Effect of Acupuncture on Depression and Cell Proliferation in Hippocampal Gyrus Dentatus of Maternal-separated Rat Pups

박정식,임형호 한방재활의학과학회 2019 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Objectives The loss of maternal care during early postnatal period may increase development of mood-related disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. In this study, the effect of acupuncture on depression in relation with cell proliferation in the hippocampal gyrus dentatus was investigated using maternal-separated rat pups. Methods On the postnatal 14th day, rat pups from six dams were grouped into following groups: maternal care group, maternal separation group, maternal separation and non-acupoint-acupunctured group, maternal separation and Zusanli-acupunctured group, and maternal separation and fluoxetine-treated group. Acupuncture was performed from postnatal 28th day to postnatal 37th day. The rat pups that belong in the maternal separation and fluoxetine-treated group were injected subcutaneously with 5 mg/kg fluoxetine hydrochloride once a day for the same period of time. To evaluate activity of the rat pups, open field test was performed. Immunohistochemistry for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe and for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in the hippocampal gyrus dentatus was conducted. Results The present results reveal that the activity was decreased by maternal separation. In contrast, acupuncture at Zusanli overcame maternal separation-induced hypoactivity. Maternal separation suppressed TPH expression and 5-HT synthesis in the dorsal raphe and decreased cell proliferation in the hippocampal gyrus dentatus of rat pups. In contrast, acupuncture at Zusanli alleviated maternal separation-induced decrease of 5-HT synthesisand TPH expression. Conclusions The present results demonstrate that acupuncture at Zusanli ameliorated depressive state through increasing cell proliferation and enhancing 5-HT synthesis. (J Korean Med Rehabil 2019;29(2):91-99)

모-태아상호작용 신념과 모-태아상호작용

권미경 한국아동간호학회 2008 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.14 No.4

Purposes: The purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe levels of Maternal-Fetal Interaction Belief and Maternal-Fetal Interaction, and to define their correlation. Method: Data were collected from 273 pregnant women who visited one public health center and OB/GY clinic in Gangneung city. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire that included the Maternal-Fetal Interaction Belief scale(MFIBS) and maternal-fetal interaction. Results: The mean scores for maternal-fetal interaction belief and maternal-fetal interaction were 107.41±15.67 and 31.75±5.92 respectively. For maternal-fetal interaction belief, there were significant differences according to education, religion, income, feeding plan, marriage satisfaction, family support, and husband's love. For maternal-fetal interaction, there were significant differences according to mother's age, period of pregnancy, marriage satisfaction, family support, husband's love. There was a correlation between maternal-fetal interaction belief and maternal-fetal interaction. Conclusion: Maternal-fetal interaction belief is related to increase in maternal-fetal interaction and fetal development. It is essential to develop a maternal-fetal interaction program that includes maternal-fetal interaction belief.

크리스테바와 『댈러웨이 부인』: 모성의 억압과 회복

김진옥 ( Jin Ok Kim ) 근대 영미소설 학회 2005 근대 영미소설 Vol.12 No.2

This paper examines how the notion of maternity in Woolf`s Mrs. Dalloway is repressed and restored, by borrowing Julia Kristeva`s theory on maternity. Kristeva argues that "it is not a woman as such who is repressed in a patriarchal society, but motherhood." She also insists that depression and melancholia come from "the impossible mourning" for the loss and repression of maternal objects. Depression, she implies, can be overcome by restoring semiotic chora, which characterizes a maternal body. The restorative power of maternal love is evident when Kristeva argues that a psychoanalyst should provide a patient with maternal love, as the Virgin Mother offers unconditional love to her child. In this novel, Clarissa`s mother is an absent figure and is only once mentioned. Clarissa cries when she sees Mrs. Hilbery, a maternal figure: Her cry represents the conflict between her maternal desire and its oppression. However, Clarissa restores her maternal body by recalling the jouissance that she had shared with Sally Seaton, and finally recovers from her depression due to maternal loss. Clarissa, as a party hostess, becomes a maternal subject, strengthening family connections and offering joy and peace to party guests. From Kristeva`s perspective, her maternal activity is similar to the Virgin Mother`s love. Clarissa has "no more fear" when she restores her maternal body in her union with Sally.

