Dissemination of Advanced Mouse Resources and Technologies at RIKEN BioResource Center

Yoshiki, Atsushi Korean Society for Bioinformatics 2010 Interdisciplinary Bio Central (IBC) Vol.2 No.4

RIKEN BioResource Center (BRC) has collected, preserved, conducted quality control of, and distributed mouse resources since 2002 as the core facility of the National BioResource Project by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. Our mouse resources include over 5,000 strains such as humanized disease models, fluorescent reporters, and knockout mice. We have developed novel mouse strains such as tissue-specific Cre-drivers and optogenetic strains that are in high demand by the research community. We have removed all our specified pathogens from the deposited mice and used our quality control tests to examine their genetic modifications and backgrounds. RIKEN BRC is a founding member of the Federation of International Mouse Resources and the Asian Mouse Mutagenesis and Resource Association, and provides mouse resources to the one-stop International Mouse Strain Resource database. RIKEN BRC also participates in the International Gene Trap Consortium, having registered 713 gene-trap clones and their sequences in a public library, and is an advisory member of the CREATE (Coordination of resources for conditional expression of mutated mouse alleles) consortium which represents major European and international mouse database holders for the integration and dissemination of Cre-driver strains. RIKEN BRC provides training courses in the use of advanced technologies for the quality control and cryopreservation of mouse strains to promote the effective use of mouse resources worldwide.

Usability Study on the Use of Eye Mouse Based on All the Functions of Conventional Mouse

( Daehwan Jin ),( Minjee Kim ),( Ilsun Rhiu ),( Myunghwan Yun ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2017 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.18 No.2

Eye mouse is an input device which uses a person`s gaze and eye movements as input to operate a mouse cursor by using the eye tracking technology. Eye mouse is an input device which can reflect cognitive intentions of a user immediately from a user`s eye(s). In this study, the functions of eye mouse, such as click, double-click, drag and scroll, was investigated and evaluated by supposing real computer interaction situation. In this study, usability of the different operation methods of eye mouse which correspond to the functions of conventional mouse was investigated and evaluated. The experimental result showed that there was performance difference between the different operation methods of eye mouse. The questionnaire result also showed that there was satisfaction difference between the different operation methods of eye mouse. The result of this study made us know what is the pros and cons about usability on the use of eye mouse. The result of this study can help to comprehend interfaces for eye mouse, and can contribute to the establishment of guidelines for development in interface design and operation methods for eye mouse.

발 마우스의 사용성 평가 연구

홍승권 忠州大學校 2008 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.43 No.-

Typically, the usability of hand mouse have been evaluated by Fitts' Law. In this study, the usability of foot mouse was evaluated by Fitts' Law. The previous studies on the foot movements have been focused on pressing foot pedals such as car pedal. Pressing foot pedals is the visually controlled movements differently from the foot mouse. The result of this experiment was that foot mouse operation could be explained by the Fitts' Law as hand mouse operation. However, the index of performance (IP) of foot mouse operation was 2.46. bits/s, the half value of IP of the hand mouse operation. It may be difficult to replace the hand mouse by foot mouse, because of low efficiency. Foot mouse can be used as subsidiary tool of hand mouse. If vertical cursor movements by foot mouse superior to that by hand mouse, the usability of foot mouse would be increased. On the other hand, when th index of difficulties were below 3, ballistic movements of foot mouse were not validated. The following studies is required.

