인간언어공학에의 활용을 위한 이종 개념체계 간 사상 : 세종의미부류와 KorLexNoun 1.5

배선미(Sun-Mee Bae),임경업(Kyoungup Im),윤애선(Aesun Yoon) 한국인지과학회 2010 인지과학 Vol.21 No.1

본 연구에서는 인간언어공학에서의 활용을 위해 매우 이질적인 세종전자사전의 의미부류(SJSC)와 KorLexNoun 1.5(KLN)의 상위노드 간의 사상을 목표로, ‘의미 입자(sense grain)가 작은 개념체계(fine-grained ontology)’ 간 귀납적이며 상향적인 수동 사상 방법론을 제안하였다. 동시에 이종 자원 간의 사상에 있어 각 의미체계의 이질성 때문에 발생하는 여러 가지 문제점을 살펴보고, 그 해결방안도 제안하였다. 두 이종 개념체계 간의 사상 방법은 SJSC의 단말 노드와 KLN의 Least Upper Bound(LUB)를 기본단위로 하여, 첫째, 어휘 분포를 이용하여 사상 후보군을 결정하고, 둘째, 계층 관계와 정의문과 용례를 이용하여 후보군들 간의 정확한 의미구분을 하며, 셋째, 상 · 하위-자매노드에 SJSC의 적정술어 및 정의문을 적용하여 LUB의 단계를 결정하고, 넷째, 양 의미체계의 계층관계를 비교함으로써 SJSC의 단말 노드와의 사상 여부를 판단하며, 마지막으로 KLN의 오류 및 전문용어 후보군은 사상에서 제외하였다. 이와 같이 본 연구에서는 단계별 사상 준거의 설정에 있어 각 의미체계에 기술되어 있는 다양한 언어정보를 적극 이용하였는데, 이는 세밀한 수동 사상의 장점이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법으로 사상한 결과, SJSC의 474개의 단말 및 비단말 노드와 KLN의 신셋(synset) 간에는 중복을 제외하고 6,487개의 LUB가 사상되었으며, 각 LUB의 하위노드를 포함해서는 모두 88,255개의 KLN 신셋이 사상되어 전체적으로는 97.91%가 사상되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 정교한 한국어 통사 및 의미 분석에 활용될 수 있을 것이다. This study proposes a bottom-up and inductive manual mapping methodology for integrating two heterogenous fine-grained ontologies which were built by a top-down and deductive methodology, namely the Sejong semantic classes (SJSC) and the upper nodes in KorLexNoun 1.5 (KLN), for HLP applications. It also discusses various problematics in the mapping processes of two language resources caused by their heterogeneity and proposes the solutions. The mapping methodology of heterogeneous fine-grained ontologies uses terminal nodes of SJSC and Least Upper Bounds (LUB) of KLN as basic mapping units. Mapping procedures are as follows: first, the mapping candidate groups are decided by the lexfollocorrelation between the synsets of KLN and the noun senses of Sejong Noun Dfotionaeci(SJND) which are classified according to SJSC. Secondly, the meanings of the candidate groups are precisely disambiguated by linguistic information provided by the two ontologies, i.e. the hierarchicllostructures, the definitions, and the exae les. Thirdly, the level of LUB is determined by applying the appropriate predicates and definitions of SJSC to the upper-lower and sister nodes of the candidate LUB. Fourthly, the mapping possibility ic inthe terminal node of SJSC is judged by che aring hierarchicllorelations of the two ontologies. Finally, the ituorrect synsets of KLN and terminologiollocandidate groups are excluded in the mapping. This study positively uses various language information described in each ontology for establishing the mapping criteria, and it is indeed the advantage of the fine-grained manual mapping. The result using the proposed methodology shows that 6,487 LUBs are mapped with 474 terminal and non-terminal nodes of SJSC, excluding the multiple mapped nodes, and that 88,255 nodes of KLN are mapped including all lower-level nodes of the mapped LUBs. The total mapping coverage is 97.91% of KLN synsets. This result can be applied in many elaborate syntactic and semantic analyses for Korean language processing.

