청소년 성행동에 영향을 주는 위험요인 및 보호요인의 분석

한상철 미래를 여는 청소년학회 2009 미래청소년학회지 Vol.6 No.4

The main purpose of this study is to analysis the influences of risk factors and protective factors on adolescent's sex risk behavior. A sex impulsivity, a sensation seeking, a negative coping strategy, and a peer pressure as risk factors were presented by a prior researchers. A positive coping strategy, a positive perception on school life, a parent's rearing behavior(father and mother), and a parent-child's communication (father, mother) as protective factors were selected to base on previous studies, and found by researchers that these factors have buffering effect of risk factors on a sex risk behavior. The subjects are 600 2nd grade students of middle and high schools in D city. Scales for measuring these variables are all eight, such as a sex risk behavior scale constructed of 20 items, a sex impulsivity scale with 12 items, a stress coping strategy(positive, negative) scale constructed of 36 items, a sensation seeking scale with 20 items, a peer pressure scale with 20 items, a positive perception on school life scale with 9 items, a parent's rearing behavior involving monitoring and controlling scale with 9 items, a parent-child communication scale with 20 items. Statistical procedures used for data analysis were Pearson's correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are: (1) As expected, all risk factors predicted significantly sex risk behavior. The higher risk factors was, the higher sex behavior was found in adolescent. are identified as risk factors. (2) The result showed that a positive coping strategy, a parent's monitoring and controlling rearing behavior, a parent-child communication as protective factors have buffering effect of sex impulsivity and sensation seeking on adolescent's sex behavior. This results were discussed with that considering an treatment effect of protective factors for preventing adolescent's various risk behaviors is importance. 본 연구는 청소년 성행동을 위험행동으로 규정하고, 이에 영향을 주는 위험요인과 보호요인을 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 위험요인은 위험행동의 원인이 되지만, 보호요인은 위험요인이 위험행동에 미치는 영향을 상쇄시키는 조절효과를 갖는다. 선행연구를 통해 선정된 위험요인은 성충동, 감각추구성향, 소극적 대처전략, 또래압력 지각이며, 보호요인으로 가정한 것은 적극적 대처전략, 학교에 대한 긍정적 지각, 부모의 감시 및 통제, 부모와의 의사소통이다. 이들 위험요인 및 보호요인이 실제로 성 위험행동에 영향을 주고, 조절효과를 갖는지 확인해 보고자 한다. 연구대상은 중학교, 인문고, 전문계고에서 표집한 총 600명의 청소년들이며, 성 위험행동을 비롯하여 4개의 위험요인과 6개의 보호요인을 측정할 수 있는 총 8개의 척도를 구성하였다. 위계적 중다회귀분석을 통해 1단계에서 위험요인의 영향력을 확인하고, 2단계에서 보호요인의 위험행동과의 관련성을 검증하고, 3단계에서 상호작용 검증을 통해 보호요인의 조절효과를 확인하였다. 그 결과 4개의 위험요인은 성 위험행동을 의미 있게 설명해 주었으며, 6개의 보호요인은 위험행동과 부적인 관계를 나타내었다. 보호요인의 조절효과를 확인한 결과 위험요인으로 성충동이 투입되었을 때 적극적 대처, 부와의 의사소통, 모와의 의사소통이 각각 의미 있는 상호작용을 나타냄으로서 보호요인으로 확인되었으며, 감각추구성향이 위험요인으로 투입되었을 때는 적극적 대처, 부와 모의 감시 및 통제 양육행동, 부와의 의사소통이 조절효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 청소년 성 행동에 영향을 주는 개인 내적 위험요인으로 성충동, 감각추구성향, 소극적 대처, 또래압력이 확인되었으며, 이들 위험요인의 부정적 영향력을 상쇄시켜 주는 보호요인으로는 적극적 대처전략, 부와 모의 감시 및 통제 양육행동, 부모와의 원활한 의사소통이 확인되었다. 청소년 성행동 지도에 있어서 극단적인 위험요인은 계속해서 제거시켜 나가야 하겠지만 이와 더불어 보호요인의 처치를 통해 청소년의 긍정적인 발달을 촉진시켜 나가는 것이 더 중요하다는 점을 논의하였다.

