An overlap-sensitive margin classifier for imbalanced and overlapping data

Lee, Han Kyu,Kim, Seoung Bum Pergamon 2018 Expert Systems with Applications Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Classification is an important task in various areas. In many real-world applications, class imbalance and overlapping problems have been reported as major issues in the application of traditional classification algorithms. An imbalance problem occurs when training data contain considerably more representatives of one class than of other classes. Class overlap occurs when a region in the data space contains a similar number of data for each class. When a class overlap occurs in imbalanced data sets, classification becomes even more complicated. Although various approaches have been proposed to deal separately with class imbalance and overlapping problems, only a few studies have attempted to address both problems simultaneously. In this paper, we propose an overlap-sensitive margin (OSM) classifier based on a modified fuzzy support vector machine and <I>k</I>-nearest neighbor algorithm to address imbalanced and overlapping data sets. The main idea of the proposed OSM classifier is to separate the data space into soft- and hard-overlap regions using the modified fuzzy support vector machine algorithm. The separated spaces are then classified using the decision boundaries of the support vector machine and 1-nearest neighbor algorithms. Furthermore, by separating a data set into soft- and hard-overlap regions, one can determine which part of the data is to be examined more closely for classification in real-world situations. Experiments using synthetic and real-world data sets demonstrated that the proposed OSM classifier outperformed existing methods for imbalanced and overlapping situations.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> An overlap-sensitive margin classifier was proposed. </LI> <LI> The method addresses both class imbalanced and overlapping problems. </LI> <LI> The hyperplane and margin separate the data sets into hard- and soft-overlap region. </LI> <LI> Comparison studies show that the proposed method outperformed existing methods. </LI> </UL> </P>

현상학적 지각 이론을 통해 본 중첩의 관입 특징

안현정(Ahn, Hyunjeong),홍상희(Hong, Sang-Hee) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2013 (사)한국디지털디자인협의회 conference Vol.2013 No.4

Overlapping is layering phenomenon of objects. This make a sequence and experience. Overlapping and space of experience is relation of cause and effect. Overlapping is made distance, distance make depth, and this relations take us a experience. This thesis say Phenomenological theory of perception can explain process of perception of overlapping. So this figure out elements of perception and I apply elements of perception in existence practices. So this find out characteristics of perception of overlapping. Finally, this thesis have a meaning that find out basic elements for being a experience space by overlapping.ㅌ

Nationwide Multicenter Study for Overlaps of Common Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Korean Patients With Constipation

( Kyung Sik Park ),( Sam Ryong Jee ),( Bong Eun Lee ),( Kyoung Sup Hong ),( Jeong Eun Shin ),( Soo-Young Na ),( Joong Goo Kwon ),( Suck Chei Choi ),( Yong Sung Kim ),( Hyun Seok Lee ),( Tae Hee Lee ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2017 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.23 No.4

Background/Aims In spite of increased concerns about the overlaps among the various functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), studies for the overlap between constipation and other common FGIDs are rare. Therefore, we investigated the patterns of overlaps between constipation and other common FGIDs. Methods This study was designed as a prospective nationwide multi-center questionnaire study using Rome III questionnaires for functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and functional constipation (FC), as well as various questionnaires about patients’ information, degree of symptoms, and quality of life. For the evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), GERD-Q was used. Results From 19 centers, 759 patients with constipation were enrolled. The proportions of FC and IBS subtypes of constipation (IBS-C) were 59.4% and 40.6%, respectively. Among them, 492 (64.8%) showed no overlap. One hundred and thirty-six patients (17.9%) presented overlapping GERD, and 80 patients (10.5%) presented overlapping FD. Fifty one (6.7%) of patients were overlapped by both GERD and FD. Coincidental herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) (P = 0.026) or pulmonary diseases (P = 0.034), reduced fiber intake (P = 0.013), and laxative use (P < 0.001) independently affected the rate of overlaps. These overlapping conditions negatively affected the constipation-associated quality of life, general quality of life, and degree of constipation. Conclusions The overlap of GERD or FD was common in patients with constipation. Coincidental HNP or pulmonary diseases, reduced fiber intake, and laxatives use were found to be independent associated factors for overlapping common FGIDs in Korean patients with constipation. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017;23:569-577)