Visual Feedback and Human Performance in the Foot Mouse Control

Seung-Kweon Hong,Seon-Soo Kim 대한인간공학회 2012 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.31 No.6

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate visual feedback effects and human performance in the foot mouse control. Background: Generally, computer mouse tasks are controlled by visual feedback. In order to understand the characteristics of a foot mouse control, it is important to investigate the patterns of visual feedback involved in foot-mouse control tasks. Human performance of foot mouse control is also an important factor to understand the foot mouse control. Method: Three types of mouse control were determined to investigate visual feedback effects and human performance in the foot mouse control. Visual feedback effects in the foot mouse control were compared with those of a typical hand mouse. The cursor movement speed and mental workload were measured in the three types of tasks and two types of mouses. Results: Mouse control tasks with an element of homing-in to the target were more quickly performed by the hand mouse than the foot mouse. Mental workload was also higher in the foot mouse than the hand mouse. However, in the steering movement, human performance of the foot mouse control was not lower than that of the hand mouse control. Visual feedback in the foot mouse control was less required than in the hand mouse control. Conclusion: The foot mouse was not efficient in the most mouse control tasks, compared to the hand mouse. However, the foot mouse was efficient in the steering movement, moving a cursor within a path with lateral constraints. Application: The results of this study might help to develop the foot mouse.

A Detachable Gesture Mouse for the People with Physical Disabilities

Minsun Jang,Hunho Choi,Seongil Lee 대한인간공학회 2011 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

Objective: This paper aim at the development and evaluation of the wireless gesture-mouse system. The wireless gesture-mouse system is a computer interface for the people with upper-extremity disabled to use the computer interface more conveniently. To improve accessibility and reduce the information gap, we develop a detachable gesture-mouse. Background: Most of information and communication assistance machinery and tools for the people with physical disabilities are developed without considering the physical characteristics. To improve the computer operation of people with physical disabilities, more flexible pointing devices are required. Method: (1) User study conducted in four subjects and problems of the standard mouse and user requirements were derived. After user study, we conducted (2) conceptual design. (3) Developing gesture-mouse product for (4) usability test. All subjects were required to perform four specific mouse operation tasks using both standard mouse and gesture-mouse. Refer user requirements to modify the gesture-mouse. Results: Subjects operated a mouse with their dominant hand. Gesture-mouse demonstrated better efficiency in the tracking and double click tasks than standard mouse. Standard mouse had a similar level of efficiency in the left and right click tasks as that of gesture-mouse. Conclusion: We performed evaluation experiment for patients with upper-extremities disabled. The results show that the accessibility and efficiency increased with developed gesture-mouse. Application: The detachable gesture-mouse can help some people with physical disabilities, who cannot utilize a commercial mouse alone, to achieve acceptable operational efficiency.

천식유발 마우스에서의 폐 내 세포조성 변화와 IL-4 및 IL-10의 발현 양상

이수진,박세종,리천주,장양호,최농훈,Lee, Soo-Jin,Park, Se-Jong,Li, Tian-Zhu,Jang, Yang-Ho,Choe, Nong-Hoon 한국생명과학회 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.5

