전공글쓰기와 국어 음운사 지식의 구조

김남미 ( Kim Nam-mee ) 한말연구학회 2023 한말연구 Vol.64 No.21

The purpose of this article is to clarify the importance and involvement factors of the internalization process of the knowledge structure of Korean phonological change and to suggest that academic writing can contribute to the internalization process. The 'structure of knowledge' is a network of essential concepts, principles, and core ideas of the researcher's academic activities. The 'the knowledge structure of phonological change' means a change in the structure of phonological knowledge, which is a network of phonological systems and phonological phenomena. College of Education learners should internalize this structure knowledge of Korean phonological change and play a role in teaching them to deliver the structure of knowledge to learners and explore the structure of knowledge within the subsequent curriculum. First of all, it should be understood that the 'real data' of the phonology-related part described in the Korean language curriculum does not indicate the speech subject to linguistic analysis. At the same time, it should be possible to internalize the phonological researcher's methodology in which speech data is interpreted within the framework of the phonological system and phonological phenomena. The core concept of change in the knowledge structure of Korean phonological change should also be internalized within the framework of the phonological system and phonological phenomena. Academic writing can be useful tools to help learners in the process of internalizing the structure of knowledge. Through various academic writing processes in classes, learners can examine themselves while objectifying their thoughts, and strengthen themselves by leading them toward a more essential structure of knowledge.

葉以震의 校正本『中原音韻』音韻體系 고찰

배은한 한국중국언어학회 2014 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.51

This paper, in the course of contemplating the phonologic system of Ye Yizhen`s Revised Edition Zhongyuanyinyun, analyzes mainly the influencing relationship of the three Rhyming Dictionaries and their supplementary and amendment details with the Zhou Deqing`s Zhongyuanyinyun and Wang Wenbi`s Zhongzhouyinyun, which form mutual succession relationship, as comparison targets. Through the analyzation of the formation and the succession process of the Rhyming Dictionary, I could verify the basic composition with which Ye Yizhen compiled Revised Edition Zhongyuanyinyun by combining the supplementary details from Wang Wenbi`s Zhongzhouyinyun on the basis of Zhou Deqing`s Zhongyuanyinyun system. Regarding the basic composition of the succession process, I could confirm the fact that Revised Edition Zhongyuanyinyun was reorganized in such way that the system and supplementary contents of the two Rhyming Dictionaries were combined and modified based on the supplementary details from Wang Wenbi`s Zhongzhouyinyun. Regarding the issue of the author and book title for the Revised Edition Zhongyuanyinyun, I verified the origination background for the names "Chongding Zhongyuanyinyun" and "Zhongyuanyinyun Wenqiji" mentioned in the existing research results in the relevant fields and I suggested the basis of the reason it can`t be regarded as the original name of the Revised Edition Zhongyuanyinyun. Especially, I analyzed the cases in which the author was mistaken for Bu Ernan leading to the designation of the work as "Bu Ernan`s Zhongyuanyinyun Wenqiji" and I also assumed that the names "Chongding Zhongyuanyinyun" or "Zhongyuanyinyun Wenqiji", which originated in the course of posterity`s engraving and cover addition, are not the general book titles but aliases. In terms of the book title issue, "Zhongyuanyinyun" specified in the relevant Edition`s list and rhyme character`s list should be designated as the book title. But to avoid mistaking it for Zhou Deqing`s Zhongyuanyinyun, I suggested a method to establish a specific title such as "Ye Yizhen`s Zhongyuanyinyun" which includes the author`s name, or "Revised Edition Zhongyuanyinyun" which specifies the compilation system, or "Ye Yizhen`s Revised Edition Zhongyuanyinyun" which is the combination of the two elements mentioned above. The analysis of the phonologic system was done centering on the cases reflecting the difference between phonologic systems, based on the current record condition of the rhyme character`s sub-cluster and rhyme characters in the three Rhyming Dictionaries which include Zhou Deqing`s Zhongyuanyinyun, Wang Wenbi`s Zhongzhouyinyun and Revised Edition Zhongyuanyinyun. Among the merging and separation cases of rhyme character`s sub-cluster and rhyme characters reflected on the three Rhyming Dictionaries, I could identify the influence relationship of the Zero-initials and 泥-series-initials targeting the merging and separation condition of the 逸-rhyme character`s sub-cluster and 匿-rhyme character`s sub-cluster. And through the case of modifying phonetic notations such as "계有切", "枯苟切" and "知濫切", my analysis showed that, even though the phonetic notation method for the Revised Edition Zhongyuanyinyun follows the phonetic notation system of the Wang Wenbi`s Zhongzhouyinyun including Fanqie and Xieyin as it is, the character modifications for some phonetic notations are ones within the same phonologic system. Through the analysis of such modification cases for the phonetic notation system, I verified that, in terms of the practical phonologic system, the Revised Edition Zhongyuanyinyun is indeed the Rhyming Dictionary of Nanqu reflecting the southern phonologic system`s Wu-dialect during the last period of Ming Dynasty, since it maintains the sameness with the Wang Wenbi`s Zhongzhouyinyun in terms of the phonetic notation system even though, externally, it is composed in the form of restoring Zhou Deqing`s Zhongyuanyinyun system.