프로젝션 맵핑의 표현에 관한 연구

박서라 ( Park Seo Ra ),박상현 ( Park Sang Hyun ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2022 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.81 No.-

보편적 영상은 일반적으로 사각형의 형태로 존재해왔다. 프로젝션 맵핑은 사각형의 형태를 고집하지 않고 특유의 조건에 어울리는 다양한 형태 안에 영상이 존재하게 만들고 있다. 프로젝션 맵핑은 제약 없이 환영적인 시각 특징으로 수용자에게 체험마저 가능하게 하고 있다. 본 연구자는 프로젝션 맵핑에서 보이는 영사 방식의 양상이 다른 매체에서는 보지 못했던 표현 차이가 있다는 것을 감지했다. 이러한 견해로 프로젝션 맵핑이 실행하는 투사 이미지들에 심도 있는 미학적 의미가 있으리라 보고 어떠한 점이 미학적인지를 알아보기 위해 프로젝션 맵핑의 시각적 특징을 연구하고자 했다. 본 연구에서는 프로젝션 맵핑의 개념을 이해하고, 다종다양多種多樣한 연출 양상들을 조사하여 프로젝션 맵핑이 어떠한 미학적 표현을 시도하는지를 노르베르트 볼츠의 매체미학적 관점과 연관지어 프로젝션 맵핑의 표현의 미학을 서술하고자 하였다. 독일의 미디어 철학자 노르베르트 볼츠는 매체가 수용자에게 감각과 체험을 선사하는 것 말고도 놀이의 영역에서 예술의 새로운 역할을 수행하고 있다고 말한다. 이러한 예술 체험방식의 변화와 예술의 궁극적 의미의 변화가 프로젝션 맵핑에서도 일어나는지를 선행적 맥락과 연결하려 하였다. 그리하여 이러한 매체 실행에 어떠한 주목할 만한 매체미학적 의미가 프로젝션 맵핑의 미적 연출들과 연관이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구로 수용자에게 감각적 경험을 주고, 도시 공간 안에서 놀이로서의 예술을 실행하여 ‘감상하는 예술’ 그 이상을 발현하는 프로젝션 맵핑을 이해하고자 하였다. 이로써 프로젝션 맵핑이 미학적 표현과 예술적 본질을 매체 과정의 구조에 맞게 잘 실행하여 매체수행의 확장을 이룸을 조명하고자 하였다. Universal images have generally existed in the form of squares. Projection mapping allows images to exist in a variety of shapes that fit specific conditions, rather than sticking to a square shape. Projection mapping allows audiences to experience even with phantasmagoric visual features without restrictions. This researcher detected that the aspect of the projection method seen in projection mapping has a difference in expression that was not seen in other media. With this view, this research tried to study the visual characteristics of projection mapping in order to find out what aesthetic point it is, thinking that there would be a profound aesthetic meaning in the projected images executed by projection mapping. This study tried to describe the aesthetics of the expression of projection mapping by understanding the concept of projection mapping and by examining the various types of directing aspects to relate the aesthetic expression of projection mapping to Norbert Boltz's media aesthetic point of view. German media philosopher Norbert Boltz says that the media is playing a new role in art in the realm of play, in addition to providing senses and experiences to the audience. Whether such a change in the art experience method and the change in the ultimate meaning of art also occurs in projection mapping was attempted to be connected with the preceding context. Therefore, it was attempted to find out what remarkable media aesthetic meanings of these media practices are related to the aesthetic presentations of projection mapping. Conclusionally, this study tried to understand projection mapping that expresses more than 'art to appreciate' by giving the audience a sensory experience and implementing art as play in urban space. In this way, it was intended to illuminate that projection mapping achieves the expansion of media performance by properly implementing the aesthetic expression and artistic essence according to the structure of the media process.

