식이 칼슘량이 난소 절제한 흰쥐에서 골대사 지표에 미치는 영향

최미자 동아시아식생활학회 1996 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.6 No.3

This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary calcium level(a diet which met 100% or twice the calcium level in AIN-76 diet) on preventing bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Forty female Sprauge-Dawley rats(body weight 200±5g) were divided into two groups. One group were ovariectomized(Ovx) while the others received sham operation (Sham). Thereafter, each rat group was further divided into normal calcium diet(NCD, 0.52%) and high calcium diet(HCD, 1.04% sub-groups. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 8 weeks. Urinary pyridinoline & creatinine and serum estradiol, luteinizing hormone, calcium, phosphate, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were determined, There were no significant differences in serum calcium, total protein and albumin in the two groups(Ovx vs Sham) of rats. Ovariectomized rats had significantly lower estradiol than sham operated rats. There was a highly significant correlation between total bone mineral density(TBMD) and overall level of esteradiol(r=0.59, p<0.05). Total bone mineral density did not correlate significantly with ALP or osteocalcin, although a negative trend was evident. However, the rats fed high calcium diet had a lower crosslinks value and osteocalcine than the rats fed normal calcium diet. An increased rate of bone turnover is usually associated with a decrease in bone mass because bone formation at each remodeling site is never as great as resorption. Ovariectomized rats fed high calcium diet had a lower crosslink value and osteocalcin: it means high calcium diet decreased bone turnover rate. The findings from the present study demonstrated that bone loss due to ovarian hormonal deficiency can be partially prevented by a high calcium diet. Futhermore, these findings support the strategy of the use of a high calcium diet in the prevention of estrogen depletion bone loss (postmenopausal osteoporosis).

녹차 및 매실 추출물이 N-Nitrosodimethylamine의 생성에 미치는 영향

최선영,정미자,신정혜,김행자,성낙주 한국식품영양학회 2002 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

녹차 및 매실추출물이 아질산염 소거, 전자 공여능 및 NDMA 생성 억제에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 질산염과 아민이 풍부한 식단(CW)에 인공타액과 위액을 이용한 "simulated digestion" 에서 확인하였다. 녹차와 매실 추출물의 아질산염 소거작용을 pH 1.0, 4.2 및 6.0에서 실험 결과, pH가 낮을수록, 시료 첨가량이 많을수록 효과적이었으며 pH 1.2에서 녹차 추출물 0.5ml 첨가시킬 경우 99.6%의 높은 소거작용을 나타내었고, 매실 추출물 3ml 첨가시 77.2%의 소거작용을 나타내었다. 녹차 및 매실 추출물의 전자공여 작용은 각각 70.6%, 75.1%로 높게 나타났다. 녹차와 매실 추출물의 NDMA 생성억제 효과는 pH 1.2 에서 가장 뛰어났고, 시료량이 증가할수록 억제효과가 높아 3ml 첨가시에 82.1%와 73.2%의 억제효과를 나타내었다. 실험식이에 녹차 및 매실 추출물의 첨가량을 달리하여 인공소화시킬 때 NDMA 생성억제 효과는 시료 첨가량에 비례하여 각각 20ml 첨가시 녹차 추출물은 57.9%, 매실 추출물은 48.4%의 NDMA 생성억제 효과를 나타내었다. The effects of nitrite scavenging, electron donating and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation in vitro and green tea (Camellia sinensis) and Maesil (prunus mume) were studied. The green tea and Maesil extracts were tested for their nitrite-scavenging effect under the different pH conditions such as pH 1.2, 4.2 and 6.0. The effects of nitrite-scavenging in all concentrations were diminished in the alkali condition, whiled its effects in the acidic condition of pH 1.2 were reached of more than 99.0% by adding above 0.5ml of green tea extract. And also, nitrite-scavenging effect by adding 3ml of Maesil extract was about 77.0%. The electron donating ability (EDA) of green tea and Maesil extracts was 70.6%, 75.1%, respectively. The formation of NDMA was very effectiveness which was inhibited 82.1%, 73.2% at reaction mixture of pH 2.5 adding 3ml of above extracts, respectively. The ground CW, TW1 and TW2 (refer to Table 1) diets were incubated with 10ml simulated saliva and 40 ml gastric juice at 37℃ for 2hrs. NDMA formation was inhibited at all levels of green tea and Measil extracts.

