R-tree 인덱스에서 수명을 가지는 공간 객체에 대한 효율적 갱신 처리 방법

김병준(Byeongjun Kim),송인철(Inchul Song),김명호(Myoung Ho Kim) 한국정보과학회 2011 정보과학회논문지 : 데이타베이스 Vol.38 No.4

최근 수명을 가지는 공간 객체를 다루는 LBS 시스템이 주목을 받고 있다. 특히 스마트 폰의 대중화로 인해 수명을 가진 공간 객체의 수가 증가하고 있으며, 이는 대표적인 공간 객체 색인인 R-tree에서 빈번한 갱신을 발생시킨다. 기존 R-tree 갱신과 관련된 연구는 이동객체에 대한 갱신 기법을 주로 다루고 있다. 본 연구에서는 수명을 가진 공간 객체가 다수 존재하는 환경에서 R-tree를 효율적으로 갱신하기 위한 기법을 제안한다. 공간 객체가 수명을 가진다는 사실을 적극적으로 활용함으로써 본 연구에서는 새로운 색인 구조인 deferred RR-tree를 제안한다. 또한 기존 연구와의 성능 비교를 통해 제안하는 기법의 효율성을 검증한다 A location-based service with spatial objects having lifetime constraints has received much attention in recent years. With the increasing prevalence of smartphones, the number of spatial objects with lifetime constraints is increasing, and this incurs frequent updates on the R-tree, which is a representative spatial index. The previous work mainly considers an efficient R-tree update method over moving object databases. In this paper, we propose a method for updating R-tree over a large number of spatial objects with lifetime constraints. Based on the fact that spatial objects have lifetime constraints, we propose a new index, called deferred RR-tree. We also verify the superiority of our proposed method through experimental evaluation.

위상적 무결성 제약조건과 능동 규칙을 사용한 제약조건 관리 시스템

박주훈,홍의경 서울시립대학교 산업기술연구소 1998 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.6 No.2

A research area in GIS(Geographical Information System) has been so far focused on the data modeling, and on the efficient storing method, and on the indexing method of spatial objects, etc.. We can classify spatial errors as geometric errors, semantic errors and topological errors. The topological errors are of great importance in GIS data consistency. Topological errors, which are a kind of semantic errors, are based on topological relationships. Errors detected in GIS data come from the lack of cognition of topological relationships between spatial objects stored in database. Topological relationships will help finding errors and correcting them in GIS data. In this paper, we will survey several papers about spatial errors, and describe the definition process of the topological integrity constraints. We will also survey existing active DBMSS, and discuss how we can use active rules in constraints maintenance. Then, we will design and implement topological integrity maintenance system.

Multiscale Spatial Position Coding under Locality Constraint for Action Recognition

Yang, Jiang-feng,Ma, Zheng,Xie, Mei The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.4

– In the paper, to handle the problem of traditional bag-of-features model ignoring the spatial relationship of local features in human action recognition, we proposed a Multiscale Spatial Position Coding under Locality Constraint method. Specifically, to describe this spatial relationship, we proposed a mixed feature combining motion feature and multi-spatial-scale configuration. To utilize temporal information between features, sub spatial-temporal-volumes are built. Next, the pooled features of sub-STVs are obtained via max-pooling method. In classification stage, the Locality-Constrained Group Sparse Representation is adopted to utilize the intrinsic group information of the sub-STV features. The experimental results on the KTH, Weizmann, and UCF sports datasets show that our action recognition system outperforms the classical local ST feature-based recognition systems published recently.

Multiscale Spatial Position Coding under Locality Constraint for Action Recognition

Jiang-feng Yang,Zheng Ma,Mei Xie 대한전기학회 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.4

In the paper, to handle the problem of traditional bag-of-features model ignoring the spatial relationship of local features in human action recognition, we proposed a Multiscale Spatial Position Coding under Locality Constraint method. Specifically, to describe this spatial relationship, we proposed a mixed feature combining motion feature and multi-spatial-scale configuration. To utilize temporal information between features, sub spatial-temporal-volumes are built. Next, the pooled features of sub-STVs are obtained via max-pooling method. In classification stage, the Locality- Constrained Group Sparse Representation is adopted to utilize the intrinsic group information of the sub-STV features. The experimental results on the KTH, Weizmann, and UCF sports datasets show that our action recognition system outperforms the classical local ST feature-based recognition systems published recently.

