Effect of dietary legumes on bone-specific gene expression in ovariectomized rats

Deog-Yoon Kim,Yongsoon Park,Hyoun-Jung Moon,Doo-Jin Paik 대한지역사회영양학회 2013 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.7 No.3

In previous studies, we found that the consumption of legumes decreased bone turnover in ovariectomized rats. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether the protective effects on bone mineral density (BMD) and the microarchitecture of a diet containing legumes are comparable. In addition, we aim to determine their protective actions in bones by studying bone specific gene expression. Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats are being divided into six groups during the 12 week study: 1) rats that underwent sham operations (Sham), 2) ovariectomized rats fed an AIN-93M diet (OVX), 3) ovariectomized rats fed an AIN-93M diet with soybeans (OVX-S), 4) ovariectomized rats fed an AIN-93M diet with mung beans (OVX-M), 5) ovariectomized rats fed an AIN-93M diet with cowpeas (OVX-C), and 6) ovariectomized rats fed an AIN-93M diet with azuki beans (OVX-A). Consumption of legumes significantly increased BMD of the spine and femur and bone volume of the femur compared to the OVX. Serum calcium and phosphate ratio, osteocalcin, expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), and the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) ratio increased significantly, while urinary excretion of calcium and deoxypyridinoline and expression of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly reduced in OVX rats fed legumes, compared to OVX rats that were not fed legumes. This study demonstrates that consumption of legumes has a beneficial effect on bone through modulation of OPG and RANKL expression in ovariectomized rats and that legume consumption can help compensate for an estrogen-deficiency by preventing bone loss induced by ovarian hormone deficiency.

Estrogen 및 Progesterone투여가 난소적출 흰쥐의 자궁조직에 미치는 영향

정영호 중부대학교 자연과학연구소 2001 自然科學硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.1

This study was conducted to find out the effects of estrogen and progesterone uterine tissue on the growing female rats which were ovariectomized. For this purpose, 100 heads of rat(Wistar-Imamichi strain), 28 days old were divided into 4 groups; ovariectomy (Ovx.), ovariectomy treated with estrogen (Ovx.+Est.), ovariectomy treated with estrogen and progesterone (Ovx.+Est.+Prog.) and control group. Twenty-five heads of rats were arranged to each group. The ovariectomized group treated with estrogen received 1 ㎍ estrogen daily. The ovariectomized group treated with estrogen and progesterone injected 1 ㎍ estrogen and 3 ㎎ progesterone daily. On the other hand, every 5 head of rats in each group were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks after treatments with time elapse for investigating the uterine tissue. The results obtained are as follow; The cross section of diameter of uterus in control group increased compare with ovariectomized group at all observations. The endometrium thickness were increased in Ovx.+Est. group and Ovx.+Est.+Prog. group in comparison with Ovx. group but were not significant among the compared group at all observation times. The results obtained in this study suggest that uterus of ovariectomized rat is able to respond to an exogenous ovarian hormone stimulus. But estrogen in combination with progesterone is more effective than either hormone alone in increasing uterus growth in ovariectomized rats. In the normal uterus, epithelial cells are lined with simple columnar epithelium, but after continuous estrogen and progesterone treatment, these epithelia maybe stratified and often showed atypical cytology.

구기자가 갱년기 장애 유도 흰쥐의 혈 중 지질 함량 변화에 미치는 영향

김미향 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 2003 自然科學論文集 Vol.12 No.-

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lycii fructus (LF) on the lipids on serum in ovariectomized estrogen-deficient rats. Two groups were surgically ovariectomized. The third group was sham operated. From day 2 until day 37 after the ovariectomy, Sprague-Dawley female rats were raninvestigate the effects of ethanol extract, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups : sham-operated rats (sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), ovariectomized rats supplemented with LF extract at 50 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-LF). The LF extract as orally administrated at 1 mL per day. Body weight gain was not significantly different in groups. The levels of total cholesterol was higher in ovariectomized control rats than Sham-operated rats, but supplementation of LF ethanol extracts at 50 mg/kg bw/day decreased the level of cholesterol in surum. Moreover, the serum HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased after supplementation with LF extract. These results might be expected that ethanol extract of LF is believed to be possible protective effects for the fatty serum increasing serum lipid.