제 2급 와동에서 구치부 복합레진의 미세변연누출에 관한 연구

최수진,김미자,권혁춘 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.3

The use of flowable composite resins as liners in class Ⅱ packable composite restoration has been suggested by some manufactures. However, the contributions of this technique are unproven. The purpose of this study was to compare the gingival microleakage in class Ⅱ packable composite restorations with or without the use of flowable composite resins as liners. Slot cavities were prepared on both proximals of 80 extracted human molars and randomly assigned to 8 groups of 20 each. The gingival margins were located at 1mm above CEJ in 80 cavities (group1-4) and 1mm below CEJ in 80 cavities (group5-8). The prepared teeth were mounted in the customized tray with adjacent teeth to simulate clinical conditions and metallic matrix band (Sectional matrix) and wooden wedges were applied. After acid etching and application of Single Bond, each group was restored with the following materials using incremental placement technique: Group 1,5 (Filtek P60), group 2, 3, 4 and group 6, 7, 8 (AeliteFlo, TetricFlow, Revolution/Filtek P60). All specimens were thermocycled 500 times between 5℃ and 55℃ with 1 mimute dwell time, immersed 2% methylene blue dye for 24 hours and then rinsed with tab water. The specimens were embedded in clear resin and sectioned longitudinally through the center of restoration with a low speed diamond saw. Dye penetration at gingival margin was viewed at 20 margnification and analyzed on a scale of 0 to 4. Kruscal-Wallis One way analysis and Mann-Whitney Rank sum test were used to analyze the results. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The leakage values seen at the enamel margin were significantly lower than those seen at the dentin margin(P<0.05). 2. On the enamel margin, packable composite resins with flowable liners showed lower leakage than those without flowable liners, but there were no significant differences among the four groups(P>0.05). 3. On the dentin margin, four groups demonstrated moderate to severe leakage, and there were no significant differences in leakage values(P>0.05).

대구지역 대학생의 식행동 및 식품기호도 분석

최미자 계명대학교 생활과학연구소 2001 科學論集 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the food preference and food behavior of college students of Taegu, Korea. This survey was carried out through questionaries, and the subjects were 110ma1e and 105 female students. The 66.5% of male and 87% of female students were concerned about changing their food habit. The score of nutritional knowledge of males was significantly lower than the score of females. Both male and female students considered that supper was the most important meal of the day and skipped breakfast frequently Results of this study showed that three most important factors in food selection were taste, price, and preference. Beef and pork were preferred by males and beef and chicken were preferred by females as meat and poultry sources. Mackerel and hair tail were most often preferred by both males and females as fish sources. Chinese cabbage and cucumber were most often preferred by both males and females as vegetables. Citrus fruit and apples were preferred as fruit. Frozen potatoes and ham.saugage, carbonated brinks and fruit juice were most often preferred by both males and females as processed food and drink. There was a significant correlation between nutrition knowledge score and dietary behavior score in college students. The levels of energy, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, and vitamin A intake were significantly correlated with dietary behavior score in female students. There was a significant negative correlation between alcohol and dietary behavior score in male students. Key words: food preference, food behavior, college students

저열량식이를 통한 성인 여성의 체중 조절 효과

최미자,정순자 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1999 科學論集 Vol.25 No.-

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of weight reduction with a low-calorie diet in women. The effects of dietary weight reduction program(1,100-1,300kcal/day) were followed for 6 month in twenty-seven women mean aged 28.5 year. Anthropometric measurement were done and average energy expenditure was calculated. The mean body mass index(BMI) was 26.4±3.2 and it was high for the mean BMI of Korean women. Degree of obesity of the study subject were 124.0% of ideal body weight.The dietitian taught the subjects to self-select food to fulfill their prescribed diets. Decreasing total energy intake was emphasized during counseling sessions. A convenient method was to assess nutritional intake at beginning of the study. Daily energy intake was not sufficient as 95% of recommended dietary allowances and the energy percentage of carbohydrate, fat, protein was 66.7: 20.7: 12.6. Mean intake of vitamin B2 and C, Ca, and Fe were lower than RDA. The average weight loss in this study group at 6-month follow up was 4.9㎏ (7.4% of their initial weight). There was a significant positive correlation between the physical activity and delta body weight(=desired body weight-present body weight) (r=0.38, p<0.05). Above data provides valuable information for health providers who work with individual female adults to control body weight.