피터 핼리(Peter Halley)의 기하추상

고은주(Ko, Eunjoo) 서양미술사학회 2015 서양미술사학회논문집 Vol.42 No.-

본 논문은 피터 핼리(Peter Halley, 1953 ~ )의 기하추상에서 보이는 ‘공간의 사회학’ 에 관한 연구이다. 핼리의 작품에 관한 기존의 논의는 주로 장 보드리야르(Jean Baudrillard)의 ‘시뮬라시옹(Simulation)’ 개념을 중심으로 후기구조주의 관점에서 해석되었다. 핼리는 1980년부터 현재까지 ‘공간’의 개념을 바탕으로 자신의 회화와 이를 뒷받침하는 수사학을 계속해서 발전시켰지만 지속된 후기구조주의 관점으로 인해 이러한 변화들은 잘 알려지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 그의 작품을 보드리야르의 개념에 한정하지 않고 ‘공간’에 관한 사회학적 맥락에서 살펴보고자 한다. 핼리는 기하추상에 ‘감옥’ 도상을 사용하면서 기하추상을 사회적 의미에서 해석하는 접근방식을 취하였다. 그는 기하학적인 예술의 본질과 역사적인 과정을 탐구하면서 이상적이고 정신적으로 해석되었던 기하추상에 반대하며 기하학의 부정적인 의미에 초점을 두었다. 이 과정에서 핼리는 미셸 푸코(Michel Foucault), 노르베르트 엘리아스(Norbert Elias), 리처드 세넷(Richard Sennett)의 ‘권력과 통제’의 메커니즘을 기하추상에 접목시켰다. 그는 기하학이 사회에서 어느 특정한 시기에 특정한 일원들의 목표와 목적에 근본적으로 관련이 있음을 작품을 통해 드러냈다. 핼리의 기하추상에서 ‘감옥’ 도상의 의미는 개인의 심리적인 고독과 공간적인 고립을 넘어 도시의 공간, 대중 매체, 디지털 기술 공간으로 확장되었다. 결과적으로 ‘감옥’ 도상은 핼리가 공간의 개념을 확장시키는 촉진제였고 핼리는 ‘공간의 제약’을 발전시켰다. 논문은 기하학에 관한 지속적인 탐구를 바탕으로 핼리의 작품이 특정한 사회학적 혹은 철학적 사유에 의존하는 것이 아니라 포스트모던 도시화의 공간적 제약과 20세기 후반 테크놀로지의 헤게모니와 관련된 것임을 제시할 것이다. This paper is a study on ‘spatial sociology’ seen in geometric abstraction of Peter Halley (1953 ~). The existing discussions interpreted Halley"s works from the perspective of post-structuralism centered on ‘simulation’ of Jean Baudrillard. Halley continued to develop his paintings and the rhetoric that supports them it from 1980 till now, but these changes were not known due to the continued perspective of post-structuralism. This study seeks to delve into the sociological context on ‘space’ without confining his artworks to the concept of Baudrillard. Halley took on the approach of interpreting geometric abstraction in a social sense by using the ‘prison’ icon. He focused on the negative aspect of geometry by opposing geometric abstraction that used to be interpreted rationally and psychologically following the exploration into the essence of geometric art and historical process. Throughout the course, Halley applied the mechanism of ‘power and control’ to geometric abstraction based on such concepts of Michel Foucault, Norbert Elias, Richard Sennett. In that way, he revealed that geometry was fundamentally linked to goals and purposes of members at a certain point in time in the society through his works. In Halley’s geometric abstraction, the meaning of the ‘prison’ icon has been expanded into urban space, mass media and a space of digital technology beyond individuals’ psychological solitude and spatial isolation. As a result, the ‘prison’ icon served as a stimulus for him to expand the spatial concept, and he developed ‘spatial constraints’ further. The study will suggest that based on continued exploration on geometry, his works do not depend on particular sociological or philosophical reasoning but are linked to the spatial constraints of the post-modern urbanization and the hegemony of the technologies of the late 20th centuries.

A Novel Brain Tumor Segmentation Method for Multi-Modality Human Brain MRIs

Tianming Zhan,Shenghua Gu,Lei Jiang,Yongzhao Zhan 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.11

Delineating brain tumor boundaries from multi-modality magnetic resonance images (MRIs) is a crucial step in brain cancer surgical and treatment planning. In this paper, we propose a fully automatic technique for brain tumor segmentation from multi-modality human brain MRIs. We first use the intensities of different modalities in MRIs to represent the features of both normal and abnormal tissues. Then, the multiple classifier system (MCS) is applied to calculate the probabilities of brain tumor and normal brain tissue in the whole image. At last, the spatial-contextual information is proposed by constraining the classified neighbors to improve the classification accuracy. Our method was evaluated on 20 multi-modality patient datasets with competitive segmentation results.