《무죄획승(無罪獲勝)》의 음운 체계 연구 - 운모 체계를 중심으로

김영찬 수원교회사연구소 2016 교회사학 Vol.0 No.13

《무죄획승(無罪獲勝)》은 1671년 예수회 선교사인 안토니우스 데 구베아(Antonio de Gouveia)가 작성한 문서이다. 이 문서는 원문의 한자마다 로마자로 발음을 표기해 놓아 한자의 발음을 알 수 있도록 한 것이 특징이다. 이 문서가 제공하는 한자의 로마자 발음 표기는 중국어 음운사 연구에 있어 가치 있는 자료이다. 로마자에 의한 한자 발음 표기는 한자로 한자의 발음을 표기하는 전통적인 자료의 한계를 보완할 수 있다. 또한 《서자기적(西字奇蹟)》 《서유이목자》 등 로마자로 한자의 발음을 표기한 문헌들은 《서유이목자》 를 제외하고는 많이 연구되지 않았고 그러한 자료들은 명말 청초 시기의 중국어 음운 체계를 파악하는데 많은 도움을 줄 것이다. 이에 따라 본 논문은 《무죄획승(無罪獲勝)》 의 로마자 표기를 연구하여 그에 반영된 중국어 음운 체계를 연구하였고 특히 운모 체계에 촛점을 맞추어 연구를 진행하였다. 그 결과 《무죄획승》은 먼저 출간된 《서자기적(西字奇蹟)》 《서유이목자(西儒耳目資)》 의 표기 전통을 대부분 계승하고 있으며, 운모 체계 역시 《서유이목자》 와 《운략회통(韻略匯通)》 등에 반영된 음운 변화를 상당 부분 반영하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 앞으로 본 논문의 연구 결과는 《중국도설(中國圖說)》 과 같은 또 다른 로마자 주음 자료를 연구하는데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보이며 근대 시기의 중국어 음운사를 연구하는 데에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Innocentia Victrixis a text written by a Portuguese missionary, Antonio de Gouveia in 1671. In this text, pronunciation of each Chinese character was Romanized so that we can figure out how the characters were pronounced at that time. The Romanized pronunciation descriptions that this text offers are a highly valuable research material on the history of Chinese phonological system. Using the Romanization system to write Chinese pronunciations can make up for the limitations of the traditional way of using Chinese characters to write Chinese pronunciations. Texts which tried to describe Chinese pronunciations like Xiziqijiand Xiru’ermuzihave not been studied sufficiently except for Xiru’ermuzi, and those texts are thought to help us understand Chinese phonological system in late Ming and early Qing eras. So, this paper studied Innocentia Victrix’sRomanization and the Chinese phonological system reflected in it, especially focusing on its final system. As a result, we found that Innocentia Victrixsucceeded to most of the transliteration tradition that Xiziqijiand Xiru’ermuzihad shown and its final system also reflected the phonological changes that Xiru’ermuzi and Yunlüehuitonghad shown. These findings are thought to be useful for studying other texts using Romanization system like Zhongguotushuoand it will contribute to studies on modern Chinese phonological system, too.