본 연구진은 일차로 BALB/C 마우스를 이용하여 항원으로 ovalbumin을 사용하여 천식을 유발하여 폐 내 세포구성에 미치는 영향을 다른 실험방법에 의해 만들어진 천식모델과 비교하여 살펴보았고 이차로 천식 발생에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려진 IL-4와 IL-10 knock out (KO) 마우스를 이용하여 천식모델을 구축하여 천식인자를 가진 개체에서의 반응과 천식관련인자가 결핍된 개체에서의 반응성의 차이를 살펴보았다. 천식의 유발은 실험 1일째 $20\;{\mu}g$ ovalbumin으로 감작시킨 후 실험 14일에 재감작을 시켰다. 그 후 nebulizer를 이용하여 nasal inhalation을 28일, 29일, 30일에 실시하여 천식을 유발시켰다. 천식 유발의 확인은 기관지폐포 세척술로 채취한 폐 내 세포액을 이용하여 총 세포수 및 염증세포의 증가와 폐 내 세포와 폐조직의 염색을 통해 분포율을 확인하였다. 천식의 발병 과정에서 IgE 관련 과민반응을 주도하는 IL-4와 Th2 세포의 기능을 억제한다고 알려진 IL-10의 면역화학염색을 통해 그 발현정도를 관찰하였다. BALB/c 마우스의 천식유발군의 경우 천식의 특징인 염증세포의 증가와 호산구의 증가와 세기관지 주위 염증세포의 침윤 및 기도 상피의 비후를 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 실험에 응용된 천식유발 방법은 적합하였으며 천식유발 절차가 성공적으로 수행되었음을 확인하였다. IL-4 및 IL-10 KO 마우스를 이용한 천식유발군의 경우 BALB/c 마우스를 이용한 천식유발군보다 호산구의 증가 정도가 미약하게 관찰되었고, 폐조직 내 염증세포의 침윤 정도도 감소하였다. 천식매개인자인 IL-4와 IL-10의 면역조직화학염색 결과에서도 양성반응이 거의 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구 결과, IL-10이 IL-4와 같이 천식과 관련하여 세기관지 염증 반응을 증가시키는 역할을 하는 것으로 생각된다. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, which characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, reversible airflow limitation and respiratory symptoms. Internationally, the prevalence of asthma has been increased over last 3 decades. Recently, several studies of asthma have been reported with gradually increasing importance. To tesify the hypothesis that interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 may be an important determinant of the severity of airway inflammation, their expression was studied in mouse model of asthma. BALB/c mouse, IL-4 Knockout (KO) mouse and IL-10 KO mouse were sensitized with intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin adsorbed to aluminum potassium sulfate, followed by challenges with intranasal ovalbumin on 3 consecutive days. The severity of pulmonary inflammation was assessed by eosinophilia in BAL fluid, number of total BAL cells, histopathological changes in lung tissues, and immunohistochemical staining against IL-4 and IL-10. In BAL fluid, the number of total cells was significantly increased in asthma induced mouse compare to the control. In asthma induced mouse, eosinophil was increased to 56% and neutrophil was 0.2%. In H &E stains, eosinophilic infiltration and epithelium hyperplasia were clearly noticed in asthma induced mouse. In immunohistochemical staining for IL-4 and IL-10, there was no positive reaction in control group. However, very strong reactions were appeared in asthma induced group. In this research, IL-4 and IL-10, which seem to play a central role in allergic asthma, KO mouse was utilized to test the causative relationship between airway inflammation and role of specific cytokine. Asthma induced IL-4 and IL-10 KO mice showed much decreased inflammatory reactions in the number of total BAL cells, in eosinophilic infiltration, and in immunohistochemical stains against diverse inflammatory proteins. These results suggest that IL-4 and IL-10 increase the asthmatic reactions in vivo mice model.

Usability Evaluation of the Eye Mouse

Daehwan Jin,Jung hee Lee,Minjee Kim,Ilsun Rhiu,Junsoo Han,Myung Hwan Yun 대한인간공학회 2016 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the usability of the eye mouse. Background: The eye mouse refers to a kind of an input device which uses person"s gaze and eye movements as input to operate a mouse cursor by using the technology. Studies on the eye mouse are less than that of other input devices. The studies on the usability of the eye mouse have been usually focused on about click. So, it is needed to study the usability of the eye mouse, including double-click, drag, and scroll. Method: Not only click, but also double-click, drag, and scroll are the functions of the mouse. At the experiment, we evaluated usability of the eye mouse (efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction), supposing a context where sequential different mouse operations were needed. Results: The experimental results showed that there were performance (efficiency and effectiveness) differences between different operation methods of the eye mouse which correspond to the functions of the mouse. Basic interface of the eye mouse was nature and fast. But the accuracy on the use of the eye mouse was the most factor which decreases the usability of the eye mouse. Conclusion: Although basic interface of the eye mouse was nature and fast, all things like efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction considered, the usability on the use of the eye mouse was not good. Application: The results of this study help to comprehend the pros and cons of the use of the eye mouse, and can contribute to the establishment of guidelines for development in interface design and operation method for eye mouse.