국내 상담심리 분야의 개념도 연구방법에 대한 메타분석적 개관

최윤정 한국상담학회 2019 상담학연구 Vol.20 No.6

The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence for more valid and reliable application of concept mapping method through meta-analytically identifying the trends of the research that applied the concept mapping method as well as the quantitative features of the research methods in the field of counseling psychology research. For this purpose, 67 articles that displayed quantitative indicators of research among the articles published in KCI-registered journals over the past 15 years (2004-2019) using the concept mapping in the counseling psychology research area in Korea were selected. Research trends were analyzed by research journal, year, research topic, research participants. Quantitative features presented in the stages of concept mapping method were analyzed by collecting quantitative data extracted from 106 concept maps derived from 67 studies. The results of the study were as follows: First, the general trend of concept mapping methods showed that researches were conducted in a similar way of the general research topics in the field of counseling psychology on subjects which are related to various counseling settings such as university counseling centers, schools, and workplace. Second, in most cases, the concept mapping methodology in the field of counseling psychology in Korea was performed based on the procedures and indicators suggested by Kane and Trochim(2007). However, in order to apply the better study method of concept mapping methodologically, it is necessary to consider more research factors that can increase the internal validity and reliability of the concept mapping. Third, it was identified that the stress value for evaluating the internal validity of the concept mapping was related to the number of final statements, the number of statements in the maximum cluster, and the average number of files classified by participants. Based on the results of the study, implications of more valid and reliable concept mapping method were discussed and suggested for further research. 본 연구의 목적은 상담심리 연구 분야에서 개념도(concept mapping) 연구방법을 적용한 연구의 동향과 연구방법의 양적 특징을 메타분석적으로 확인함으로써 보다 타당하고 신뢰로운 개념도 연구방법의 적용을 위한 경험적 증거를 제공하는 데에 있다. 이를 위해서 본 연구는 지난 15년 동안(2004~2019년) 국내 상담심리 연구 분야에서 개념도 연구방법을 활용하여 KCI 등재 이상의 학술지에 게재된 논문 중 연구의 양적 지표를 확인할 수 있는 67편을 연구 대상으로 선정하였다. 먼저 학술지, 년도, 연구 주제, 연구 참여자에 따라 연구 동향을 분석하고 67편의 연구에서 산출된 106개의 개념도에서 나타난 양적 자료를 수집하여 개념도 연구방법의 단계에서 나타나는 양적 특징을 분석하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 개념도 연구방법의 전반적인 동향을 살펴보면, 대학 상담센터, 학교, 기업체 등 다양한 상담 환경과 관련된 연구 참여자를 대상으로 상담심리 분야의 연구 주제 분류와 유사하게 연구들이 이루어지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 국내 상담심리 분야에서 이루어진 개념도 연구방법은 대체로 Kane과 Trochim(2007)이 제시한 절차와 준거대로 수행되고 있었으나, 방법론적으로 좀 더 우수한 개념도 연구방법을 적용하기 위해서 개념도의 내적인 타당도와 신뢰도를 확인할 수 있는 연구 요소들을 좀 더 고려할 필요가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 개념도 연구방법의 내적 타당도를 평가할 수 있는 스트레스 값은 최종 진술문 수와 최대군집의 진술문 수, 그리고 참여자가 분류한 평균 파일의 수와 관련이 있음이 확인되었다. 연구 결과에 기초하여, 방법론적으로 보다 타당하고 신뢰로운 개념도 연구방법에 대한 논의와 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 하였다.