晉代 郭璞의 音注에 나타난 성모 체계

권혁준 중국어문연구회 2019 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.95

In this study we reconstruct the phonological system of initials as reflected in the Sound Glosses of Guo Pu[郭璞] of the Jin Dynasty[晉代]. His Sound Glosses include the direct phonetic notaions[直音法] and the fanqie spellings[反切注音法]. We have examined more than 1,600 cases of his glosses to find out which stage his initial system was placed in between Old Chinese[OC] and Middle Chinese[MC]. The result of each predecessor is not showing exactly the unified trends with regard to the Guo’s initial system, but each of them mostly claims that his initial system was making its way close to MC and was simultaneously being away from that of OC. We investigate whether the major following changes had been completed in the Guo’s system, i.e., palatalisation of zhang series[章組], glottalisation of ying series[影組], fricativisation of xie initial[邪母], zero initialisation of yi initial[以母], and the split of ri initial[日母] from ni initial[泥母] or niang initial[娘母]. If many of the above phenomena had been realised in his glosses, his system could be closer to that of MC as many of the previous studies concluded. But unlike the other studies, our close examination reveals that there are less cases of convincing evidence as for the completion of the above changes than for the preservation of OC phonology. Consequently, we can postulate that phonology of the initials in the Guo’s had not much evolved from that of OC. Besides, we also discover the vestiges of some of initial clusters which were still preserved as of his time although they did not exist in great quantities.

진대(晉代) 곽박(郭璞)의 음주(音注)와 압운에 나타난 개음 체계

권혁준 ( Kwon Hyokjun ) 중국어문연구회 2018 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.89

There are only a few studies conducted on the phonological systems of transitional periods between Old Chinese [OC] and Middle Chinese [MC]. We mostly ascribe this to the fact that the materials which tell much about these periods are only sparsely found. Therefore, they provide us with only a handful of suggestions about the phonology of the periods. But we have some materials which guarantee us to establish a single phonological system of any specific stage standing between OC and MC. These help us, for sure, to find some phonological phenomena or changes we could not find but for them. One sort of them can be Guo Pu’s (郭璞) sound glosses revealed in his annotations on the works such as Fangyan, Shanghaijing, Mutianzizhuan and Erya, along with the rimes in his poems, many of which unfortunately are extinct and consequently only a few of which survive into the present. His materials are espected to tell us much about what the aspects of sound changes were like or how the sound changes took place before his time. This study highlights a phonological system of medials as reflected in his sound glosses and in some extant rimes. The followings are the major findings of our study: The ^*-r-, the 2^nd grade medial marker, which is known to have affected vocalism of the following vowels as developing into MC, originates from OC and survives in the Guo Pu’s system. This is shown by a number of vowels unaffected by the retroflex medial -r- as yet. We expect that the -r- will affect the following 2^nd grade vowels eventually in some of the post-Guo Pu stages. Thus we postulate that the -r- as a 2^nd grade medial should be reconstructed as a substantial being in his system. As for the origin of the 3^rd grade medials, OC has only ^*-j- which will later palatalise the preceding consonants such as zhang series [章組], xie initial [邪母] and ri initial [日母], surviving into MC. The Guo Pu’s glosses reveal that some of the 3^rd grade vowels are fronted, which implies that the 3^rd grade medials other than -j- must have already occurred before his time. Phonetically speaking, each type of the 3^rd grade medials is combined with each type of initials as follows: Chongniu 4^th grade, jing series [精組], yi initial [以母]: -i- ( > -j- MC) Chongniu 3^rd grade, : -ri- ( > -i- MC) zhang series [章組], xie initial [邪母], ri initial [日母]: -j- ( > -j- MC) Velars, laryngeals, labials, zhuang series [莊組), yun initial [云母], zhi series [知組], lai initials [來母]: -i- ( > -i- MC) But from a phonemic point of view, 3^rd grade medials occurring later than OC are integrated into a single phoneme as either /i/ or /i/ as we define. Finally, we discuss -w-, the closed mouth medial [合口呼介音]. It is known to have been formed by the two different routes by MC. First, -w- has been formed out of some of back vowels by vowel breaking, i.e., diphthongisation, which caused the occurrence of the closed mouth medial -w-. The second route is involved with medialisation of the post-initial -^w- attached to the labio-initials such as ^*K^w- and ^*Q^w-. They finally changed into a regular medial -w-. According to the Guo Pu’s glosses, both vowel breaking and medialisation of -^w- must have already taken place as of his time.