쑥이 갱년기 장애 유도 흰쥐의 혈중 지질 및 결합조직 중 Collagen 함량에 미치는 영향

김미향,Kim, Mi-Hyang 한국생약학회 2006 생약학회지 Vol.37 No.4

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Artemisia Princeps Var. Orientalis (AP) on serum lipids and the collagen content of the connective tissues in ovariectomized rats. From day 2 until day 37 after the ovariectomy, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-operated rats (Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), and ovariectomized rats supplemented with the AP 50 mg/kg bw/day (OVX-AP). The AP ethanol extracts were orally administrated 1 mL per day. The OVX rats were significantly heavier than the sham-operated rats at all time points, but supplementation with the AP extracts tended to gain weight less than OVX-control. Although total-cholesterol was increased at OVX-control, supplementation with the AP extracts tended to result in less than OVX-control. Triglyceride was significantly decreased after supplemented with the AP extracts (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol is appeared higher AP extracts group than OVX-control. According to the results, we could know the fact that AP extracts were effective on serum lipids content throughout decreasing total-cholesterol, triglyceride and increasing HDL-cholesterol in ovariectomized rats. Supplementation with the AP extracts prevented a decrease in the collagen level in bone and cartilage tissues. These results are consistent with the conclusions based on the estrogenic activities of AP. Therefore, it may be used to possibly improve the quality of life in menopausal women.

16주간 트레드밀 운동이 난소절제 쥐 해마의 신경전달물질 및 신경가소성 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향

기태원(Tae Won Ki),김제원(Ze One Kim),윤진환(Jin hwan Yoon) 한국문화융합학회 2021 문화와 융합 Vol.43 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 16주간 트레드밀 운동이 난소절제 쥐 해마의 신경전달물질 및 신경가소성 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향을 관찰함으로써 운동이 뇌 기능 변화에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구는 25주령의 Sprague Dawley계 암컷 쥐를 대상으로 통제집단(n=12), 난소절제 통제집단(n=12) 및 난소절제 트레드밀 운동집단(n=12), 총 세 집단으로 구분하였다. 난소절제 트레드밀 운동집단은 16주간 주 5일, 1일 40분, 25 m/min의 속도로 트레드밀 달리기 운동을 실시하였다. 16주간 트레드밀 운동 후 해마의 신경전달물질, 신경가소성 단백질 발현 및 기억력 변화를 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Serotonin 함량은 난소절제 트레드밀 운동집단은 난소절제 통제집단과 비교하여 유의하게 증가하였다. 그러나 AChE mRNA 발현은 난소절제 트레드밀 운동집단이 난소절제 통제집단과 비교하여 유의하게 감소하였다. BDNF mRNA 와 synapsin Ⅰ mRNA 발현은 난소절제 트레드밀 운동집단이 난소절제 통제집단과 비교하여 유의하게 증가하였다. 수동회피실험을 실시한 결과, 난소절제 트레드밀 운동집단은 난소절제 통제집단과 비교하여 조명이 켜진 방에 머문 시간이 유의하게 증가하여 기억력이 향상된 결과를 나타냈다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 16주간 트레드밀 운동은 난소절제 쥐 해마의 뇌 신경전달 물질과 신경가소성 관련 단백질 발현에 긍정적 변화를 가져오며, 기억력 개선에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 트레드밀 운동이 신경전달 물질 및 신경가소성 단벡질 발현이 증가됨으로써 뇌 신경세포를 보호하고, 시냅스가소성에 영향을 주어 기억력 기능에 긍정적 영향을 미친 것으로 생각된다. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of 16 weeks treadmill exercise on neurotransmitter and neuroplasticity protein expression in ovariectomized rats. Twenty-six weeks+ old Sprague Dawley female rats were assigned to three groups(N= 36): healthy normal control group(CON, n=12), ovariectomized control group(OVX+ CON, n=12), and ovariectomized treadmill exercise group(OVX+TEX). The rats were forced to run on the treadmill (5 days/week) for 30 min daily for 16 weeks at a speed of 25 m/min. After 16 weeks of treadmill exercise, serotonin levels, BDNF mRNA, synapsin Ⅰ mRNA expression in the hippocampus were significantly increased in ovariectomized treadmill exercise group compared with ovariectomized control group. However, AChE mRNA was significantly decreased in ovariectomized treadmill exercise group compared with ovariectomized control group. Also, 16 weeks treadmill exercise improved the and short-term memory in the in ovariectomized rats. These results suggested that in ovariectomized rats, 16 weeks treadmill exercise may benefit short-term memory by improvement of hippocampus neuroplasticity related factors mRNA expression and neurotransmitter.