The Improvement of the Data Overlapping Phenomenon with Memory Accessing Mode

Yang, Jin-Wook,Woo, Doo-Hyung,Kim, Dong-Hwan,Yi, Jun-Sin The Korean Infomation Display Society 2008 Journal of information display Vol.9 No.1

Mobile phones use the embedded memory in LDI (LCD Driver IC). In memory accessing mode, data overlapping phenomenon can occur. These days, various contents such as DMB, Camera, Game are merged to phone. Accordingly, with more data transmission, there would be more data overlapping phenomenon in memory accessing mode. Human eyes perceive this data overlapping phenomenon as simply horizontal line noise. The cause of the data overlapping phenomenon was analysed in this paper. The data overlapping phenomenon can be changed by the speed of data transmission between the host and LDI. The optimum memory accessing position can be defined. This paper proposes a new algorithm for avoiding data overlapping.

플라톤-소크라테스의 엘렝코스와 나가르주나의 공의 논리에 대한 상호문화적 읽기

조해정 범한철학회 2015 汎韓哲學 Vol.78 No.3

This is the paper about the intercultural reading on Plato-Socratic elenchos and Nāgārjuna's Logic of emptiness based on the method of intercultural interpretation of Mall. From an intercultural point of view, all the cultures in the world have their own different characters. but it is possible to communicate each other because of the overlapping (Überlappung). We can divide the concept of overlapping into that of the universal dimension and the particular dimension(the cases in the cultural context) of overlapping. Generally speaking, we can start intercultural dialogues from the universal dimension of overlapping, and then go through the cases, complete in the intercultural universal concept. The intercultural reading on Plato-Socratic elenchos and Nāgārjuna's logic of emptiness begins with the universal dimension of overlapping, which is the method of discussion to think or investigate philosophically. And then the intercultural reading lead to the particular dimension(the cases in the cultural context) of overlapping, namely, the similarities and differences in the dimension of cases. The dimension of cases is divided into the side of the target and the refutation. There are two sides the target and the refutation, with which we want to expose the target, in elenchos and logic of emptiness. Indirect method and and logical legitimacy in refutation are the moment of similarities. but the structures of refutation, namely, the single negation in elenchos and the double negation in logic of emptiness, are the moment of differences. The similarities on side of the target aim not to fall into skepticism, because they have the philosophical position which we can expose through the refutation. The differences are the differences in the kinds of knowledges, the first is a kind of reasonable knowledge, the second is a kind of irrational/intuitive insight like Madhyamā Pratipad(中道). Therefore, in the intercultural reading on elenchos and logic of emptiness, the dimension of cases in overlapping(which appears in the moments of the similarities and differences) lies in the center, and the final aim is to demonstrate whether elenchos and logic of emptiness, though they have the moment differences, are the methods of philosophical argumentations or not. 본 연구는 말의 상호문화적 해석의 방법에 의거한 플라톤-소크라테스의 엘렝코스(ἔλενχος)와 나가르주나의 공(śūnya)의 논리에 대한 상호문화적 읽기의 실제이다. 상호문화적 읽기의 관점에서 문화들은 모두 서로 다른 고유성을 갖지만, 중첩(Überlappung)에 의해서 대화는 가능하다. 중첩의 개념은 포괄적인 보편 차원과 문화적 맥락에서 전개되는 사례 차원의 중첩으로 나누어지는데, 대화는 포괄적인 중첩에서 출발하여 사례 차원의 여러 중첩의 계기들에서 세부적으로 조명되고 상호문화적 보편에서 마무리된다. 엘렝코스와 공의 논리에 대한 읽기는 양자 모두 철학의 탐구 내지 철학적 사유를 전개하는 논증 방법이라는 포괄적인 중첩을 출발점으로 하여, 맥락적인 사례 차원의 유사성과 차이의 계기들에 대한 조명과 유비의 과정으로 이어진다. 사례에서의 중첩은 논박과 목표의 측면으로 나누어볼 수 있다. 엘렝코스와 공의 논리에는 논박과 논박을 통해서 드러내고자 하는 목표의 측면이 있기 때문이다. 논박의 간접성과 논리적인 합법성은 유사성의 계기이지만, 엘렝코스의 단일적인 부정과 공의 논리의 이중부정의 논박 구조는 차이의 계기이다. 목표에서의 유사성은 논박을 통해서 드러내고자 하는 철학적 입장이 있음으로 해서 회의주의로 경도되지 않도록 한다는 것이고, 차이는 각각 X에 대한 정의 규정이라는 합리적 지식과 비합리적/직관적 통찰인 중도(中道, Madhyamā Pratipad)의 연기라는 목표로 하는 지식 종류에서의 차이에 있다. 그러므로 엘렝코스와 공의 논리에 대한 상호문화적 읽기는 유사성과 차이의 계기들로 현상하는 사례 차원의 중첩들을 중심으로 하되, 최종적인 목표는 차이의 계기들에도 불구하고 양자 모두 철학을 탐구하는 논증의 방법일 수 있는가 하는 것을 입증하는 데 있게 된다.