재미 한인 청소년의 비행행동과 관련된 위험요인과 보호요인에 관한 연구

한영옥 한국청소년학회 2007 청소년학연구 Vol.14 No.2

The goal of this study is to identifies risk and protective factors for delinquent behavior among Korean-American Adolescents in USA. The subjects for this study consist of 301 Korean-American students in grades 6 to 12. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, Generally, these data showed that most of the risk factors in all domains demonstrate a strong relationship to the delinquent behavior . Second, the most common risk factor was "laws favorable toward drug use"(60.2%) on the community domain, and this risk factor increased the odds of delinquent behavior by approximately 3 times. Third, the "opportunity for positive involvement" which is a protective factor on the school domain was reported by 82% of Korean-American youth, but this factor did not decreased the probability of delinquent behavior. Fourth, the percentage of students "resilient" on all protective factors on the family domain was much lower than that of protective factors on other domains. Fifth, the strongest predictors of delinquent behavior were shown in the peer-individual domain. All risk factors in the peer-individual domain increased the odds of delinquent behavior from 3.8 to 17.7 times, and all protective factors in this domain decreased the odds of delinquent behavior from 7.8 to 10.2times 본 연구는 재미 한인 중고등학생들의 비행행동과 관련된 위험요인과 보호요인을 평가하고 그 특징들을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 6학년부터 12학년까지의 한인청소년 301명이었다. 지역사회, 가족, 학교, 개인 및 동료영역 등 4개 영역의 거의 대부분의 위험요인들과 비행행동과는 강한 관련이 있었다. 그러나 보호요인의 경우 개인 및 동료영역의 보호요인들만 비행행동과 강한 관련성을 보였고 나머지 세(지역사회, 학교, 가족)영역에서는 관련성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 한인 청소년이 가장 많이 갖고 있는 지역사회 영역의 위험요인은 “약물사용에 대한 법적 호의성”이었는데, 이는 비행행동의 가능성을 3배 이상 높이고 있다. 보호요인에서는 82%가 학교영역의 “긍정적인 활동의 기회”의 요인을 보호요인으로 가지고 있었으나, 이 요인이 비행행동의 가능성을 줄이지는 못했다. 가족영역에서의 보호요인은 다른 세 영역의 보호요인에 비해 보호요인으로 갖고 있는 비율이 훨씬 더 낮았다. 비행행동을 가장 잘 예언해주는 변인은 개인 및 동료 영역이었는데, 개인 및 동료영역의 모든 위험요인은 비행행동의 가능성을 3.8배에서 17.7배까지 높이고 있고, 모든 보호요인 또한 비행행동의 가능성을 7.8배에서 10.2배까지 줄이고 있다.

청소년의 위험행동과 위험요인간의 관계에서 보호요인의 매개효과

전종국 한국소년정책학회 2011 少年保護硏究 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this study was to verify the mediating effects of protective factors between adolescent's risk behavior and risk factors. In total, 510 high school students participated in the survey. For this study the correlation analysis, the multiple regression, the structural equation model analysis were conducted. SPSS WIN 12.0 and AMOS 5.0 were used. The results are summed up as follows. First, the stepwise regression was conducted to examine what is the factor that explains the risk behavior of adolescents among risk factors, and as a result, four variables such as peers' negative pressure, risk factors of school, sensation seeking tendency and risk factors of family were statistically significant, and the total explanation variable about the risk behavior was 26.8%. The variables had powerful explanation in the order of peers' negative pressure, risk factors of school, sensation seeking tendency and risk factors of family. However psychological and emotional factors were not included in the regression model. Second, as a result of the examination of which factor explains the risk behavior of adolescents among protective factors, two variables such as management and supervision of parents and positive experiences in school were statistically significant, and the total explanation variable about the risk behavior was 12.1%. The variables had powerful explanation in the order of management and supervision of parents and positive experiences in school. However, self-esteem, peers' support and active measure strategy were not included in the regression model. At last, the mediation effect of protective factors was verified in the relationship between risk factors and protective factors. For this the structural equation model analysis was used. As a result, there was a direct effect of risk factors on the risk behavior of adolescents, but, the partial mediation effect model in which protective factors mediate risk factors and the risk behavior of adolescents had more powerful explanation about the risk behavior of adolescents than the model with only the direct effect.