이중모음 어간의 공시 음운론

이상신(Lee Sang-sin) 한국어문학회 2010 語文學 Vol.0 No.110

This paper aims at studying a synchronic phonology of diphthong-final stem, especially the constraints of applications of the phonological rules. In order to achieve this purpose, I establish the inventory of diphthong-final stem and applicable phonological rules. On the basis of this, I investigate the phonological processes of conjugation of diphthong-final stem. In this study, firstly, I have shown that the semivowel which is in front of input in phonologicla rules, is related with the semivowel formation, but is not related with the rest. Secondly, this does not mean that semivowel is directly related with phonological constraints. In fact, semivowel is not related with phonological constraints. Thirdly, the applications of phonological rules depend on the syllable structure accompanied by the results of the applications. Lastly, phonological rules works under such conditions as not destructing the phonological system.

국어 음운 변동의 교육 방법

조창규(Jo, Chang-gyu) 한국언어문학회 2012 한국언어문학 Vol.83 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to apply Concept Attainment Teaching Model(CATM) and to use phonological systems in Korean phonology teaching. CATM composes with four steps, which is to present examples and non-examples, to set hypothesis, to test hypothesis and to generalize. Since this model is easier to Inquiry Learning Method, it is easy to apply to low grade students and to reach instructional objectives. And yet, CATM has similar advantages to Inquiry Learning Method; to cultivate inquiring mind, to raise abilities of finding out knowledge and to keep a resolutive and applicable capability, etc. Phonological changes or variations are needed to teach connecting with phonological systems in Korean phonology teaching. Because we can explain most phonological phenomena which are connected with consonants or vowels by phonological system. By doing so, a teacher can explain several phonological phenomena at once and students are able to know phonological order well.

국어 음운 변동의 교육 방법 -개념 획득 학습 모형과 음운 체계 이용을 중심으로-

조창규 한국언어문학회 2012 한국언어문학 Vol.83 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to apply Concept Attainment Teaching Model(CATM) and to use phonological systems in Korean phonology teaching. CATM composes with four steps, which is to present examples and non-examples, to set hypothesis, to test hypothesis and to generalize. Since this model is easier to Inquiry Learning Method, it is easy to apply to low grade students and to reach instructional objectives. And yet, CATM has similar advantages to Inquiry Learning Method; to cultivate inquiring mind, to raise abilities of finding out knowledge and to keep a resolutive and applicable capability, etc. Phonological changes or variations are needed to teach connecting with phonological systems in Korean phonology teaching. Because we can explain most phonological phenomena which are connected with consonants or vowels by phonological system. By doing so, a teacher can explain several phonological phenomena at once and students are able to know phonological order well.

