Research on Crime Pathways for Adolescents with an Experience in Substance Use

Cho, Je-Seong 한국경찰연구학회 2020 한국경찰연구 Vol.19 No.2

This study on the causes of juvenile delinquency is based on the fact that there are significant differences between the research results conducted in Korea and those carried out in overseas countries. The research results published in Korea mainly focus on the experience of substance use as a major cause of juvenile delinquency. In particular, drinking and smoking are emphasized as the starting point of criminal behavior. However, the mechanism between substance use and criminal behavior has not been clearly explained. Therefore, the studies identifying the pathways of substance use and criminal behavior can be regarded as important. Particularly, this study focuses on social capital as an important variable explaining the mechanism of the pathways to crime. Recently, new bases of debates about correlations between social capital and substance use have been proposed by some studies conducted in overseas countries. Those studies suggest that people with low social capital do not experience substance use but those who experience substance use have low social capital instead. It suggests that identifying correlations between substance use and social capital in Korea clearly is necessary. On the other hand, most studies conducted in Korea argue that low social capital causes the experience of substance use. However, it should be noted that most of the studies used cross-sectional data analysis. This study adopted longitudinal data analysis because most recent study results released in overseas countries derived from longitudinal data analysis. Explaining the pathways of criminal behavior by social capital affected by substance use is the significance of this study which attempts to establish hypotheses opposing to the hypotheses generally suggested in Korea. Based on the research objectives, this study establishes hypotheses on two research subjects. First, does juvenile experience of substance use affect social capital formation? Second, can juvenile substance use experience and the pathway to criminal behavior be explained through social capital? These research subjects are based on the assumption that juvenile substance use basically affects the reduction of social capital and explains their criminal behavior. As results of the analysis, adolescents who experienced substance use had a significant influence on their relationship with peers, number of delinquent friends, and criminal behavior. Unlike the findings suggested in the studies conducted in Korea, it is confirmed that the experience of substance use can explain criminal behavior by its influence on the reduction of social capital. The results suggest that the experience of substance use increases the number of delinquent friends who become eventually a critical pathway to the increase of juvenile criminal behavior. Moreover, it was found that the increase in the number of delinquent friends degrades the relationships with friends and affects criminal behavior.

Parental Knowledge of Peer Networks and Peer Influences on Adolescent Substance Use: Ethnic Group Comparisons within a National Study of Adolescents

이지은,Lisa Jodan-Green,이형초 한국건강심리학회 2014 한국심리학회지 건강 Vol.19 No.1

This study investigates the effects of parental knowledge for peer network and peer influence on adolescent substance use. Analyses were conducted by using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health dataset, being collected between 1994 and 1996. For the purpose of the present study, a supplemental sample of datasets (N = 2,841), including European American, African American, and Asian American adolescents, were used. Regarding the supplemental sample that was being used in the present study, the average age of participants was 15 years old (SD = 1.56) and the sample was evenly distributed between males (50%) and females (50%). In this study, two hypotheses were being tested: 1) parental knowledge of peer networks predicts adolescent substance use, and 2) peer adolescent substance use predicts adolescent substance use. The results of this study showed that there was a direct influence of peer substance use on adolescent substance use, which suggests that adolescents who reported that their friends used more substances were at increased risks of using more substances themselves. This result is consistent with previous findings. On the contrary, there were no significant findings in the relationship between parental knowledge for peer networks and adolescent substance uses. Additional analyses were conducted to investigate ethnic differences. Some interesting differences between European American and African American adolescents were also identified. The findings suggest that peer adolescent use is less related to adolescent substance use for African American adolescents when compared with European American adolescents. Based on these findings, this paper discusses suggestions related to adolescent substance use preventions and intervention programs, together with ethnic differences in parent and peer influence on adolescent uses, and later, suggests future directions.