미디어 맵핑의 요소를 통한 개념과 용어의 체계화

이상훈,김지홍 한국일러스아트학회 2018 조형미디어학 Vol.21 No.3

It was newly defined and conceptualized on media mapping through elements in order to acquire the theoretical system, because it was found the ambiguity of concepts and definitions on media mapping. Firstly, It was identified two factors as the media mapping and projection mapping in the media mapping. And there were 4 elements system of media mapping by the lighting source and the surface of expression. So it was classified two elements, one was the illumination by location of light as LED light, and the other was the reflection by the surface of expression. Then the facade was used only front side of building, however if it was included other surfaces of building then it was sorted as non-facade. So this concept of 4 elements, it was utilized matrix system by the combination of those elements. For case study, many of media mapping art work all over the world selected to sort and applied above the media mapping. The result said, there were 4 kinds of media mapping, as the Light Facade Mapping(LFM:LF), the Light Mapping(LM), the Projection Facade Mapping(PFM:PF), and the Projection Mapping(PM). Therefore this paper suggested the systematical theory on media mapping for academy and industry, furthermore it could apply to extended media art as the methodology of conceptualization and definition. 미디어 맵핑에 대한 명료한 체계성의 부진으로 개념과 용어의 불명확성을 확인하였으므로 이에 대한 이론적 체계성을 확보하여 미디어 맵핑의 요소를 통해 개념과 용어를 새롭게 정의하였다. 먼저 선행연구로 미디어 맵핑에 대한 미디어 파사드와 프로젝션 맵핑을 파악하였다. 그리고 미디어 맵핑에 대한 요소화를 위해 광원과 표현면의 면수로 4가지의 요소를 체계화하였다. 즉 광원에 따라 내부광원은 LED와 같은 조명의 발광, 외부광원은 프로젝터의 빛에 의한 반사로 구분하였고, 표현면은 정면만을 활용하면 파사드 그리고 다른 면을 추가하면 비(非)파사드로 본래의 의미에 따라 규정하여 단일면과 복합면의 요소로 나타내었다. 이러한 개념으로 4가지 요소들을 매트릭스로 체계를 조합하여 구현되는 표현과 기술들을 체계화하였고 용어들을 명료화하였다. 사례분석을 위하여 다양한 미디어 맵핑의 제작 사례들을 수집하고 분류하여 적용하였다. 연구결과는 라이트 파사드 맵핑 혹은 라이트 파사드Light Facade Mapping(LFM:LF), 라이트 맵핑Light Mapping(LM), 프로젝션 파사드 맵핑 혹은 프로젝션 파사드Projection Facade Mapping(PFM:PF), 프로젝션 맵핑Projection Mapping(PM)로 나타내었고, 각 요소들을 활용한 작업들을 정의된 용어를 통해 활용의 적합성을 확인하였다. 그러므로 미디어 맵핑의 이론과 실무 작업에서 활용할 수 있는 체계적인 이론을 제시하였고 나아가 확장된 미디어 아트의 개념과 용어 정의를 위한 방법론적 제시를 이루었다.

조경 계획과 설계의 시각화 매체로서 맵핑 연구

심지수,배정한 한국경관학회 2019 한국경관학회지 Vol.11 No.2

This study focused on potentiality of mapping as a visualization medium to propose for using mapping technique in landscape design and planning. Compared to other visualization media, mapping includes geo-spatial information, contains subjectivity of a person who participates in mapping, and allows users to mapping. Especially, mapping contributes to visualize hidden relationships in cities where everything changes so fast. This study aims to review previous studies related to mapping as a visualization medium and to propose to use mapping as practical design tools in contemporary landscape architecture for promoting to use mapping actively. This study claims unique features of mapping compared to other visualization medium, three types of mapping such as analytic, representative, and reformative mapping, and mapping as a powerful representation medium to discover hidden relationships in urban contexts. While mapping studies have been stopped since Ian McHarg’s Layering, this study contributes to refocused on mapping and its conceptual and practical usage in contemporary landscape architecture.