Clomiphene Citrate가 Mouse 卵子의 성숙 및 초기 胚芽의 發生에 미치는 영향

崔勳 인제대학교 1988 仁濟醫學 Vol.9 No.1

본 실험은 clomiphene cirate(이하 CC이라 함)가 ICR계 mouse의 미성숙 난자의 성숙, 배란 및 초기 배아의 발생에 미치는 영향을 밝히기 위하여 시행하였다. CC가 난자의 성숙에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 획득한 미성숙 난자를 CC가 함유되지 않은 배양액과 CC의 농도가 10,50, 그리고 100㎍/m1인 배양액에 각각 20시간 동안 5% 탄산가스와 95% 공기가 공급되는 37℃배양기에서 배양하였다. 각 실험에 소요된 난자의 수는 100∼150개이었다. CC가 배란 및 포기 배아의 발생에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 pregnat mare's serum gonadotropin(이하 PMSG이라 함)과 human chorionic gonadotropin(이하 hCG이라 함)의 병용요법(제1일째 ; PMSG주사, 5 IU, 제3일째 ; hCG주사, 5 IU)으로 과배란을 유도한 mouse를 4군(제1군; PMSG/ hCG, 제2군 ; PMSG+CC / hCG, 제3군 ; PMSG / hCC+CC, 제4군 ; PMSG+CC / hCG+CC)으로 나누었다. CC의 투여는50㎍/g을 피하주사하였다. 각 군에서 교미 유무를 기록하였으며 hCG 주사 후 27시간 또는 48시간이 경과된 후 수정란 및 2세포기 배아를 재취하였다. 각군의 실험에 5마리의 mouse를 이용하였으며 이를 3회 이상 반복하였다. 또한 CC가 포기 배아의 발생에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 PMSG와 hCG로 과배란을 유도한 mouse로부터 획득한 수정란을 CC가 함유되지 않은 배양액과 CC의 농도가 10,50, 그리고 100㎍/ml인 배양액에 각간 72시간 동안 5% 탄산가스와 95% 공기가 공급되는 37℃ 배양기에서 배양하였으면 각 실험에 소요된 수정란의 수는 100∼150개 이었다. 배양액으로는 standard egg culture medium을 이용하였다. 실험이 끝난 난자와 초기 배아를 0.5% aceto-orcein으로 염색하여 핵형 및 분할 정도를 관찰하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1.미성숙난자의 성숙은 배양액 내 CC의 농도가 높을수록 저하되었으며(p<0.01), 또한 난자의 퇴화는 배양액 내 CC의 농도가 높을수록 증가하였다(p<0.01). 2.PMSG로 유도된 주기 동안 CC로 처리한 mouse에서의 교미율은 CC로 처리하지 않은 군에비해 의의있게 저하하였다(p<0.05). 3.PMSG로 유도된 초기 여포기에 CC로 처리한 군에서의 배란율 및 초기 배아 발생율은 의의있게 낮았으나(P<0.01), 유도된 배란 전기에 hCG와 CC로 동시에 처리한 군에서는 배란율 및 초기 배아 발생율은 CC로 처리하지 않은 군에 비해 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4.PMSG로 유도된 초기 여포기 혹은 배란 전기에 CC로 처리한 군에서의 1세포기 배아 및 2세포기 배아의 퇴화율은 각각 유의하게 높았다(각각 p<0.05, p<0.01). 5.수정란의 배양시 2세포기 배아 발생율은 CC가 함유되지 않은 배양액에 배양한 군에 비해 CC의 농도가 10㎍/ml인 배양액에 배양한 군에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나 CC의 농도가 50, 100㎍/ml인 배양액에 배양한 관에서는 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.01). 초기 배아의 퇴화율은 배양액 내 CC의 농도가 높을수록 유의하게 높았다(P<0.01). 이상의 결과로 보아 mouse 난자 및 초기 배아가 CC에 노출된 경우 CC가 난자의 성숙, 배란 및 배아의 발생에 해로운 영향을 미치는 것을 관찰하였다. 이러한 CC의 영향은 에스트로겐에 대한 길항 작용에 의한 것으로 추측된다. This study used ICR strain mouse to examine the effect of clomiphene citrate (CC) on the maturation of immature occytes, the ovulatinn and early embryo development in vivo and in vitro. To examine the effect of CC on oncyte maturation in vitro, the immature mouse oocytes retrieved were incubated under 5% of CO2 at 37℃ condition for 20 hours in control or CC-supplemented culture medium containing 10, 50 and 100㎍/ml of CC. For each concentration tested, 100 to 150 immature oocytes were examined. Te examine the effect of CC on the ovulation and early embryo development in vivo, the mice induced superovulation with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) / human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) regimen (day 1 being the day of PMSG. 5 IU injected and day 3. the day of ovulation by hCG 5 IU) were divided into 4 groups (Group 1 : PMSG/hCG, Group 2, PMSG +CC/hCG, Group 3; PMSG/hCG +CC, Group 4; PMSG + CC / hCG +CC). CC was injected in the dose of 50㎍/g subcutaneously. The rates of successful copulation were recorded, and the fertilized eggs and two cell embryos were retrieved 27 hours or 48 hours, respectively, after hCG infection. Five mice were tested for each group, which was repealed more than three times. To examine the effect CC on the early embryo development in vitro, the fertilized eggs retrieved from mice induced superovulation with PMSG / hCG regimen were incubated under 5% CO2 at 37℃ condition for 72 hours in control or CC-spplemented fulture medium containing 10, 50, and 100㎍/ml of CC. For each concentration tested, 100 to 150 fertilized eggs were examined. Standard egg culture medium was used as culture medium. After examination. the oocytes and early embryos were stained with 0.5% aceto-orcein to evaluate chromosome phase and cleavage. The results were as follows ; 1.The maturation of immature oocytes declined and the degeneration of oocytes inclined in a dose-dependent fashion when CC was added to the culture media (p<001). 2.The mice treated with CC during PMSG-induced cycle demonstrated a decrease in the rates of successful coupulation as compared to those without CC(p<0.05). 3.When CC was administered in the early follicular phase of PMSG-induced cycle, a decrease was seen in the rate of ovulation and early embryo development (p<0.01). However, no effect was seen when the drug was administered with concomitant hCG injection in the preovulatory phase of induced cycle. 4.When CC was administered in the early follicular phase and / or in the preovulatory phase of induced cycle, an increase was seen in the degeneration rates of one cell emvryo(p<0.05) as well as two cell embryo (p<0.01). 5.The two embryo formation of fertilized eggs declined in a dose dependent fashion when CC was added to the culture media in concentrations ≥50㎍/ml (p<0.01). The degeneration of early embryo inclined in a dose-dependent fashion when the drug was added to the culture media (p<0.01). The results suggest that oocyte maturation, ovulation, and embryo growth rates are affected by exposure of the mouse oocyte-early embryo to CC. These adverse effects of CC may be due to its antiestrogenic properties.