조기진통 임부의 조기진통스트레스, 태아애착과 모성역할자신감의 관계

손희진,박정숙 한국모자보건학회 2014 한국모자보건학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Objective: The Relationship between preterm labor stress, fetal attachment and maternal roleconfidence in pregnant women with preterm labor, which was carried out in a descriptive form. Methods: The study objects were 121 pregnant women hospitalized for preterm labor at oneuniversity hospital and four women's hospitals in U metropolitan City. The data were based onthe self-report questionnaires made between October 1st, 2012 and January 31, 2013. Results: The degree of preterm labor stress and maternal-fetal attachment of pregnant womenwith preterm labor were found to be higher than the middle, and the degree of maternal role confidencewas found to be lower than the middle. There was a positive relation between pretermlabor stress and maternal-fetal attachment(r=.197, p=.030). There was a positive relation betweenpreterm labor stress and interaction with the fetus(r=-.185, p=.042). and role taking among thesubscales of maternal-fetal attachment (r=.346, p=.001). There was a positive correlation, therewas a positive relation between attribution characteristics and intention to the fetus among thesubscales of maternal-fetal attachment and maternal role confidence (r=.254, p=.005). Conclusion: It is necessary to develop a nursing intervention program for reducing preterm laborstress and increasing maternal-fetal attachment in order to increase the maternal role confidenceof preterm labor pregnant women, as well as a program that considers the characteristics that affectthe degree of preterm labor stress, maternal-fetal attachment and maternal role confidence.

Factors influencing maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

Hyeryeong Yoon,Hyunkyung Choi 한국여성건강간호학회 2023 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely throughout the world, causing psychological problems such as fear, anxiety, and stress. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women have been concerned about both their own health and the health of their fetuses, and these concerns could negatively affect maternal-fetal attachment. Thus, this study aimed to explore the level of COVID-19 stress, resilience, and maternal-fetal attachment among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify factors influencing maternal-fetal attachment. Methods: In total, 118 pregnant women past 20 weeks gestation were recruited from two maternity clinics in Daegu, Korea, to participate in this descriptive correlational study during COVID-19. The factors influencing maternal-fetal attachment were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean scores for COVID-19 stress, resilience, and maternal-fetal attachment were 57.18±10.32 out of 84, 67.32±15.09 out of 100, and 77.23±9.00 out of 96, respectively. Nulliparous pregnant women reported greater maternal-fetal attachment than multiparous pregnant women (p=.003). Religious pregnant women also reported greater maternal-fetal attachment than non-religious pregnant women (p=.039). Resilience (β=.29, p=.002), COVID-19 stress (β=.20, p=.030) and parity (β=-.17, p=.047) were factors influencing maternal-fetal attachment, and these factors explained 26.4% of the variance in maternal-fetal attachment (F=10.12, p<.001). Conclusion: Converse to common sense, COVID-19 stress exerted a positive influence on maternal-fetal attachment in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare providers need to recognize the positive influence of COVID-19 stress and implement intervention strategies to strengthen resilience in pregnant women to improve maternal-fetal attachment.