Research of Automatically Generate Mapping Mechanism Based on the Semantic Role

Feng wang,Lei Cui,Yizhen Wang,Xinjiang Wei 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.10

Role based access control (RBAC) has been widely adopted in industrial and government. However RBAC is only suitable for closed enterprise environment. With modern Internet based application, collaboration and sharing among multiple organizations become essential and RBAC is no longer sufficient. Role mapping has been the solutions to deal with multiple domains, where the roles in the hierarchy of one organization are mapped to the roles in the hierarchy of another organization. But role mapping can be a tedious task for the security officers if it is done fully manually. Yet, performing role mapping automatically incur security risks. In this paper, we introduce a semi-automated role mapping process, where promising role mappings are generated automatically and recommended to the security officer(s). The security officers then approve or modify the recommended role mappings. We present a method for automatically generate role mappings based on the similarities of the roles in two role hierarchies. We use an example to illustrate our approach and show its feasibility.

산악지형에서의 재난피해조사를 위한 드론 맵핑 활용방안 연구

신동윤,김다진솔,김성삼,한유경,노현주 대한원격탐사학회 2020 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.36 No.5

In the case of forest areas, the installation of ground control points (GCPs) and the selection of terrain features, which are one of the unmanned aerial photogrammetry work process, are limited compared to urban areas, and safety problems arise due to non-visible flight due to high forest. To compensate for this problem, the drone equipped with a real time kinematic (RTK) sensor that corrects the position of the drone in real time, and a 3D flight method that fly based on terrain information are being developed. This study suggests to present a method for investigating damage using drones in forest areas. Position accuracy evaluation was performed for three methods: 1) drone mapping through GCP measurement (normal mapping), 2) drone mapping based on topographic data (3D flight mapping), 3) drone mapping using RTK drone (RTK mapping), and all showed an accuracy within 2 cm in the horizontal and within 13 cm in the vertical position. After evaluating the position accuracy, the volume of the landslide area was calculated and the volume values were compared, and all showed similar values. Through this study, the possibility of utilizing 3D flight mapping and RTK mapping in forest areas was confirmed. In the future, it is expected that more effective damage investigations can be conducted if the three methods are appropriately used according to the conditions of area of the disaster. 산림지역의 경우 도심지에 비해 무인항공사진측량 작업과정 중 하나인 지상기준점(ground control point, GCP) 측량이 제한적이며, 높은 산림 때문에 비가시권 비행으로 인해 안전문제가 발생한다. 이를 보완하기 위해 드론의 위치를 실시간으로 보정하는 RTK(real time kinematic) 드론과 지형정보를 기반으로 비행하는 3차원 비행 방식이 개발되고 있다. 본 연구는 산림지역에서 재난피해조사를 위한 드론의 활용방안을 제시하기 위해1) GCP 측량을 통한 드론 맵핑(normal drone mapping), 2) 지형정보를 기반으로 비행하는 드론 맵핑(3D flight drone mapping), 3) RTK 드론을 이용한 드론 맵핑(RTK drone mapping) 3가지 방법을 통해 위치정확도를 평가하였으며, 그 결과 평면 위치오차는 2 cm, 높이오차는 13 cm 이내로 나타났다. 위치정확도 평가 후, 산사태 발생 면적을 계산하여 체적 값을 비교했을 때 세 가지 방법 모두 유사한 결과를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 3D flight drone mapping, RTK drone mapping을 통해 산림지역에서 드론 맵핑이 가지는 한계를 극복하고 재난피해조사의 활용 가능성을 확인하였다. 향후 다양하게 발생하는 재난상황을 감안하였을 때 재난지역의 여건에 따라3가지 방법을 적절히 활용하면 보다 효과적인 피해조사를 수행할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Discovering and Maintaining Semantic Mappings between XML Schemas and Ontologies

Yuan An,Alex Borgida,John Mylopoulos 한국정보과학회 2008 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.2 No.1

There is general agreement that the problem of data semantics has to be addressed for XML data to become machine-processable. This problem can be tackled by defining a semantic mapping between an XML schema and an ontology. Unfortunately, creating such mappings is a tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone task. To alleviate this problem, we present a solution that heuristically discovers semantic mappings between XML schemas and ontologies. The solution takes as input an initial set of simple correspondences between element attributes in an XML schema and class attributes in an ontology, and then generates a set of mapping formulas. Once such a mapping is created, it is important and necessary to maintain the consistency of the mapping when the associated XML schema and ontology evolve. In this paper, we first offer a mapping formalism to represent semantic mappings. Second, we present our heuristic mapping discovery algorithm. Third, we show through an empirical study that considerable effort can be saved when discovering complex mappings by using our prototype tool. Finally, we propose a mapping maintenance plan dealing with schema evolution. Our study provides a set of effective solutions for building sustainable semantic integration systems for XML data.