함남 함흥 지역어의 자음 체계 및 관련 음운 현상-/ㅈ, ㅉ, ㅊ, ㅅ, ㅆ/을 중심으로-

소신애 한국방언학회 2020 방언학 Vol.0 No.31

The purpose of this article is to discuss the consonantal system and the related phonological phenomena of the Hamheung subdialect in the South Hamgyeong Province from the synchronic and diachronic perspectives. In particular, it investigates the phonetic value and the phonological status of the consonants, focusing on /ㅈ, ㅉ, ㅊ, ㅅ, ㅆ/. The main points of discussion are as follows. First, /ㅈ, ㅉ, ㅊ/ of the Hamheung subdialect are palatal sounds(/ʧ, ʧ’, ʧʰ/) in the phonological system. Second, /ㅈ, ㅉ, ㅊ/ of this subdialect have shown the phonetic free variation since the mid-20th century, which is interpreted as reflecting 'a sound change in progress'. Third, the consonants /ㅈ, ㅉ, ㅊ/ of this subdialect appear to be rephonologizing from the palatal sounds to the alveolar sounds. Fourth, /ㅅ, ㅆ/ of this subdialect are alveolar sounds(/s, s’/) in the phonological system. Fifth, /ㅅ, ㅆ/ of this subdialect have shown the phonetic free variation only before 'i' since the mid-20th century, which is interpreted as reflecting 'a sound change in progress'. Sixth, /ㅅ, ㅆ/ of this subdialect are undergoing the phonetic change in the direction that the alveolar allophones are realized in front of 'i' as well as other vowels. 이 글의 목적은 함남 함흥 지역어의 자음 체계 및 관련 음운 현상에 대하여 공시적․통시적 관점에서 논의하는 것이다. 특히 /ㅈ, ㅉ, ㅊ, ㅅ, ㅆ/을 중심으로, 이들 자음의 음가 및 음운론적 지위를 밝히고자 한다. 주된 논의 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 함흥 지역어의 /ㅈ, ㅉ, ㅊ/은 음운 체계상 경구개음(/ʧ, ʧ’, ʧʰ/)이다. 둘째, 20세기 중엽 이후 이 지역어의 /ㅈ, ㅉ, ㅊ/은 음성적 자유 변이를 보여 주며, 이는 ‘진행 중인 음 변화’를 반영하는 것으로 해석된다. 셋째, 이 지역어의 자음 /ㅈ, ㅉ, ㅊ/은 경구개음에서 치조음으로의 재음운화가 진행 중인 것으로 보인다. 넷째, 이 지역어의 /ㅅ, ㅆ/은 음운 체계상 치조음(/s, s’/)이다. 다섯째, 20세기 중엽 이후 이 지역어의 /ㅅ, ㅆ/은 ‘i’ 앞에 한하여 음성적 자유 변이를 보여 주며, 이는 ‘진행 중인 음 변화’를 반영하는 것으로 해석된다. 여섯째, 이 지역어의 /ㅅ, ㅆ/은 ‘i’ 앞에서도 치조 변이음이 실현되는 방향으로 음가 변화를 겪고 있다.

일반 논문 : 현대 한국어의 음운론적 닿소리 체계도 연구 -조음방법 관계 갈말의 의미자질 분석을 중심으로-

박종덕 ( Jong Deok Park ) 한민족문화학회 2006 한민족문화연구 Vol.19 No.-

이 글에서는 현대 한국어의 닿소리 체계도에서 조음방법과 관련한 갈말을 대상으로 음운론적인 적격성을 논의하였다. 그 결과 아래와 같은 사실을 알게 되었다. 첫째, `장애음, 공명음, 자음소` 등은 음운론적인 닿소리 체계도에 적절하지 않다. 둘째, 조음방법과 관련하여 적절한 음운론적 갈말은 `폐쇄음소, 마찰음소, 폐찰음소, 개방음소` 등이다. 또한, 이 글에서는 현대 한국어의 음운론적 닿소리 체계도의 유형을 고찰 하였다. 그 결과 아래와 같은 체계도가 필요하다고 보았다. ◁표 삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요.) According to the introduction of Korean phonology from the last 2-3 decades (from 1980 to 2006), there is a duality of technical terms in relation to phonology. For instance, a plosive comes with an improsive or a stop sound. In such duality of technical terms, which technical term is phonologically most appropriate? In addition, the system of consonants in modern Korean exists in various types. Which type is phonologically most appropriate? This study mainly discusses these topics. In order to discuss these topics, this study analyzed the semantic feature of technical terms in relation to the system of consonants in Korean phonology from the last 2-3 decades. By doing so, phonetically the most appropriate technical terms were found. Also, phonetically the most appropriate system of consonant was established. In result, the following system of phonology was established. ◁표 삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요.)