북한의 ‘아동권리협약 국가이행보고서’에 나타난 모자보건사업과 국내외 모자보건사업 분석

김영은 ( Youngeun Kim ),조주선 ( Jusun Cho ) 이화간호과학연구소 2023 Health & Nursing Vol.35 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes and current status of maternal-child health services of North Korea shown in the periodic reports of North Korea, and provided data for development of North Korea’s maternal-child health services. Methods: This study analyzed the contents of the periodic reports(first to fifth) of North Korea. 153 paragraphs were used for the analysis through keyword extraction as ‘women’, ‘pregnant’, ‘childbirth’, ‘medical’, ‘hospital’, ‘public health’, ‘health’, and ‘nutrition’. The characteristics of 153 paragraphs were identified and compared with domestic and international maternal-child health services. Results: The number and proportion of health and maternal-child health related paragraph by each report gradually increased, and as the definition of maternal-child health appeared from the 5th report, a mid-to long-term maternal-child health strategy was established. The maternalchild health services in the 5th report meets most of the essential health services for women and children’s health, but there was no content related to the advanced maternal-child health services. Conclusion: Maternal-child health services of North Korea, as shown in the periodic reports, has developed into an internationally accepted level. To promote advanced maternal-child services in the future, North Korea is needed close cooperation with the international community.

모자보건법의 모자보건센터와 중앙모자의료센터의 기능 개선방안

황종윤 한국모자보건학회 2019 한국모자보건학회지 Vol.23 No.1

The Mother and Child Act is the most important law set up to maintain and improve maternal-child healthcare. This act was established in 1973 and was revised to improve maternal-child healthcare. This act includes the establishment and management of a maternal-child healthcare center in the district, a maternal-child regional healthcare center in the province, and a national maternal-child medical center. In the baby boom era, maternal- child healthcare centers provided maternity care and delivery services as well as emergency obstetrical management, but those centers stopped providing maternity care in the low birth-rate era. The last revised act included the establishment of a national maternal-child medical center to care for the increase in the number of high-risk pregnancies. This review briefly evaluates the goals and roles of a maternal-child healthcare center and a national maternal-child medical center according to the Mother and Child Act, and integrates high risk pregnancies with a neonatal care center to renovate the maternity healthcare system.

태교 집단미술치료 프로그램이 임신부의 모성정체성과 태아애착에 미치는 효과

우인희,전순영 한국미술치료학회 2016 美術治療硏究 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구에서는 태교 집단미술치료 프로그램이 임신부의 모성정체성과 태아애착에 어떠한 효과를 미치는지알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 경기도 G시 임신 15주 이상의 임신부 18명을 선정하여 실험집단 9명, 통제집단9명을 무선으로 배정하였다. 연구기간은 2014년 11월부터 2015년 1월까지 매주 1∼2회 80분씩 사전․사후검사를 제외하고 총 14회기가 진행되었다. 연구도구로는 모성정체성을 알아보기 위한 모성정체성 척도, 태아애착을알아보기 위해 태아애착 척도, 사전․사후 검사의 차이를 분석하기 위해 윌콕슨 부호 순위 검정(Wilcoxon signed ranks test)을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 임신부의 모성정체성의 4개하위 요인 모두 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 볼 수 있었다. 이에 반해, 통제집단은 모성정체성 척도 사전․사후검사의 차이 정도에 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 보이지 않았다. 둘째, 임신부의 태아애착 척도의 5개의 하위요인 모두 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 볼 수 있었다. 이에 반해, 통제집단은 태아애착 척도 사전․사후 검사의차이 정도에 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 태교 집단미술치료 프로그램이 임신부에게 있어 임신기에 겪는 감정과 경험을 시각화 시키고 태아와의 상호작용을 경험하며 모성정체성과 태아애착 형성에 긍정적인 효과를 미쳤음을 알 수 있다. This study aimed at to examine the effects of prenatal care group art therapy programs on maternal identity and maternal-fetal attachment. To this end, 18 pregnant woman were finally recruited from G city in Gyeonggi-do, and randomly and evenly assigned into the test group and the control group. The program for the test group was performed with a total of 14 sessions for 80 minutes once or twice in a week from November 2014 January 2015. In addition to the preliminary and follow-up tests, maternal identity, maternal-fetal attachment, and the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test were examined for all subjects in both groups. The results of this study are as follows. First, four sub-factors of the performed to analyze the subjects' maternal identity before and after the program were statistically significant results for the test group. However, the control group did not have any statistically significant difference. Secondly, five sub-factors of the measuring maternal-fetal attachment before and after the program were statistically significant, whereas the control group did not show any meaningful difference. Therefore, it can be concluded that this study showed that prenatal care group art therapy programs could help pregnant women to visualize their emotions and experiences during the pregnancy period and to develop interactions with their unborn children; he study also positively affected maternal identity and maternal-fetal attachment.