Overlapping method와 SPIHT Algorithm과 Lifting Steps을 이용한 3차원 손실 의료 영상 압축 방법

김영섭 한국산학기술학회 2003 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.4 No.3

This paper focuses on lossy medical image compression methods for medical images that operate on three-dimensional(3D) irreversible integer wavelet transform. We offer an application of the Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees(SPIHT) algorithm〔l-3〕to medical images, using a 3-D wavelet decomposition and a 3-D spatial dependence tree. The wavelet decomposition is accomplished with integer wavelet filters implemented with the lifting method, where careful scaling and truncations keep the integer precision small and the transform unitary. As the compression rate increases, the boundaries between adjacent coding units become increasingly visible. Unlike video, the volume image is examined under static condition, and must not exhibit such boundary artifacts. In order to eliminate them, we utilize overlapping at axial boundaries between adjacent coding units. We have tested our encoder on medical images using different integer filters. Results show that our algorithm with certain filters performs as well. The improvement is visibly manifested as fewer ringing artifacts and noticeably better reconstruction of low contrast. 이 논문은 3차원 정수 웨이브릿 변환을 이용한 손실 의료 영상 압축에 대한 방법을 보여준다. 의료영상에 3차원 웨이브릿 분할법과 3차원 spatial dependence tree를 이용한 Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees(SPIHT) algorithm을 제공한다. 또한 3차원 웨이브릿 분할법에서 정수 웨이브릿 필터들을 이용한 lifting방법을 이용하고, unitary 변환을 만들기 위하여 정확한 scaling을 이용한다. 압축률이 증가하면 할수록 인접한 coding unit사이에선 boundary effect가 생긴다. Video와 같지 않아서 인접한 coding unit사이에서의 boundary artifact는 보여서는 안 된다. 이러한 현상을 제거하기 위해서 인접한 coding unit사이에 axial domain으로 overlapping방법을 사용한다. 또한 코딩 할 때 여러 종류의 정수 필터들을 사용한다. 결과로 어떤 특정한 필터를 사용할 때 좋은 결과를 얻었고 overlapping방법을 사용했기 때문에 ringing artifacts는 거의 찾아 볼 수가 없게 되었다. 그리고 어두운 면을 코딩 할 때도 좋은 결과를 얻었다.

고분해능 장애물 탐지를 위한 중첩 초음파 센서 링의 최적 설계

김성복,김현빈,Kim, Sung-Bok,Kim, Hyun-Bin 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.17 No.2

This paper presents the optimal design of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring for high resolution obstacle detection of an autonomous mobile robot. It is assumed that a set of low directivity ultrasonic sensors of the same type are arranged along a circle of nonzero radius at a regular spacing with their beams overlapped. First, taking into account the dead angle region, the entire range of obstacle detection is determined with reference to the center of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring. Second, the optimal design index of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring is defined as the area closeness of three sensing subzones resulting from beam overlap. Third, the lower and upper bounds on the number of ultrasonic sensors are derived, which can guarantee minimal beam overlap and also avoid excessive beam overlap among adjacent ultrasonic sensors. Fourth, employing a commercial low directivity ultrasonic sensor, an optimal design example of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring is given along with the ultrasonic sensor ring prototype mounted on top of a mobile robot. Finally, some experimental results using our prototype ultrasonic sensor ring are given to demonstrate the validity and performance of an optimally overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring for high resolution obstacle detection.