청소년문제행동과 보호환경의 관계에 대한 문제행동통제의 매개효과

김진호 미래를 여는 청소년학회 2010 미래청소년학회지 Vol.7 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate a structural relationship among the related variables of adolescent's problem behavior. A structural equation model was presented to describe the hypothetical causal relationships among situational factors, problem-control behavior, and their levels of problem behavior. In the model, problem-control behavior was assumed as a variable, which mediates the effects of situational factors on the levels of problem behavior. 10,850 youth were asked to respond the questionnaires which was conceived to obtain the measures of five latent variables(protective factors of family, protective factors of school, perceptions of dangers in community, problem-control behavior, adolescent's problem behavior). After screening the data, 7,374 responses were used to analyze the data for this study. Lisrel 8.30 was used to analyze the data. The major findings of this study were as follow. First, problem-control behavior had negative effects on adolescent's problem behavior. Second, problem-control behavior was affected by protective factors of family, protective factors of school, and perceptions of dangers in community. Third, adolescent's problem behavior was affected directly by protective factors of family, protective factors of school, and perceptions of dangers in community. Fourth, indirect effects of situational factors were mediated by problem-control behavior of adolescent. It shows that problem-control behavior mediate the effects of situational factors(protective factors of family, protective factors of school, and perceptions of dangers) on adolescent's problem behavior. All this findings were discussed for youth workers and researches. 본 연구는 청소년의 문제행동 통제를 청소년의 문제행동에 영향을 미치는 중요한 변수로 가정하고, 그것이 어떠한 환경적 특성변수에 의해 결정되는지를 확인할 목적으로 수행되었다. 선행연구에 기초하여 본 연구에서는 청소년문제행동과 환경적 특성변수로서 가정환경, 학교생활환경, 지역사회 위험인지를 가정하였다. 그리고 청소년의 문제행동 통제를 환경적 특성변수가 문제행동에 영향을 미치는 매개변수로 가정하고, 이들 변수들이 청소년문제행동에 미치는 영향력을 구조방정식 모형에 적용하여 검증하였다. 한국청소년정책연구원에서 총 10,850명을 대상으로 실시한『한국청소년지표조사Ⅴ-안전(보호)지표』의 데이터를 활용하였으며, 회수된 9,727매의 설문지 중 분석에 적합하지 않은 2,353매를 제외한 7,374매가 분석에 활용되었다. 자료는 Lisrel 8.30을 통해 분석되었다. 조사를 통해 나타난 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년의 문제행동 통제는 문제행동에 부적인 직접효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 청소년의 긍정적인 환경적 특성변인은 청소년의 문제행동 통제에 정적인 직접효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 청소년의 긍정적인 환경적 특성변인은 청소년의 문제행동에 부적인 직접효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 청소년의 환경적 특성변인이 문제행동 통제를 매개로 하여 문제행동에 영향을 미치는지를 검증한 결과, 긍정적인 가정환경과 긍정적인 학교환경, 그리고 지역사회의 위험인지는 문제행동 통제를 매개로 하여 유의한 간접효과를 가졌다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과들이 갖는 시사점이 논의되었다.

A Status Analysis of Middle School Students' Preference for Science

Yoon, Jin 한국과학교육학회 2002 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.22 No.5