The Effect of Eisenia bicyclis Extracts on Antioxidant Activity and Serum Lipid Level in Ovariectomized Rats

Yong Soo Park(박용수),Mihyang Kim(김미향) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.10

갱년기의 여성에는 여러 폐경 증후들이 나타나는데, 특히 에스트로겐의 감소로 인한 혈중의 지질 조성의 변화 등으로 심혈관계 질환의 발병율이 높아지게 된다. 이러한 폐경기의 문제를 감소시키기 위하여 호르몬 보충요법이 사용되고 있으나 유방암, 관상동맥질환 등을 오히려 증가시키는 등의 보고가 있다. 따라서 해조류 중에서 갈조류인 대황 추출물을 이용하여 갱년기 유도 흰쥐의 혈중지질 농도, 혈소판 응집력 및 혈액 유동성을 통하여 그 효과를 검토하고자 하였다. 또한 동물실험에 이용하기 위한 추출물 제조 방법으로는 열수와 에탄올을 이용하는 것이 일반적이므로, 이러한 추출 방법으로 추출물을 제조한 후 항산화 활성을 측정하여 활성이 우수한 추출물을 본 실험에 이용하고자 하였다. 실험 결과 갱년기 유도로 인하여 증가된 혈청 중 중성지방 및 총콜레스테롤 함량은 대황 추출물 투여에 의해 저하되었으며, 특히 대황 추출물 200 mg/kg bw/day 투여는 중성지방 함량을 유의적으로 감소시키는 결과를 나타내었다. AI와 CRF는 난소를 절제한 OVX-CON군이 난소를 절제하지 않은 SHAM 군 보다 유의적으로 증가하는 결과가 나타났으나, 대황 추출물의 투여에 의해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 또한 대황추출물의 항 혈전능에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해, 난소절제로 인하여 혈 중 지질 함량이 증가한 상태에서 washed platelet을 분리하고 콜라겐 2 μg으로 혈소판 응집을 유도하였다. 그 결과 대황 추출물을 투여한 군이 OVX-CON군에 비해 혈소판 응집을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다(Table 5). Amplitude (%)는 난소절제를 한 OVX-CON군이 난소절제를 하지 않은 SHAM군과 비교하여 증가하였으나, 대황 추출물 투여군인 OVX-EB50 및 OVX-EB200군 모두에서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 난소절제로 인해 OVX-CON군이 비 난소절제군인 SHAM 군과 비교하여 Slop이 증가하여 혈소판 응집이 촉진되었으나, 대황 추출물 투여에 의해 감소하였고 특히 OVX-EB50군에서 유의적으로 감소하여 혈소판 응집이 억제되었다. 응집시간을 나타내는 lag time (sec)은 난소절제에 의해 반응이 일어나는 시간이 짧아져, 혈소판 응집이 촉진되는 결과가 나타났다. 이에 반해 대황 추출물 투여군인 OVX-EB50 및 OVX-EB200군에서 응집시간이 지연되었으며, 특히 OVX-EB200군의 경우 정상군인 SHAM군과 같은 응집지연 효과를 보였다. 한편, 대황 추출물이 혈액의 유동성에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험 결과 난소절제에 의해 혈액의 점도가 증가하여 유동성이 저하되었으나, 대황 추출물 투여에 의해 유동성이 향상됨을알 수 있었다. 따라서 대황 추출물이 외부자극으로 인한 혈소판 응집능이나, 점도의 증가로 인한 혈액의 유동성에 효과적인 것으로 보여진다. 따라서 이상과 같이 대황 추출물이 혈중 LDL-콜레스테롤, AI 및 CRF를 감소시키고, 혈액 유동성을 증가시키는 결과로부터 심혈관 질환의 위험율을 저하시킬 수 있는 소재가 될 것으로 기대가 되나, 앞으로 투여량의 범위 및 조절 등의 구체적인 연구가 요구된다. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is an effective regimen that has been found to prevent these diseases in postmenopausal women. However, HRT is accompanied by an increased risk of unfavorable outcomes. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Eisenia Bicyclis extract on lipids in ovariectomized rats. Fifty 7-week-old female Sprague?Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham-operated rats (SHAM), ovariectomized rats (OVX-CON), and ovariectomized rats that were treated with Eisenia bicyclis extracts. The extract-treated diets were fed to the rats for 6 weeks after operation. Antioxidant effects were measured by DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract increased in a dose-dependent manner and was about 55.9% in a concentration of 100 μg/ml. We measured the total cholesterol content, triglyceride content, HDL-cholesterol content, LDL-cholesterol content, atherosclerotic index, cardiac risk factor in serum, and anti-platelet aggregation and blood rheology. The total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in serum increased for the OVX-control group, but supplementation with the E. bicyclis extract caused these factors to decrease. Notably, the serum LDL-cholesterol concentration in the OVX-EB200 group was significantly lower than the OVX-CON group. In addition, the blood passage times in rats that received the E. bicyclis extract were more rapid than the times in the untreated group (OVX-CON). Microscopic evaluation revealed that whole blood passed more smoothly through the microchannels in rats in the E. bicyclis extract supplement groups. Our results clarified the effects of E. bicyclis extract on serum lipid content in ovariectomized rats, and consequently we expect positive effects from providing E. bicyclis extract to postmenopausal women with cardiovascular disease.

