다. 또 반을 전체적으로 이끄는 작업반장은 생산지향 및 관계지향 모두 우수한 리더십을 나타냈다. 이러한 특징을 통해 북한 작업조직은 반장의 리더십을 중심으로 수직적인 의사소통이 이루어지는 전형적인 테일러식 작업조직을 형성하고 있다는 것을 규명하였다.