중첩효과의 특성을 적용한 전시공간 계획요소에 관한 연구

박진희,최준성,오덕성 대한건축학회지회연합회 2007 대한건축학회지회연합회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.1

The purpose of this study about Exhibition space plan element that apply special quality of Overlapping effect. Because grasp concept about overlapping and special quality of each element, examined whether there is some effect characteristic and space. Choose by exhibition space and analyzed work that characteristic and effect of front are expressed well by example analysis. Composition pattern to invent special quality of overlapping effect from exhibition space of this study is consisted mutually by organic consecutiveness. Therefore, can exuviate in do single space jealousy. Accordingly, visual point is established and can feel overlapping.

音變化로서의 자음탈락 고찰

정인호 ( Jeong Inho ) 한국방언학회 2021 방언학 Vol.- No.34

본고에서는 음변화로서의 자음탈락의 유형을 자음약화에 의한 탈락과 자음중복에 의한 탈락으로 분류하여 그 양상을 살펴보았다. 먼저, 자음약화에 의한 탈락은 모음 사이에서 조음체와 조음점 사이의 간극이 점점 벌어지면서 결국 탈락에 이르게 되는 단계변이이다. ‘ㄱ’탈락은 ‘[g](유성폐쇄음)>[ɣ](유성마찰음)>[ɰ](접근음)>∅’의 과정을, 그리고 ‘ㄹ’탈락은 ‘[ɾ](탄설음)>[ɹ̝](마찰음)>[ɹ](접근음)>∅’의 과정을 거친 것이다. 다음으로, 자음중복에 의한 탈락은 인접한 두 자음을 발음하기 위한 조음동작이 점점 겹쳐짐으로써 음향·청각적으로 약한 자음이 결국 탈락에 이르게 되는 단계 변이이다. ‘ㄱ’탈락은 ‘ㅇㄱ’ 연쇄에서 ‘ㅇ’과 ‘ㄱ’의 조음동작이 겹쳐짐으로써 ‘ㅇㄱ>ㅇㅇ>ㅇ’의 과정을 거쳐 ‘ㄱ’이 탈락하는 현상이다. ‘ㄹ’탈락은 폐쇄지속시간이 긴경·격음의 조음동작이 선행하는 음절말 자음 ‘ㄹ’의 조음동작과 겹쳐짐으로써 약한 자음인 ‘ㄹ’이 탈락하는 것이고 ‘ㄴ’탈락은 두 비음의 조음동작이 겹쳐짐으로써 약한 비음인 ‘ㄴ’이 탈락하는 현상이다. In this paper, I classified the types of consonant deletion as a sound change into deletion via lenition and deletion via overlapping, and examined the aspects of deletions. First, consonant deletion via lenition is a Stufenwechsel(=step variation) that consonant leads to deletion as the gap between articulator and point of articulation gradually widens between two vowels. The ‘k [g]’ is deleted through the process of ‘[g] (voiced stop)>[ɣ] (voiced fricative)>[ɰ] (approximant)>∅’, and the ‘l [r]’ is deleted through the process of ‘[ɾ] (tap) >[ɹ̝] (fricative)>[ɹ] (approximant)>∅’. Next, consonant deletion via overlapping is a Stufenwechsel in which the acoustically and auditory weak consonant eventually leads to deletion as the articulatory gestures for pronouncing two adjacent consonants gradually overlap. The ‘k [g]’ is deleted through the process of ‘ŋ-g > ŋ-ŋ >ŋ’ because the articulatory gestures of two consonants overlaps in the sequence of ‘ŋ-g’. The deletion of ‘l ’ is caused by the overlapping of the articulatory gestures of the ejectives or aspirates with the preceding syllable-final consonant ‘l ’. And the deletion of ‘n ’ is caused by the overlapping of the articulatory gestures of the two nasal consonants.

스미어 영역 겹침이 점성토 지반의 압밀에 미치는 영향

윤찬영,김범준,강희웅 한국지반공학회 2013 한국지반공학회논문집 Vol.29 No.4

To simulate the soft ground improved by vertical drain method and to investigate the effect of overlapping smear on subsequent consolidation behavior, a series of consolidation tests with a large consolidation chamber and mandrel insertion device were conducted. Based on the test result, numerical analysis was also performed to analyze the efficiency of the vertical drain method. Laboratory test and numerical analysis results showed that the effect of smear zone increased consolidation settlement but the overlapping smear zone decreased the consolidation settlement. In addition, vertical drain accelerated consolidation rate but narrowing the drain spacing did not affect the consolidation rate because of the effect of smear. The efficiency of consolidation rather decreased substantially when the smear zone was overlapped.