석류가 갱년기 장애를 유도한 흰쥐의 혈 중 지질 함량에 미치는 영향

박미라(Mi-Ra Park),김미향(Mihyang kim) 한국생명과학회 2008 생명과학회지 Vol.18 No.1

석류(Punica granatum L.)는 생리활성이 강한 천연성분인 폴리페놀과 탄닌이 많이 함유되어 있어 예로부터 전통요법의 치료제로 사용되어 왔으며, 최근에는 석류의 phytoestrogen을 이용하여 갱년기 치료에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행중이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 석류의 씨와 껍질의 ethanol추출물과 석류 껍질 분획물을 이용하여 인위적으로 난소를 절제하여 폐경을 야기 시킨 흰쥐에서의 혈 중 지질 농도의 변화를 검토하였다. 그 결과 혈 중 total-cholesterol 및 triglyceride 농도에 있어서는 석류 ethanol추출물 투여에 의한 유의적인 효과는 없었으나, triglyceride의 경우 석류 껍질 추출물의 200 ㎎/㎏·bw/day투여군에서는 OVX-control에 비하여 낮게 나타났다. 또한 혈 중 HDL-cholesterol농도는 석류씨와 껍질부분을 추출한 모든 실험군에서 동맥경화의 지표로서 관상성 심장질환에 대한 방어 작용을 가지고 있는 HDL-cholesterol 함량이 높게 나타났다. 특히 석류 껍질부분의 ethanol추출물의 경우 OVX-control에 비하여 유의적으로 나타나 갱년기장애로 인한 심혈관계 질환을 예방하는 천연에스트로겐 대체 식품으로서의 귀추가 주목된다. This study investigated the effects of Punica granatum L. (PG) ethanol extracts on serum lipid levels in ovariectomized rats. In order to elucidate the effects of PG ethanol extracts on the change of lipid concentration in rats, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to groups as follows : sham-operated rats (sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), ovariectomized rats supplemented with ethanol extracts of PG seed at 50 ㎎/㎏ bw/day (OVX-PS50), ovariectomized rats supplemented with ethanol extracts of PG seed at 200 ㎎/㎏ bw/day (OVX-PS200), ovariectomized rats supplemented with ethanol extracts of PG peel at 50 ㎎/㎏ bw/day (OVX-PP50), ovariectomized rats supplemented with ethanol extracts of PG peel at 200 ㎎/㎏ bw/day (OVX-PP200). PG ethanol extracts were orally supplemented at the level of 1mL per day for 7 weeks. The body weight gain, food intake and food efficiency ratio were not significantly different between groups by t-test. The levels of total-cholesterol and triglyceride in serum were not changed by supplementation of PG ethanol extracts. The level of HDL-cholesterol on serum of the OVX-PS50 and OVX-PS200 groups were similar to the OVX-control group, but the OVX-PP50 and OVX-PP200 groups were higher than sham group. These results suggest that ethanol extracts of PG peel were more effected than those of PG seed.