청소년의 금지 약물 사용에 따른 관련 요인 분석

조준호 한국환경보건학회 2018 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze related factors in relation to usage of illicit substances for Korean adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which used data from the Twelfth Korean Youth Risk Behavior Webbased Survey (KYRBWS). A total of 65,528 students in 2016 were included in this study. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used for analyzing related factors using illicit substances. Results: Overall, 553 (0.8%) students responded as having ever used illicit substances during their lifetime and 133 (0.2%) students responded as current illicit substance users. It was found that electronic cigarette (EC) use, conventional cigarette smoking, second hand smoking, sad/despair mood, and economic status were significantly associated factors with usage of illicit substances. Comparing ‘current EC users’ with ‘never EC users’, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) was 7.76 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.56-10.82) for life-time use of illicit substances, and 18.74 (95% CI: 8.01-43.87) for current use of illicit substances among adolescents. Additionally, comparing ‘students who ever were exposed to second hand smoking during the past week’, with ‘students who never were exposed to second hand smoking’, the adjusted OR was 2.60 (95% CI: 2.13-3.17) for life-time use of illicit substances, and 2.85 (95% CI: 1.68-4.83) for current use of illicit substances among adolescents. Conclusions: Based on the results, electronic cigarette use, second hand smoking, conventional cigarette smoking, sad/despair mood, and economic status were significantly associated with increased odds of substance experience and current substance use. Therefore, the results of this study can provide a useful evidence about adolescent behaviors in predicting substance use.

약물 중독 환자에서 약물 사용 시작 나이에 따른 우울, 불안 및 사용 특성과의 연관성

곽여인(Yeo-In Kwak),조근호(Keun-Ho Joe),김양태(Yang-Tae Kim),권도훈(Do-Hoon Kwon),김대진(Dai-Jin Kim),조성남(Sung-Nam Cho) 한국중독정신의학회 2011 중독정신의학 Vol.15 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate as how the age at the first use of substance influences the psychiatric symptoms such as, depression, anxiety and the characteristics of substance use in the patients with substance abuse or dependence. Methods : Self-administered questionnaire were applied to a total of 447 drug addicts (including those admitted at medical institutions or confinement installations, and those under probation) and ex-addicts, who had been through recovery from addiction at medical/rehabilitation centers. Participants were classified into 4 groups, 0-19 years, 20-29 years, 30-39 years, and older than 40 years, according to the age at which the substance was first used. Psychiatric assessments were based on BDI, BAI, SCL-90-R. The data were statistical-ly analyzed by SPSS 15.0. Result : The average age of participants was 44 years. The number of patients, who used the sub-stance for the first time during 0-19 years of age were 102, in their 20-29 years of age were 146, in their 30-39 years of age were 126, and when they were 40 years and older were 63. Use of substance at an early age was correlated with more frequent use of other illegal substances, high er rate of dependence on the substance, higher frequency of liver diseases and legal problems. Amongst the 4 groups, there were significant differences in Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Conclusion : The earlier use of substance may lead to more serious problems of drug abuse and correlated with higher risk of development of psychiatric symptoms including, anxiety and depression. Such a condition can lead to degradation of patient’s quality of life and would complicate the treatment procedure. An earlier education to the adolescents about harmful effects of drug use and addiction in conjunction with earlier relevant psychiatric evaluations of substance abusers should also be provided.

Long-Term Substance Use Can Cause Irreversible Photopic Vision Changes in Substance Use Disorder in Remission

Oguzhan Bekir Egilmez,Mehmet Hamdi Orum,Ali Kustepe,Ayse Sevgi Karadag,Aysun Kalenderoglu 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.10

Objective Substance use has such effects on pupil diameter. Although there is knowledge about the acute effects of substances on pupils, studies showing their chronic effects are limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of long-term substance use on scotopic, mesopic, and photopic vision.Methods The present study with cross-sectional desgn was conducted at the Adiyaman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry in Adiyaman. This study involved 110 substance use disorder (SUD) patients and 46 healthy volunteers as the control. The parameters were measured and recorded automatically by a device.Results The mean age was 23.44±5.53 years in the SUD group and 24.26±5.38 years in healthy controls (p=0.420). The mean age of onset of the substance was 17.74±3.89 years and the mean duration of substance use was 3.54±2.9 years. It was determined that the patients had not used any substance for a mean of 121.73±117.49 days. There was no significant difference between patient and control groups in terms of scotopic and mesopic measurements of both eyes (p>0.05). Photopic measurements were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p<0.05). Photopic measurements were significantly higher in the opioid, cannabis, ecstasy, and multiple substance use groups than in the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion The most important topic of this study is that photopic vision is permanently impaired in patients with a history of chronic substance use. This was attributed to disrupted sympathetic-parasympathetic hierarchy.