Multimodal sensor-based semantic 3D mapping for a large-scale environment

Jeong, Jongmin,Yoon, Tae Sung,Park, Jin Bae Elsevier 2018 expert systems with applications Vol.105 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Semantic 3D mapping is one of the most important fields in robotics, and has been used in many applications, such as robot navigation, surveillance, and virtual reality. In general, semantic 3D mapping is mainly composed of 3D reconstruction and semantic segmentation. As these technologies evolve, there has been great progress in semantic 3D mapping in recent years. Furthermore, the number of robotic applications requiring semantic information in 3D mapping to perform high-level tasks has increased, and many studies on semantic 3D mapping have been published. Existing methods use a camera for both 3D reconstruction and semantic segmentation. However, this is not suitable for large-scale environments and has the disadvantage of high computational complexity. To address this problem, we propose a multimodal sensor-based semantic 3D mapping system using a 3D Lidar combined with a camera. In this study, the odometry is obtained by high-precision global positioning system (GPS) and inertial measurement unit (IMU), and it is estimated by iterative closest point (ICP) when a GPS signal is weak. Then, we use the latest 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) for semantic segmentation. To build a semantic 3D map, we integrate the 3D map with semantic information by using coordinate transformation and Bayes’ update scheme. In order to improve the semantic 3D map, we propose a 3D refinement process to correct wrongly segmented voxels and remove traces of moving vehicles in the 3D map. Through experiments on challenging sequences, we demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and intersection over union (IoU). Thus, our method can be used for various applications that require semantic information in 3D map.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A novel method to generate semantic 3D map by combining a 3D Lidar and a camera for large-scale environments. </LI> <LI> A refinement method to remove traces of moving vehicles in a 3D map. </LI> <LI> Experiments on challenging sequences and real-world data to compare against state-of-the-art methods. </LI> <LI> Demonstration of superiority in terms of 3D accuracy and intersection over union (IoU). </LI> </UL> </P>

Convergence of approximating paths to solutions of variational inequalities involving non-Lipschitzian mappings

정종수,Daya Ram Sahu 대한수학회 2008 대한수학회지 Vol.45 No.2

Let X be a real reflexive Banach space with a uniformly Gateaux differentiable norm, C a nonempty closed convex subset of X, T : C → X a continuous pseudocontractive mapping, and A : C → C a continuous strongly pseudocontractive mapping. We show the existence of a path {xt} satisfying xt = tAxt+(1-t)Txt, t ∈ (0, 1) and prove that {xt} converges strongly to a fixed point of T, which solves the variational inequality involving the mapping A. As an application, we give strong convergence of the path {xt} defined by xt = tAxt +(1-t)(2I-T)xt to a fixed point of firmly pseudocontractive mapping T. Let X be a real reflexive Banach space with a uniformly Gateaux differentiable norm, C a nonempty closed convex subset of X, T : C → X a continuous pseudocontractive mapping, and A : C → C a continuous strongly pseudocontractive mapping. We show the existence of a path {xt} satisfying xt = tAxt+(1-t)Txt, t ∈ (0, 1) and prove that {xt} converges strongly to a fixed point of T, which solves the variational inequality involving the mapping A. As an application, we give strong convergence of the path {xt} defined by xt = tAxt +(1-t)(2I-T)xt to a fixed point of firmly pseudocontractive mapping T.