A Pilot Study on the Control Performance of Foot-Controlled Mouse Devices for the Nondisabled People

Seung Kweon Hong 대한인간공학회 2016 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

Objective: In this study, two types of foot-controlled mouse devices are compared with a hand mouse in the input tasks requiring repetitively switching between a keyboard and a mouse. Background: Foot-controlled mouse devices have been developed for persons with impairments in the mobility of their hands. However, some researchers insisted that the foot-controlled mouse devices could be effectively used by the persons with no limits to their hand mobility. There are needs to investigate the efficiency of the foot-controlled mouse devices, when they are used by the nondisabled people. Method: Participants conducted the input tasks, requiring repetitive switches between a keyboard and a computer mouse. The used computer mouse devices were two types of foot-controlled mouse and a typical hand mouse. Participants performed three types of input task for five days and three types of task performance were measured; the number of completed input tasks within a given practice time, subjective satisfaction level and the time wasted for the mouse control. Results: For five days, the performance of input tasks sharply increased in input tasks by foot-controlled mouse devices rather than a hand mouse. After five days, the level of satisfaction on the foot-controlled mouse devices approached to about 76% of a hand mouse satisfaction level. The control time of the foot-controlled mouse devices also approached to about 109% of a hand mouse control time. Conclusion: After only five-day practice, the input task performance by foot-controlled mouse devices approached to that of a hand mouse. This result may suggest that the foot-controlled mouse devices can be effectively used as an alternative input device for the nondisabled people, if input tasks are easy and enough practice time is provided. Application: The results of this study might help to design foot-controlled mouse devices and to expend the usage of them.