영유아 자녀돌봄 자원 공급 수준에 따른 지역사회 유형화

김소영,유재언 대한가정학회 2023 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.61 No.2

The aim of this study was to identify community-level childcare infrastructure for infants and toddlers and to use the data to categorize community types using K-Means cluster analysis with spatial constraints. Seven indicators of childcare resource supply were used for the purpose of categorization and the results revealed six types of community cluster. Communities in the Type 1 cluster provided sufficient parks, libraries, and kindergartens, but lacked pediatric facilities and private education institutions. This cluster comprised small cities and rural areas in Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Jeollabuk-do. The Type 2 cluster had numerous pediatric facilities and childcare centers, but lacked other childcare infrastructure. This comprised small and medium-sized cities in Gyeonggi-do, some areas in Chungcheongnam-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Gangwon-do bordering Gyeonggi-do. The Type 3 cluster comprised Busan, Daegu, and Gyeongsangnam-do, but had insufficient childcare infrastructure as a whole. Type 4 had the largest number of childcare centers, libraries, and private education institutions and comprised Jeollabuk-do, areas near Gwangju, and Jeju-do. Type 5, consisting of Seoul, Incheon and the southern part of Gyeonggi-do had many pediatric facilities and certified childcare centers, but lacked other childcare infrastructure. Type 6, being the rural areas and islands in Jeollanam-do, had sufficient kindergartens, but other infrastructure was insufficient. These results are expected to provide local government with policy implications in terms of relieving the childcare burden on residents with infants and toddlers.

Efficient Processing of Spatial Preference Queries in Spatial Network Databases

Cho, Hyung-Ju,Attique, Muhammad Korea Multimedia Society 2019 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.22 No.2

Given a positive integer k as input, a spatial preference query finds the k best data objects based on the scores (e.g., qualities) of feature objects in their spatial neighborhoods. Several solutions have been proposed for spatial preference queries in Euclidean space. A few algorithms study spatial preference queries in undirected spatial networks where each edge is undirected and the distance between two points is the length of the shortest path connecting them. However, spatial preference queries have not been thoroughly investigated in directed spatial networks where each edge has a particular orientation that makes the distance between two points noncommutative. Therefore, in this study, we present a new method called ALPS+ for processing spatial preference queries in directed spatial networks. We conduct extensive experiments with different setups to demonstrate the superiority of ALPS+ over conventional solutions.

Efficient Processing of Spatial Preference Queries in Spatial Network Databases

조형주,Muhammad Attique 한국멀티미디어학회 2019 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.22 No.2

Given a positive integer k as input, a spatial preference query finds the k best data objects based on the scores (e.g., qualities) of feature objects in their spatial neighborhoods. Several solutions have been proposed for spatial preference queries in Euclidean space. A few algorithms study spatial preference queries in undirected spatial networks where each edge is undirected and the distance between two points is the length of the shortest path connecting them. However, spatial preference queries have not been thoroughly investigated in directed spatial networks where each edge has a particular orientation that makes the distance between two points noncommutative. Therefore, in this study, we present a new method called ALPS+ for processing spatial preference queries in directed spatial networks. We conduct extensive experiments with different setups to demonstrate the superiority of ALPS+ over conventional solutions.

제약 기반의 공간 데이터베이스 모델링

우성구 ( Sung Koo Woo ),류근호 ( Keun Ho Ryu ) 한국지리정보학회 2009 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The CDB(Constraint Database) model is a new paradigm for massive spatial data processing such as GIS(Geographic Information System). This paper will identify the limitation of the schema structure and query processing through prior spatial database research and suggest more efficient processing mechanism of constraint data model. We presented constraint model concept, presentation method, and the examples of query processing. Especially, we represented TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) as a constraint data model which displays the height on a plane data and compared it with prior spatial data model. Finally, we identified that we were able to formalize spatial data in a simple and refined way through constraint data modeling. 지리정보시스템(GIS)과 같은 대용량 공간 데이터 처리에 대한 새로운 패러다임이 바로 제약 데이터베이스(CDB) 모델이다. 이 논문에서는 기존의 공간 데이터베이스의 관련연구를 통하여 스키마 구성 및 질의처리의 한계점을 찾아내고 보다 효율적인 처리방식의 제약 데이터 모델을 제안한다. 제약 데이터 모델의 개념, 표현방법, 질의처리의 예를 제시했으며, 특히 평면자료에 높이를 표시하는 불규칙 삼각망(TIN)을 제약 데이터 모델로 표현하고, 기존 공간 데이터 모델과 비교 평가했다. 우리는 제약 데이터모델링을 통하여 단순하고 우아하게 형식화할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.