임신 말 모체와 제대혈의 Retinol, $\beta-Carotene,\;\alpha$-Tocopherol의 농도 및 임신결과와의 상관성

이금주,이민숙,안홍석 대한지역사회영양학회 2004 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intake of antioxidant vitamins and plasma concentrations of those in 60 maternal-infant pairs (30 in normal term delivery group, NT; 30 in preform delivery group, PT). We also investigated the relationship between vitamin levels of maternal-umbilical cord plasma and pregnancy outcome. Mean energy intakes of NT and PT pregnant women were 93.2% and 85.4%, and their protein intakes were 113.3% and 110.9% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), respectively. While vitamin A intakes were only 51.2% and 39.6% of the RDA in NT and PT pregnant women. The vitamin E intake was about 50% of the RDA (NT 6.27 mg, PT 7.78 mg). The levels of retinol in maternal plasma of NT and PT were $1.51\mumol/\ell\;and\;1.43\mumol/\ell$, respectively. The retinol levels in umbilical cord plasma in NT and PT were $0.72\mumol/\ell\;and\;0.61\mumol/\ell$, respectively. The level of $\beta-carotene$in maternal plasma of NT was 0.49 $\mu$mol/$\ell$, significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that of PT ($0.31\mumol/\ell$).The $\beta-carotene$ of umbilical cord plasma of NT and PT were $0.702\mumol/\ell\;and\;0.01\mumol/\ell$, respectively. The plasma $\alpha$-tocopherol of maternal of NT and PT were $0.72\mumol/\ell\;and\;0.01\mumol/\ell\;29.51 /mumol/\ell\; and 27.17\mumol/\ell,\;respectively.\; The $\alpha$-tocopherol of umbilical cord plasma of NT and PT were $4.16\mumol/\ell\;and\;3.80\mumol/\ell$, respectively. The antioxidant vitamin levels (retinol, $\beta-carotene,\;and\;\alpha$-tocopherol) in maternal plasma were significantly higher (p<0.0001) than those in umbilical cord plasma. However, there was no correlation between the vitamin levels in maternal plasma and those in umbilical cord plasma. The maternal plasma $\beta$-carotene level showed a positive correlation to gestational age. Also Apgar score at 1 min produced a positive correlation to maternal plasma $\beta$-carotene level.

The Influence of Anxiety and Dyadic Adjustment on Maternal–Fetal Attachment in High-Risk Pregnant Women

Sung–Hee Lee,Eun-Young Lee 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.9 No.12

Purpose: This study attempted using a descriptive survey to elucidate the influence of anxiety and dyadic adjustment on maternal–fetal attachment in high-risk pregnant women. Methods: The data used in this study were collected from March 3rd, 2015, to March 30th, 2015, and the participants were 118 pregnant women including those undergoing prenatal tests and those admitted to a delivery room in the obstetrics outpatient center of 3 university hospitals located in B, D, and Y after diagnosis with high-risk pregnancy during 20–38 weeks of gestation. Collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and stepwise regression analysis using the IBM SPSS 22.0 program. Results: The level of maternal–fetal attachment according to participants’ general and obstetric characteristics showed significant differences in history of childbirth, prenatal tests, and planned pregnancy. The factors that influenced maternal–fetal attachment were history of childbirth, prenatal tests, anxiety, and dyadic adjustment. Lower anxiety and high dyadic adjustment of high-risk pregnant women led to a high maternal–fetal attachment. Among them, anxiety was the factor with the greatest impact, explaining 20.5%. Conclusion: This study presents the need for development and application of prenatal nursing intervention to enhance maternal–fetal attachment by lowering anxiety through prenatal care in high-risk pregnant women and improving dyadic adjustment.