대구지역 성인남여의 혈압, 혈당, 혈중지질 및 체지방분포에 관한 연구

최미자,김미경 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1993 科學論集 Vol.19 No.-

Studied relating obesity and morbidity have primarily focused on relative body weight and total adipose mass. However, an accumulating number of both epidemiological and clinical studies have now shown an independent association between body fat distribution or anthropometric type and disease. Abdominal obesity, i.e., an increased ratio of abdomen to hip circumfernce, has been shown to be associated with an increased risk for glucose intolerance, coronary artery disease and stroke in both men and women. This study was an attempt to observe various factions, such as dietary intake, lipid profile, obesity level, and body fat distribution in healthy men and women in the Taegu, urban area. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participants(44 men, 41 women): weight, height; the abdominal circumferences was measured at the narrowest part of the torso as seen from the anterior view or at the level of the natural waist line, and the hip circumference at the point of maximum protuberance of the buttocks. The waist-to-hip circumference ratio was used as a measure of abdominal obesity. The results were as follows; 1. Among the subjects 19% were obese and the mean BMI of men was 22.8 and of women was 23.8. 2. Using the waist-to-hip circumference ratio, women belonging to upper body obesity(WHR>0.84) were 49%, and men belonging to upper body obesity (WHR>0.90) were 36%. 3. The average of daily energy and nutrient intake did not distinguish between men and women. The average intake of nutrients and energy were above the RDA in men and women. Percentage of energy is that carbohydrate: protein: fat=68:13:19. 4. The mean total cholesterol concentration was 202㎎% and 200㎎% in men and women respectively. The mean triglyceride level was 74㎎/㎗ and 68㎎/㎗ in men and women respectively. 5. When subjects were divided into obese and nonobese groups according to the RBW or BMI, energy intake was not significantly different between the two groups, but the obese group had higher female ride concentration and blood pressure. 6. When subjects were divided into upper or lower body obesity groups by WHR, the group of female of upper body obesity subjects showed higher cholesterol levels and blood pressure than the lower body obesity subjects. On the other hand there was no difference between the two groups in men. 7. The blood glucose level correlated significantly with cholesterol and triglyceride levels. WHR correlated significantly with blood pressure and BMI. In conclusion, these findings suggest that upper body obese subjects will manifast an altered lipid metabolism.

대구지역 대학생의 영양섭취상태, 체형만족도, 체력상태 및 그 관련성

최미자,류숙희,김기진 동아시아식생활학회 1999 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.9 No.3

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relations among nutrient intake, self body image and satisfaction, and physical fitness of college students in Taegu. A total of 213 apparently healthy college students living in Taegu were selected for the study. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participants: weight, height: waist and hip circumferences, and bioimpedence. Using weight and height, the body mass index(kg/㎡) was calculated. The 24-hour recall were obtained from subjects. Dietary habits and energy expenditure were examined through questionnaires. Nutrients intake were analyzed by computer aided nutritional analysis program. Variables of physical fitness were consisted of body fat, muscular strength and endurance, agility, power, flexibility, cardiorespiratory function, physical efficiency index(PEI). Data were analyzed by computer using the SAS 6.12(Statistical Analysis System). The mean heights and weights of these students were similar to those reported for the 50th percentile in a national survey. Nutrient intake of the college students in Taegu was considerably lower than RDA. The male subjects' mean intake of two nutrients, vitamin B₂ and calcium, were less than 55% of the RDAs, the female subjects' mean intake of two nutrients, iron and calcium, were less than 55% of the RDAs. A most variables of physical fitness except sit and reach in male students showed a significant higher values than those of female students. There was a significant positive relationship between PEI and the intake of animal protein, fat, Ca, and B₂ in male students. Also there was a significant positive relationship between exercise duration of PWC 170 and protein, fat, iron, vitamin A, B₂, niacin, and energy intake in female students. The muscular strength showed the significant correlation with weight, height, and waist circumference in male and female students. The cardiorespiratory function and physical efficiency index showed significantly negative correlation with tricep and subscapular skin thickness in the female students. There were significantly positive correlations between WHR and body efficiency index in male students, and significantly positive correlations between WHR and the cardiorespiratory function in female students. There was no significant level of correlation between the degree of satisfaction of body image and physical efficiency index. However, there was a significant positive correlation between waist circumference (and weight) and physical efficiency index in male and female students and almost all of the surveyed male and female college students wanted less waist circumference or weight even though they were in the criteria of standard waist circumference or weight. In conclusion, a beneficial effect of adequate nutrient intake on physical fitness was found, college students must increase their energy and nutrient intake if it is below than the RDA for improving their physical fitness.

