만주국 도시의 재만조선인 주택문제- 『滿鮮日報』 기사를 중심으로 -

문미라 한국민족운동사학회 2017 한국민족운동사연구 Vol.0 No.91

The purpose of this study is to explore the causes, actual situations, and measures of housing problems experienced by the Korean residents in Manchukuo. The main research material of this study is Manseon-Ilbo (Manchuria-Chosun Daily News), the only Korean-language newspaper in Manchuria. Although the newspaper was under the control of the Manchurian government, it is the most significant evidence of the actual circumstances of the Korean residents in Manchuria. The main reasons for the urban housing problems of the Korean residents in Manchukuo was that a lot of Koreans who migrated from the Korean Peninsula to Manchuria increased rapidly after the establishment of the Manchukuo, and that the Koreans who made the second migration in Manchuria were concentrated in an urban area. Moreover, the unique characteristics of the Korean residents, including their marginalized socioeconomic basis, the lack of the Manchurian government’s measures to relive their housing problems, and their distinct lifestyle with On-dol(the Korean floor heating system) made the problems worse. Such housing problems appeared in a variety of aspects. The Korean residents in Manchuria were obliged to pay a prepayment in the form of premium which was not found in the transactions between Japanese or Chinese, and the premiums of nominal repair were sometimes charged in addition to the advance payment. The 'paper house' and 'Junikai(‘重二階’)', which appeared in the Korean residents' society, symbolized not only the seriousness of the housing problems, but also the slumism of the Korean enclave. These housing problems led to various social problems, such as their imbalance of sex ratio and the difficulty in finding boarding houses. The low quality of life and unstable life caused by such lack of housing even stimulated the Korean residents' desire for homecoming. Even the Manchurian government introduced measures, such as building new housings and controlling rents to relieve housing problems, however, these measures were not so effective. Thus, Manseon-Ilbo strongly urged the Manchurian government to set up enclaves per ethnic groups, and also urged prominent Koreans to be engaged in solving these housing problems. In addition, a group of Korean residents to cope with the problems was created, and the ethnicity branch of Manchurian Concordia Association also actively represented the Korean residents and tried to found the relevant improvement plans 본고는 만주국 도시에 거주하는 재만조선인이 겪었던 주택문제의 원인ㆍ실상ㆍ대책 등을 분석한 글이다. 이 글에서 활용한 주요 사료는 만주국 유일의 한글 신문이었던 『만선일보(滿鮮日報)』이다. 『만선일보』는 비록 만주국 정부의 통제를 받았지만, 재만조선인들이 처한 상황을 가장 생생하게 확인할 수 있는 자료라고 할 수 있다. 재만조선인 주택문제의 근본적인 원인은 만주국 수립 이후 한반도에서 만주로 이주하는 조선인의 급증과 만주 내에서 2차 이주를 하는 조선인의 도시 집중이었다. 여기에 더하여 재만조선인의 빈약한 사회경제적 기반, 재만조선인을 위한 만주국 정부의 주택문제 해결 방안 부재, 조선인의 온돌식 생활양식 등 재만조선인의 특수성도 이들의 주택문제를 가중시켰다. 주택문제는 다양한 양상으로 나타났다. 재만조선인들은 일본인이나 중국인 사이의 거래에서는 볼 수 없는 권리금 형식의 선불금을 지불해야 했고, 선불금 외에도 수리비 명목의 프리미엄이 붙기도 하였다. 재만조선인 사회에 등장한 ‘종이집’과 ‘쥬니까이(重二階’)는 주택문제의 심각성뿐만 아니라 조선인 밀집지역의 슬럼화를 상징하는 것이었다. 이러한 주택문제는 재만조선인의 성비 불균형, 하숙난 등 각종 사회문제로 이어졌고, 주택부족으로 인한 낮은 삶의 질과 불안정한 생활은 재만조선인들의 ‘귀국심리’를 자극하기도 하였다. 만주국 정부는 주택문제 해결을 위하여 주택의 신축과 임대료 통제 등의 조치를 내놓았으나 실효성은 높지 않았다. 이에 『만선일보』는 만주국 정부에 민족별 주택지 설정을 강하게 요구하는 한편 조선인 유력자들이 나서서 주택문제를 해결해 줄 것을 촉구하였다. 이밖에도 주택난에 대처하기 위한 재만조선인들만의 단체가 만들어졌고, 만주국협화회 민족분회도 재만조선인의 주택문제를 적극적으로 대변하고 이를 개선하려는 모습을 보였다.

Network Analysis on Ageing Problems : Identifying Network Differences between Types of Cities

Seo, Bojun,Lee, Soochang The International Promotion Agency of Culture Tech 2017 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.1 No.1

The research is to identify social networks of problems that have an influence on the quality of ageing people's lives by using social network analysis, based on the premise that there are differences in networks of ageing problems in urban and rural areas. From analyzing network of ageing people's problems using NodeXL, vertices in the networks of both urban and rural areas are well-connected. For urban areas, financial poverty is the core problem related to the quality of life. It has direct connections with illness and health, family responsibility, housing, role loss in community, and employment, which have positive or negative interactions with the quality of older people's lives. For rural areas, on the other hand, role loss in community is the major problem. It has direct connections with the elderly abuse, financial poverty, leisure activity, divorce, isolation and loneliness from society, education, and suicide. As a result, the research shows that the problems of ageing people have strong linkages and interactive effects with a structure of network, and the networks are different depending on types of places for living.

Network Analysis on Ageing Problems : Identifying Network Differences between Types of Cities

Bojun Seo,Soochang Lee 국제문화기술진흥원 2017 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.5 No.2

The research is to identify social networks of problems that have an influence on the quality of ageing people’s lives by using social network analysis, based on the premise that there are differences in networks of ageing problems in urban and rural areas. From analyzing network of ageing people’s problems using NodeXL, vertices in the networks of both urban and rural areas are well- connected. For urban areas, financial poverty is the core problem related to the quality of life. It has direct connections with illness and health, family responsibility, housing, role loss in community, and employment, which have positive or negative interactions with the quality of older people’s lives. For rural areas, on the other hand, role loss in community is the major problem. It has direct connections with the elderly abuse, financial poverty, leisure activity, divorce, isolation and loneliness from society, education, and suicide. As a result, the research shows that the problems of ageing people have strong linkages and interactive effects with a structure of network, and the networks are different depending on types of places for living.

Network Analysis on Ageing Problems : Identifying Network Differences between Types of Cities

서보준,이수창 국제문화기술진흥원 2017 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.5 No.2

The research is to identify social networks of problems that have an influence on the quality of ageing people’s lives by using social network analysis, based on the premise that there are differences in networks of ageing problems in urban and rural areas. From analyzing network of ageing people’s problems using NodeXL, vertices in the networks of both urban and rural areas are well-connected. For urban areas, financial poverty is the core problem related to the quality of life. It has direct connections with illness and health, family responsibility, housing, role loss in community, and employment, which have positive or negative interactions with the quality of older people’s lives. For rural areas, on the other hand, role loss in community is the major problem. It has direct connections with the elderly abuse, financial poverty, leisure activity, divorce, isolation and loneliness from society, education, and suicide. As a result, the research shows that the problems of ageing people have strong linkages and interactive effects with a structure of network, and the networks are different depending on types of places for living.

過疎農村地域의 休耕化 현상에 관한 연구

李翰邦 서울대학교 국토문제연구소 2000 지리학논총 별호 Vol.35 No.-

Case Study: Impact of Well-Planned Landscape in Delivering Quality of Life to City Dwellers

Adnan Younis,Atif Riaz,Muhammad Qasim 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-