한국 청소년에서 물질 사용과 위험한 성 행동 사이의 연관성

이건희(Keon Hui Lee),김준원(Jun Won Kim),최태영(Tae Young Choi),윤서영(Seo Young Yoon),이종훈(Jong Hun Lee) 한국중독정신의학회 2020 중독정신의학 Vol.24 No.2

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the association between substance use and risky sexual behavior in Korean adolescents. Methods : A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted in 12-18 year-old adolescents in Korea in 2018. The data of 60,040 adolescents who participated in the survey were analyzed. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between substance use (alcohol use, tobacco use, and the use of other drugs) and risky sexual behavior (having sexual intercourse during adolescence, and having unprotected sexual intercourse), for males and females, separately. Results : The percentage of adolescents who had sexual intercourse was 5.3%. Among those who had sexual intercourse, 53.9% had unprotected sexual intercourse. Logistic regression analyses showed that all types of substance use were associated with having an early sexual debut and having unprotected sexual intercourse. Conclusion : The study showed that substance use, including alcohol use, tobacco use, and the use of other drugs, was associated with risky sexual behavior among Korean adolescents. Sexual health education and interventions are necessary for adolescents with a history of substance use.

우리나라 청소년의 건강위험행동별 음주 및 성경험 위험정도

손애리 한국알코올과학회 2002 한국알코올과학회 학술대회 Vol.2002 No.1

Health risk-taking behaviors such as smoking, alcohol use, substance use, violence and sexual intercourse among adolescents are significant public health problems. Recent data indicate that smoking, alcohol use, substance use, and sexual intercourse in adolescents have been increasing steadily in South Korea. Few studies of smoking, alcohol use, substance use, violence, and sexual intercourse have been conducted simultaneously. This study is to examine associations between 1) drinking and health risk-taking behaviors, and 2) sexual intercourse and health risk-taking behaviors in adolescents. A cross sectional study based on a stratified cluster sample of 24 senior high schools during June and July 2000 was used. The associations were examined with X2, Fishers Exact Test, Mantel-Haenszel X2, and logistic regression. The main results are as follows: Boys were more likely to take part in smoking, drinking alcohol use, violence and sexual intercourse compared with girls. 38.6% of boys and 27.5% of girls had consumed alcohol in the past 30 days. Higher levels of drinking alcohol use were associated with adolescents with separated/divorced parents. Those adolescents who took part in smoking, substance use, sexual intercourse, and violence were 36.27, 4.63, 15.16, and 8.57 times respectively higher to have alcohol consumption compared with those adolescent who did not have those risk-taking behaviors. Those adolescents who took part in smoking, drinking alcohol use, and violence were 28.56, 9.6, and 2.16 times higher to have sexual intercourse compared with those adolescents who did not have those risk-taking behaviors. Risk-taking behaviors of smoking, substance use, sexual intercourse, and violence are risk factors for drinking alcohol. Smoking, drinking alcohol use, and violence are risk factors for sexual intercourse. This study suggests that adolescents are risk-taking behaviors simultaneously. To prevent adolescents health risk-taking behaviors we should develop practical educational principles that focus on delaying a young persons first use of cigarettes and alcohol. Health education should be considered to establish a compulsory curriculum as part of the school curriculum to offer health education systematically and comprehensively.