The purpose of this research was to survey middle school students' preference for science and its causal factors, so as to analyze the causal relationships between them. Preference for science and its causal factors were defined theoretically, and a theoretical model was constructed to measure them and analyze the causal relationship by structural equation modeling. According to the theoretical model and a pilot test, a questionnaire was developed with three parts; the background information of a respondent, the preference for science, and the causal factors of preference. The questionnaire was administered to one class per grade of randomly selected 8 middle schools from 4 areas across the country, and 819 students' data were collected. Preference for science was defined as a state of mind. It revealed to what extent, and how, one likes science. It consisted of 3 categories - 'emotional response', 'behavioral volition', valuational comprehension', and each category was divided into two subcategories. Causal factors affecting the preference for science consisted of three categories - personal, educational and social factors, and each was divided int 2 or 3 subcategories. Middle school students' preference for science was middling as a total. Curiosity about contents of science and valuation of science were high, comparatively, but behavioral volition about science was especially low. Students' responses to the causal factors were relatively high in every educational factor and sociocultural valuation of social factors, but relatively low in socioeconomic rewards of social factors, and especially low in personal factors. The causal relationship about the preference for science was investigated by multiple regression analysis and path analysis, using the structural equation model. Multiple regression analysis about the preference for science and its causal factors revealed important factors. The important factors were personal ability, the personal traits, rewards in school science, and contents of school science in order of magnitude of standardized regression coefficient β. Stepwise regression analysis with each of the subcategories of the preference for science as dependent variables showed what factors were important in each subcategory. According to the result of structural equation modeling, personal factors affected 'emotional response' and 'behavioral volition' directly, and social factors affected 'valuational comprehension' directly. Educational factors affected all categories of the preference for science by influencing not only 'emotional response' and 'valuational comprehension' directly, but also ' behavioral volition' indirectly. The way to promote middle school students' preference for science was suggested, based on the analysis result.

개인, 직무, 조직관련 요인이 재난안전 공무원의 반응행동(EVLN)에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김영희(Younghee Kim),남승하(Seungha Nam) 경인행정학회 2020 한국정책연구 Vol.20 No.3

본 연구는 개인요인(자기효능감, 공공봉사동기), 직무요인(직무스트레스, 전문성 인식), 조직요인(임파워링 리더십, 조직공정성)이 반응행동(EVLN)과 어떤 관련이 있는지를 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 개인 행동선택(behavioral options) 관한 EVLN 모형을 사용하여 개인, 직무, 조직요인의 각변인이 이탈(Exit), 발언(Voice), 태만(Neglect) 등의 반응행동에 미치는 영향 관계를 분석하였다. 연구대상은 지방자치단체 재난안전부서 공무원으로 수집된 설문조사 자료는 위계적 회귀분석 방법을 통해 실증분석하였다. 분석결과, 기존 연구들에서 사용된 일부 변수들이 EVLN과 관련된 재난안전 공무원의 행동선택을 설명하는 데도 유효한 변수임을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, 이탈에 직무요인이 가장 큰 영향력을 미쳤으며, 직무스트레스가 낮다고 인식할수록, 공공봉사동기, 전문성, 임파워링 리더십이 높다고 인식할수록 이탈 행동은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 발언에는 개인요인이 가장 큰 영향력을 미쳤으며, 자기효능감, 공공봉사동기, 직무스트레스, 조직공정성이 높다고 인식할수록 발언 행동은 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 충성은 연령이 많을수록 공직기간이 길수록, 임파워링 리더십이 높다고 인식할수록 충성행동이 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 태만에는 개인요인이 가장 큰 영향력을 미쳤으며, 직무스트레스가 높다고 인식할수록, 전문성이 낮다고 인식할수록 태만 행동이 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 건설적 행동에 영향을 미치는 개인, 직무, 조직요인에 관심을 기울이고, 파괴적 행동을 방지하기 위한 전략적 인력관리 방안이 필요하다는 것을 시사한다. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships of individual factors (self-efficacy, public service motivation), job factors(job stress, perception of professionalism), organizational factors(empowering leadership, organizational justice), and response behaviors(EVLN: Exit, Voice, Loyalty, Neglect). For this, by using the EVLN model of personal behavioral options, this study analyzed the effects of each variable of personal factors, job factors, and organizational factors on the response behaviors such as Exit, Voice, and Neglect. The research subjects were the public officials of disaster safety department in local government, and the collected survey data was empirically analyzed through the hierarchical regression analysis. In the results of the analysis, some variables used for the existing researches were the effective variables for explaining the behavioral options of disaster safety public officials related to EVLN. In other words, the job stress had the biggest effects on the exit behavior while the public service motivation, perception of professionalism, and empowering leadership were the factors that could decrease the exit behavior. The self-efficacy had the biggest effects on the voice behavior while the public service motivation, job stress, and organizational justice were the factors that could increase the voice behavior. Just as the voice behavior, the self-efficacy had the biggest effects on the neglect behavior while the job stress was the factor increasing the neglect behavior and the perception of professionalism was the factor decreasing the neglect behavior. Such results of this study imply that it would be necessary to pay attention to such personal, job, and organizational factors having effects on the voice and loyalty behaviors, and also to establish the strategic manpower management measures for preventing the exit and neglect behaviors.