식이와 당뇨병

최미자 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1991 科學論集 Vol.17 No.-

인슐린의 절대적 또는 기능적 부족으로 인한 당류, 지질 및 단백질 대사의 이상을 초래하는 만성 전신성 질환의 하나인 당뇨병은 그 정확한 원인에 대해서는 아직 확실히 알려져 있지 않으나 그 유발요인으로서 유전적 요인과 환경적 요인으로 보고 있다. 유병율이 증가 추세에 있는 당뇨병과 그의 합병증은 사망원인의 주요 인자로서 인정되어지고 있으며 특히 당뇨병 환자의 순환기계 질환의 합병증은 심각한 문제로 인식되어지고 있다. 당뇨병을 치료하는 방법에는 운동요법, 경구제요법 및 insulin 요법 등이 있으나 가장 중요한 것은 식이요법으로서 식이의 중요성은 옛날부터 잘 알려져 왔다. 그러나 식이의 구성비나 량에 대하여 그 제안이 시대에 따라서 변천해 왔으며 지금 현재도 많은 연구가 있지만은 정확하게 규명하고 있지 못한 상태에 있다. 지금 현재 당뇨병 식이의 구성비는 탄수화물:지방:단백질=55:30:15의 비율로 추천하고 있으며 구체적으로 탄수화물은 복합당질을 지방은 포화지방산과 불포화 지방산의 비율을 각각 1:1로 할 것과 아울러 적당량의 섬유질을 포함할 것을 권장하고 있으나 단백질에 대해서는 아직 구체적인 제시를 하지 않고 있다. 여러 선행된 연구에서 비록 정상인을 상대로 연구가 되었지만 단백질의 종류에 따라서도 혈중의 지질과 당질 및 단백질 대사에 영향을 미치므로 단백질의 종류 및 양에 대한 연구도 필요하다고 보여진다. 또한 혈당지수(Glycemic Index, GI)의 차원에서 보면 식이의 화학적 조성 보다도 생리학적 역할을 고려해 볼 때 더 많은 당뇨병 식이의 연구가 필요되어진다고 본다. 또한 당뇨병의 원인이 여러 복합적인 이유인 만큼 당뇨병의 식이도 개개인에 따라서 처방되어져야 할 것이다.

대학생의 체중인지와 영양소 섭취

최미자 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2002 科學論集 Vol.28 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perception of desirable body shape and the concerns of body weight in 200 college students(106 males, 99 females: average age-21yr). Daily food intake was estimated by 24-hr recall and analyzed by computer-aided nutrient analysis(CAN) for nutrient intake. Body weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. The percentage of students actively practicing concerned weight control was 81.1% for male and 95.1% for female. Of those male students actively practicing weight control, the majority of student chose reducing meal size as the preferred method. Among females chose exercise and dietary restriction as the preferred method. However, few students chose fasting as method of weight control. there was a sex difference in self-evaluation of their body weight. Male students underestimate their body weight but female students overestimate their body weight compared with their calculated actual body weight(RBW or real body weight). Only 40% of male students and 21% of female students recognized that their energy intake is below RDA. However, data from a 24-hr dietary recall revealed that the actual percentage of students consuming less energy than the recommended RDA was 59% for male students and 69.8% for female students. The percentage of fasting from one meal per day or eating irregularly was 39% male students, and 51% of female students. Finally, students assessed as being over weight and obese were 27% for male students and 57.7% of female students actually recognized they were obese themselves. In conclusion, among college students, there is a great need to provide nutrition education concerning appropriate body weight and dietary intake for healthy lifestyles.

유당의 첨가가 성장기 암컷 흰쥐에서 골함량과 골밀도에 미치는 영향

최미자,조현주 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2002 科學論集 Vol.- No.-

The effects of dietary lactose supplementation on bone mineral density and bone mineral content in growing rats are uncharacterized. We studied growing female rats fed a diet either control of supplemented with lactose for 9 weeks. The animal was scanned to determine the BMD and BMC using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (FIXImus, GE Lunar Corporation, Madison, WI). Food intake and FER were not affected by loctose supplementation. But the lactose group had significantly higher spine bone mineral density(0.1517±0.0034(g/㎠) vs 0.1626±0.0095(g/㎠)) and spine bone mineral density/weight than the control group. And femur bone mineral density/weight as well as femur bone mineral content/weight were higher in the lactose supplemented group. These data suggest that lactose supplementation may be a useful way in growing children in which there is a desire to increase bone mineral density.