물질사용 경험 청소년의 범죄행동에 관한 연구 - 사회적 자본의 매개효과를 중심으로 -

조제성,조윤오 한국공안행정학회 2019 한국공안행정학회보 Vol.28 No.1

The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether experience in substance use, which has been recognized as a juvenile delinquency, is an important variable as a cause of criminal behavior. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, we tried empirical analysis through the social capital which is being studied as a factor affecting criminal behavior recently. In domestic studies, it has been argued that adolescents who are concerned only with the causes of substance use and who are already having problems with the formation of social capital experience substance use. However, recent discussions have suggested that the use of substances can cause problems in the formation of social capital, which can explain criminal behavior. The experience of substance use has already been experienced as a juvenile delinquent. However, since it can be experienced by various causes such as curiosity and stress, It is necessary to discuss whether there is such a possibility. Nonetheless, attempts to explain juvenile delinquency behavior, starting with substance use experience, are very rare. Therefore, in this study, we tried to analyze by using the terminal data to differentiate from the existing research. In particular, we tried to achieve our research goals by identifying mediating effects between drug use experience and criminal behavior through a new approach to causality between substance use experience and social capital. As a result of the research, it was confirmed that the experience of substance use affects diverse social capital, and it is confirmed that social capital such as delinquency peers can lead to criminal behavior. 이 연구의 목적은 기존에 청소년 비행으로 인식되어 왔던 물질사용에 경험이 범죄행동의 원인으로 중요한 변수인가 확인하는데 있다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 최근 범죄행동에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 연구되고 있는 사회적자본을 통해 실증적 분석을 시도했다. 국내 연구에서는 물질사용의 원인에만관심을 갖고 이미 사회적 자본의 형성에 문제가 있는 청소년이 물질사용을 경험한다고 주장되어 왔다. 하지만 최근 논의는 물질사용을 통해 사회적 자본의형성에 문제가 발생될 수 있고, 이로 인해 범죄행동을 설명할 수 있다는 결과를 제시하고 있다. 물질사용 경험은 이미 비행청소년인 상태에서 경험하는 경우도 있지만, 호기심, 스트레스 등 다양한 원인에 의해 경험될 수 있기 때문에원인에 주목했던 기존 접근보다 우연한 기회에 물질사용을 경험하는 것이 범죄행동과 어떠한 관련이 있는지에 대한 논의는 필요하다고 본다. 그럼에도 불구하고 지금까지 물질사용 경험을 시작으로 청소년 범죄행동을 설명하고자 하는 시도는 매우 드문 것이 현실이다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 기존 연구와의 차별성을 두기위해 종단데이터를 활용해 분석을 시도했다. 특히, 물질사용 경험과 사회적 자본 사이의 인과관계에 대한 새로운 접근을 통해 물질사용 경험과범죄행동 사이에 매개효과가 존재하는지 확인함으로써 연구목표를 달성하고자 했다. 연구결과 실제로 물질사용 경험은 다양한 사회적 자본에 영향을 미치는것으로 확인 되었으며, 비행친구 수와 같은 사회적 자본이 매개함으로써 범죄행동으로 이어질 수 있음이 확인 되었다.