초등학생의 충동성과 자살행동의 관계에서 보호요인의 조절효과

김현정(Hyun-Jung Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 초등학교 고학년을 대상으로 충동성과 자살행동(자살계획, 자살시도) 간의 관계에서 보호요인(개인요인, 가족요인, 또래요인, 학교요인)의 조절효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 서울지역 초등학생 5∼6학년 573명을 대상으로 충동성, 자살행동, 보호요인 척도에 대한 설문을 실시하였다. 먼저 자살행동의 실태를 파악하기 위하여 빈도 분석을 하였으며, 변인들의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 상관분석을 실시하였다. 또한 충동성과 자살행동과의 관계에서 보호요인의 조절효과를 알아보기 위해 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 이를 통한 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구대상의 29명(5.1%)은 자살계획을 세워 본 적이 있으며, 17명(3.0%)은 자살시도를 해 본 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자살행동을 보고한 학생은 41명(7.1%)으로 집계되었다. 둘째, 초등학생의 충동성과 보호요인(개인요인, 가정요인, 또래요인, 학교요인)은 모두 유의미한 부적 상관을 보였으며, 충동성과 자살행동은 유의미한 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 초등학생의 충동성이 자살행동에 미치는 영향에 보호요인 모두 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 충동적인 초등학생이라도 보호요인이 높을수록 낮은 자살행동을 보인다는 것이다. 이렇듯 보호요인은 초등학생의 충동성에 따른 자살행동에 대한 완충제로 작용하기 때문에 이를 강화하기 위한 다차원적인 노력이 필요함에 대하여 논의하였다. This study was to investigate the moderating effect of the protective factors in the relationship between impulsivity and suicide behavior of elementary school students. This study surveyed total 573 elementary school students located in Seoul. They completed survey questionnaires of impulsivity, suicide behavior and protective factors. Collected data was examined using correlation analyses and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. First, a total of 29(5.1%) students reported suicide plan, 17(3.0%) students reported suicide attempts and the rate of suicide behavior was 7.1%(n=41). Second, there was a negative relationship between impulsivity and protective factors and a positive relationship between impulsivity and suicide behavior. Also, it was found that the protective factors(individual factor, family factor, peer factor, school factor) moderated the relationship between impulsivity and suicide behavior of elementary school students. The implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