Detraining이 난소절제 흰쥐 해마의 신경가소성 관련 단백질 발현 및 공간지각에 미치는 영향

정성은,윤진환 한국생활환경학회 2020 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.27 No.3

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of detraining on mRNA expression of neuroplasticity-related factors in hippocampus and spatial perception in ovariectomized rats. Twenty five-week-old Sprague Dawley female rats were assigned to three groups(n=12): normal control group(CON), ovariectomized control group(OVX+CON), and ovariectomized treadmill exercise group(OVX+TE). The ovariectomized exercise group performed 12 weeks treadmill exercise and then 12 weeks detraining. After 12 weeks of detraining, BDNF mRNA, IGF-1 mRNA expression in the hippocampus were significantly increased in ovariectomized treadmill exercise group compared with ovariectomized control group. However, VEGF mRNA expression was non significantly increased in ovariectomized tredmill exercise group compared with ovariectomized control group. Escape latency was significantly decreased in ovariectomized treadmill exercise group compared with ovariectomized control group. These results suggest that l2 weeks detraining can result in loss of functional capacity in ovariectomized rats’hippocampus and its effectiveness is still preserved after detraining.

난소 절제 쥐에서 홍국의 첨가가 혈중 지질에 미치는 영향과 혈중 콜레스테롤과 골대사 지표 및 호르몬과의 관련성

최미자,유대식,Choi Mi-Ja,Yu Tae-Shick 동아시아식생활학회 2005 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.15 No.3

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of red-yeast-rice on blood lipids and also to investigated the relation of blood lipids, bone related hormones, and bone mineral density in overiectomized rats. Forty female rats (body weight $210\pm5$g) were divided into two groups. The rats in the first group were ovariectomized which the others received sham operation (SHAM). And then each rat group was further divided into control diet $(casein\;20\%)$ and red-yeast-rice powder supplemented $(0.1\%)$ diet group. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus in spine and femur. Bone formation and bone resorption were measured by serum osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks value. Serum growth hormone, IGF-1 and calcitonin were analyzed using radioimmunoassay kits. The red-yeast-rice group had significantly lower the blood triglyceride concentration and had lower the blood total cholesterol concentration than casein group did in ovariectomized rats. And the red-yeast-rice group than casein group in ovariectomized rats. The red-yeast-rice group had significantly lower the atherogenic index than control group within the ovariectomized groups. In the experimental rats, serum total cholesterol concentration was negatively correlated with femur BMC and crosslink value. Crosslink value was negatively correlated with spine BMC and IGF-1. Osteocalcin concentration was negatively correlated with crosslink value. Growth hormone was negatively correlated with crosslink value and positively correlated with spine BMC. The findings of this study suggest that red-yeast-rices are beneficial for blood lipid in ovariectomized rats. And when considering a population-based public health approach to lowering cholesterol and bone loss, and preventing coronary heart disease and osteoporosis, the red-yeast-rice dietary supplement could provide a new approach for the maintenance of healthier cholesterol and bone.

The effects of different exercise modes for preventing endothelial dysfunction of arteries and bone loss in ovariectomized rats

( Jong Hoon Park ),( Nao Mi Omi ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.2

Jonghoon Park and Naomi Omi. The effects of different exercise modes for preventing endothelial dysfunction of arteries and bone loss in ovariectomized rats. JENB., Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.133-139, 2014 [Purpose]Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that there are positive correlations between vascular disorders and bone loss in postmenopausal women. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of different types of exercise (e.g., climbing and swimming) for preventing endothelial dysfunction of arteries and bone loss in ovariectomized rats. [Methods]Twenty Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into three groups: ovariectomy (OVX) plus treatment with vitamin D3and nicotine (VDN) (control rats [Con], n = 7), which is an animal model for endothelial dysfunction and bone loss; voluntary climbing resistance exercise with OVX plus VDN (climbing rats [Clim],n = 6), and swimming exercise with OVX plus VDN (swimming rats [Swim], n = 7). The period of exercise training was 8 weeks. [Results]The endothelin-1 (ET-1) protein levels were significantly lower in the Clim and Swim groups than in the Con. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein levels were significantly higher in the Swim group than in the Con, but they did not differ between the Clim and Con groups. The cortical bone mineral density in the tibia and breaking energy of the femur were significantly higher in the Clim group than in the Con, but this positive effect was not seen in the Swim group. [Conclusion]Voluntary climbing exercise decreased arterial ET-1 protein levels and prevented bone loss in a postmenopause-model rat combining OVX and VDN. Conversely, swimming suppressed endothelial dysfunction of the arteries but did not prevent bone loss. Thus, the type of exercise should be cautiously chosen for enhancing vascular function and bone status, especially in females after menopause. [Keywords]weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing exercise, endothelial dysfunction, bone loss, ovariectomized rat