한국 여성의 마약류 경험에 관한 연구

유상희 한국중독범죄학회 2019 한국중독범죄학회보 Vol.9 No.3

The purpose of this thesis is not only to investigate the experiences of women’s substance use in Korea, but also to present suggestions for the policies of the prevention and rehabilitation. The ‘Burning Sun gate’ at Jan. 2019 has increased the awareness of substance use and sex crimes related to women. Even though men have occupied the major portion of substance use in Korea, women’ substance use in Korea has been increasing, but the researches on women’s substance use have been insufficient. Thus, this thesis aims to examine the experiences of women’s substance use- the motivation of substance use, types of drugs, overseas drug experiences, experiences of violence and trauma related to it etc.,- and provide the suggestions for prevention and rehabilitation policies. This thesis uses a quantitative research method collecting the data of 136 women who were imposed by the prosecution to the conditional suspension of indictment on education, and additionally applies the explanatory sequential design as the mixed method, by collecting additional data which would be helpful to interpret the quantitative data in women's group meeting during the conditional suspension of indictment. 본 연구는 국내 여성의 마약류 사용경험을 조사하고, 이를 바탕으로 국내 마약류 사용의 예방 및 재활을 위한 정책 및 접근방안을 제시하고자 한다. 2019년 1월 발생한 버닝썬 사태는 국내 마약류 사용의 위험성뿐 아니라 마약과 관련하여 여성들의 성범죄 노출에 대한 위험성을 인식하는 계기가 되었다. 현재 국내 마약류 사용에 있어 남성사용자가 주를 이루고 있으나, 여성사용자가 증가하고 있음에도 불구하고 여성의 마약류 경험에 대한 연구는 아직 미비하다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내 여성의 마약 사용경험-마약류 사용동기, 사용물질, 해외사용 여부, 폭력과 트라우마 경험 등-에 대한 연구를 통해 여성의 마약 사용의 실태를 점검하고 이를 바탕으로 마약류 사용에 대한 예방 및 재활정책에 대한 논의와 연구의 방향성을 제시한다. 본 연구는 2018년 검찰청 교육이수조건부 기소유예프로그램에 참여한 여성들 136명을 대상으로 양적 연구를 진행하였으며, 양적 자료의 해석에 도움이 되는 새로운 추가 자료를 수집하기 위해 설명적 순차 설계를 통한 혼합연구방법을 접목함으로 양적 자료를 보완하였다.

재미 한인 청소년의 음주 및 약물사용과 비행행동 간의 관계 및 위험요인과 보호요인의 효과

한영옥 한국청소년학회 2008 청소년학연구 Vol.15 No.6

The goal of this study is to presents the prevalence and characteristics of Alcohol drinking, substance use and delinquent behavior among Korean-American adolescents in USA. And also it is to explore Alcohol drinking, substance use influencing delinquent behavior with risk and protective factor as intervention factor. Pass analysis is used in LISREL. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. The prevalence of alcohol drinking and substance use among Korean-American students was lower than that of Missouri students, other American students in USA, and Korean students. Alcohol drinking, smoking or substance use is powerful contributing variables to delinquent behavior, and the strongest variable is substance use. Almost all of risk and protective factors affect delinquent behavior, but the effect of risk factor is stronger than that of protective factor relatively. The strongest contributing variable of Alcohol drinking, smoking or substance use is indivisual risk factor and commuity risk factor. 본 연구는 재미 한인 청소년들의 음주 및 약물사용과 비행행동의 정도를 살펴보고 이 변인들 간의 관계를 규명하며 특히 위험요인과 보호요인을 매개로 했을 때 비행행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 알아보고자 LISREL 기법을 이용해 경로분석을 하였다. 연구결과에서 밝혀진 주된 내용은 다음과 같다. 음주와 흡연을 비롯한 제반 약물 경험률은 미국 내 청소년들이나 우리나라 청소년들의 경험률 보다 낮았다. 음주, 흡연, 약물사용은 비행행동에 직접적인 영향을 주는 변인이었으며 그 중에 약물이 비행행동에 가장 강력한 영향을 주는 변인이었다. 또한 거의 모든 위험요인 및 보호요인이 비행행동에 영향을 끼치는 중요한 변인이며 그 효과는 위험요인이 보호요인보다 상대적으로 더 컸다. 한편 음주와 흡연 그리고 약물사용을 가장 강력하게 설명하는 요인은 개인 위험요인과 지역사회 위험요인이었다. 따라서 범죄 및 비행행동을 예방하기 위해서는 음주를 비롯한 약물사용의 예방을 병행하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 사료된다. 또한 각각의 위험요인 및 보호요인이 음주, 약물사용, 비행을 예방할 수 있는 중요한 변인이 되고 있음이 시사되고 있는바 재미 한인 청소년들의 약물 또는 비행의 예방 및 개입 프로그램을 개발할 때 상대적으로 영향력이 컸던 개인위험요인과 지역사회 위험요인을 줄이거나 없애는 것에 더 초점을 두면 약물 및 비행의 예방 효과가 크리라 기대된다.