Benzo[a]pyrene으로 유발한 Mouse Forestomach Tumor 생성에 대한 Astaxanthin 함유 난황의 효과

이상호,박철우,박원석,이영춘,최의성,하영래,Lee, Sang-H.,Park, Cherl-W.,Park, Won-S.,Lee, Young-C.,Choi, Eui-S.,Ha, Yeong-L. 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.44 No.4

Benzo[a]pyrene (BP)으로 유발한 mouse의 전위암 형성에 대한 astaxanthin 함유 난황 (astaxanthin-containing egg yolk : AEY)의 영향을 연구하였다. Female ICR mouse (6-7 주령, 5 mice/cage, 20 mice/treatment)에게 물과 사료를 자유로이 공급하면서 일주일간 적응시킨 후 다음과 같이 처리를 하였다. BP (2 mg/0.2 ml corn oil)를 각 mouse에 경구투여하기 4 일과 2 일 전에 50 mg AEY, 100 mg AEY, 150 mg AEY, 또는 150 mg control egg yolk (CEY)을 함유하는 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) 0.2 ml를 경구투여하였다. Control mouse는 0.2 ml PBS와 BP 만 경구투여하였다. 이 과정을 4회 반복하였다. BP를 경구투여 한 일주일 후부터 몸무게와 사료섭취량을 매주 기록하였으며 24주 후에 생존한 모든 mouse에 대해 전위암 생성을 조사하였다. AEY를 처리한 mouse에서는 control mouse나 CEY 처리 mouse에 비해 mouse 당 암의 수가 1/3 정도로 감소되었다. 이와 같은 AEY의 항암효과는 AEY의 처리량에 비례하였다. AEY 처리에 따른 암발생율은 control이나 CEY 처리에 비해 감소되었으나 150 mg AEY 처리에서만 유의성이 있는 감소를 보였다. AEY 처리에 따른 몸무게나 사료 소비량의 감소현상은 볼 수 없었다. 따라서 이 결과는 AEY가 BP로 유발한 mouse의 전위암 발생을 억제함을 암시한다. Anticarcinogenic activity of astaxanthin-containing egg yolks (designate AEY) was investigated for benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-induced mouse forestomach tumorigenesis initiating regimen. Female ICR mouse (6-7 weeks of age) were housed in polycarbonated cages (5 mice/cage; 20 mice/treatment) in a humidity-and-temperature-controlled facility and permitted free access to water and food. One week later, four and 2 days prior to p.o. treatment with BP (2 mg/0.2 ml corn oil), mice were given 0.2 ml PBS containing 50 mg AEY, 100 mg AEY, 150 mg AEY, or 150 mg CEY. Control mice were only given 0.2 ml PBS. Three days later this sequence was repeated for a total of 4 times. Beginning with the first intubation and continuing thereafter, body weight and food intake were recorded once weekly. All surviving mice were sacrificed 24 weeks after the first dose of BP. Mice treated with AEY developed only about one third as many neoplasms/animal as mice in control or CEY-treated group (p<0.05). Reduction effect of tumor development by AEY was dependent upon doses applied. Tumor incidence was also reduced by AEY treatments, but significantly reduced only by 150 mg AEY treatment when compared to that by control or CEY. Food intake and body weight were not affected by AEY treatment. These results indicate that AEY inhibits tumorigenesis of mouse forestomach induced by BP.