일부 법인 택시 노동자의 교통사고와 볼안전운전행동에 미치는 인적요인

윤간우,이상윤,임상혁 대한산업의학회 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.4

목적: 본 연구는 택시 업종을 대상으로 택시노동자의 다양한 인적특성들이 불안전운전행동을 매개로 교통사고와 어떠한 관련성이 있는지 살펴보고자 한다. 방법: 총 6개 택시사업장에 335명의 택시노동자를 대상으로 연구를 수행하였다. 자기기입식 설문조사 방법으로 지난 1년간 교통사고 횟수와 운전 중 불안전한 행동수준을 파악하였다. 이에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 개별 노동자의 인적 특성을 수집하여 요인분석을 통해 직무요인, 정신건강요인, 연령요인, 건강습관요인, 수면요인으로 범주화 하였고 위계적 다중회귀분석을 통해 이들 요인들이 불안전운전행동을 매개로 교통사고 횟수에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 결과: 위계적 다중회귀분석 결과, 직무요인(β: 0.122), 수면요인(β: 0.114), 그리고 불안전운전행동(β: 0.018)은 교통사고 횟수에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 불안전운전행동을 통해 교통사고 횟수에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 요인은 직무요인(β: 1.319), 정신건강요인(β: 6.429), 건강습관요인(β: 1.177)이었다. 결론: 본 연구 결과 택시 교통사고는 택시노동자의 일반적 특성, 정신건강상태, 직업적 특성이 불안전운전행동을 매개로 직·간접적인 영향을 미치고 있었으며, 효과적인 택시 교통사고 예방을 위해서는 이들 인적 요인에 대한 적절한 대책이 필요할 것이다. Objective: This study investigated the driving habits of taxi drivers, in order to examine the characteristics of human factors causing traffic accidents and unsafe driving behavior and to determine any relevancy among them. Method: Taxi drivers (N=335) answered a questionnaire investigating various measures of human factors, unsafe driving behaviors, and number of traffic accident experiences in the previous year. In factor analysis, the characteristics of human factors were classified into 5 common factors: job, mental health, age, health habit and sleep factor. A contextual mediated model was proposed to distinguish the distal (5 common factors) and proximal (unsafe driving behaviors) factors in predicting traffic accident involvement by hierarchical multiple regression. Result: In hierarchical multiple regression, job factor(β: 0.122), sleep factor (β: 0.114) and unsafe driving behaviors (β: 0.018) yielded a direct effect on the rate of traffic accidents. Mental health factor β: 6.429), job factor (β: 1.319) and health habit factor(β: 1.177) yielded a indirect effect on the rate of traffic accidents by unsafe driving behaviors. Conclusion: Various human factors co-related by the unique characteristics that exist in the taxi service industry have significant effects on the rate of traffic accidents mediated by unsafe driving behaviors. Therefore a proper countermeasure against these factors should be established in order to effectively reduce the rate of taxi accidents.

인문,사회과학편 : 프로야구 여성관중의 라이프스타일에 따른 참여동기가 참여행동에 미치는 영향

홍슬아(SeulAhHong),조광민(KwangMinCho),진지형(JiHyungChin) 한국체육학회 2006 한국체육학회지 Vol.45 No.1

The purpose of this study is to suggest a marketing strategy to attract more woman spectators by researching the effect of participation motivation based on lifestyle of professional baseball woman spectators on participation behavior.Total of 860 woman spectators were surveyed from Seoul(2), Inchon, Suwon, Daejon, Daegu, Busan and Gwangju, of which 717 questionnaires were qualified for the study using convenience sampling method. reliability analysis, factor analysis, frequence analysis and multiple regression analysis were carried in accordance with the purpose of the study by using SPSS Version 12.0.Following results were obtained through above analysis.Primarily, it appeared all factors but complaint factor and catharsis factor were correlated, and conservativeness affected all factors in participation motivation factors. Also, achievement appeared to affect catharsis, complaint and social relation factor had an effect on nativeness factor.Secondly, it showed all factors except nativeness factor and visiting period were correlated. Attachment, thrill and entertaining factors influenced all factors in participation behavior. Game and player factor had an impact on all participation behavior factors but concentration. Catharsis affected visiting frequency, visiting period, awareness of marketing strategies and player strength, and nativeness was related to awareness of player's strength. That is all other factors in participation motivation influenced the awareness of player's strength.

Adolescent Smoking Behaviors and the Related Risk Factors in Korea: A Descriptive Literature Review

Moon In-Ok Korean Society for Health Education and Promotion 2004 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.21 No.4

This study conducted descriptive literature review on adolescent smoking and the related factors to realize significance of adolescent smoking onset in Korea and to identify risk factors of smoking incidence. Korean adolescent smoking status was generated based on the cumulated data of the Korean Association of Smoking and Health. Risk factors of adolescent smoking were identified based on 18 studies written in English, with cross-sectional research design and published as a peer-reviewed journal article between 1994 and 2003. The results were as follows. 1. Korean adolescent smoking rate was the highest among OECD affiliated countries; in particular, male adolescent smoking incidence was very serious. 2. Risk factors related to smoking of adolescent population were personal factor, friend factor, family factor, and mass-media factor. Demographic characteristics, attitudes on smoking, and willingness of smoking, and health behaviors were selected as personal factor of smoking. 3. Best friends smoking was a strong factor of students' smoking set. Prevalent popularity of smoking in peer-group allowed students to feel free to smoking. 4. Concerning family factor related to smoking status, parents' smoking and sibling's smoking were significant indicators of adolescent smoking status. 5. Seeing smoking behaviors and scenes through films, TV shows, drama, and advertisement was a significant risk factor of adolescent smoking status.