벼 키다리병 방제를 위한 차아염소산나트륨 이용

신동범,고재덕,이봉춘,강인정,강항원 한국식물병리학회 2014 식물병연구 Vol.20 No.4

For application of sodium hypochlorite as a seed disinfectant to the control of bakanae disease caused by Gibberella fujikuroi in rice, we investigated the effects of sodium hypochlorite for antifungal activity, eliminating fungus from seeds and reducing disease occurrence in vitro and greenhouse. The viability of the pathogen was significantly reduced at 80 ml/l concentration of sodium hypochlorite, and the pathogens did not grow at over 100 ml/l concentration of sodium hypochlorite. The effect of eliminating fungus was 90% at treatment of 0.3% sodium hypochlorite solution to infected rice seeds for eight hours. When the rice seeds were soaked into 0.5% and 0.3% sodium hypochlorite solutions for twelve hours, the disease incidences of rice seedling were remarkably reduced to 4.3% and 4.7%, respectively, compared to 97.3% of non-treatment control. The rates of seedling stand were 29.1% and 26.9% higher with the sodium hypochlorite treatment than that of non-treatment control. When prochloraz and sodium hypochlorite was treated to naturally severely infested rice seeds with bakanae disease, the disinfection effect was higher than that of prochloraz alone treatment. When the seeds were soaked in sodium hypochlorite before or after prochloraz, the rate of seed contamination was low as 4.0% or 6.3%, respectively, compared to prochloraz alone as 13.7%. The disease incidence was low as 3.7% or 8.3%, respectively, compared to prochloraz alone as 14.3%. The disinfection effect of treatment with prochloraz after sodium hypochlorite was higher than that of treatment with prochloraz before sodium hypochlorite.

차아염소산나트륨이 비가열 엽경채류 중 병원성 대장균 사멸에 미치는 영향

김수진,방우석 한국식품위생안전성학회 2023 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.38 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite in eliminating Escherichia coli strains from leafy green and stem vegetables, which are frequently sold at community service centers. A cocktail of non-pathogenic E. coli and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (E. coli O157:H7) was used to artificially contaminate the vegetables (initial numbers of bacteria 7-8 log CFU/g). The contaminated vegetables were soaked in sodium hypochlorite for 5 min and then washed three times with running water. After the treatment, number of viable bacterial cells on the vegetables was estimated. Sodium hypochlorite treatment reduced the E. coli population by 1-2 log CFU/g on leafy green and stem vegetables, a significant reduction from the initial number. Further, sodium hypochlorite showed better antimicrobial efficacy for leaves with a larger surface area, less roughness, and softness. There was no significant difference in the antimicrobial effect between 100 and 200 mg/kg of sodium hypochlorite. Therefore, it is not necessary to increase sodium hypochlorite concentration than the level suggested in the school meal hygiene management guidelines. However, sodium hypochlorite treatment is not sufficient to achieve a safe level of microorganisms on leafy green and stem vegetables since they generally have a high abundance of microorganisms on their surface. Thus, an alternative cooking method for fresh leafy green and stem vegetables in summer should be developed to ensure they are safe for consumption. 본 연구는 집단급식소에서 제공되는 빈도수가 높은 비가열 및 가열조리 엽경채류에 사용되는 차아염소산나트륨수에 대하여 미생물적 안전성을 평가하고자 수행되었다. 비병원성 대장균과 장출혈성 대장균의 칵테일(E. coli O157:H7)을 엽경채류(초기 균수 7-8 log CFU/g)에 인위적으로 오염시킨 후 차아염소산나트륨을 5분간 침지 후 흐르는 물에 3번 씻어서 생균수를 측정하였다. 실험 결과 초기 오염물질에 비해 살균효과가 1-2 log CFU/g 저감화하여 대조군에 대해 유의적인 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 잎채소의 특성에 따라 약간의 차이가 있었는데 표면적이 클수록, 덜 거칠고 잎이 부드러울수록 살균효과가 높았다. 200 mg/kg으로 처리하였을 때 100 mg/kg에 비해 0.1-0.3 log CFU/g만큼 효과가 더 감소하였으나 농도 증가에 따른 유의적 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 그러므로 학교급식위생관리지침에서 제시한 기준 이상으로 차아염소산나트륨 농도를 높이는 것은 불필요하다고 판단된다. 그러나 잎채소는 일반적으로 미생물의 초기 오염도가 높기 때문에 차아염소산나트륨 처리만으로는 안전한 수준의 저감을 달성하기 어려워 생물학적 위험이 잔존한다. 따라서 여름철에 가열하지 않은 잎채소의 대체 조리방법을 개발하는 것이 안전성에 보다 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

차아염소산나트륨 용액과 고압증기멸균이 근관치료용 니켈-타이타늄 파일의 주기적 피로 파절에 미치는 영향

조혜영,정일영,이찬영,김의성 大韓齒科保存學會 2008 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.33 No.1

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sodium hypochlorite and steam autoclaving on the cyclic fatigue of nickel-titanium endodontic files. Two types of files with a .06 taper and #30 were used, K3^(ⓡ) (SybronEndo, Glendora, California, USA) and Hero642^(ⓡ)(Micro-Mega, Besancon, France). The files were divided into 6 experimental groups containing 10 files each group depending the soaking time in 6% sodium hypochlorite solution and number of cycles of steam autoclave. After sterilization, a cyclic fatigue test was performed on each file, and the fracture time was recorded in seconds. The control group underwent the cyclic fatigue test only. After the test, the surface characteristics of the files were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All groups containing the Hero 642^(ⓡ) files showed a similar cyclic fatigue fracture time. However, the cyclic fatigue fracture time with the K3^(ⓡ) files was significantly shorter in groups which were treated with sodium hypochlorite than in the control group (P < 0.05). SEM revealed both Hero642^(ⓡ) and K3^(ⓡ) files to have significant corrosion on the file surface in groups treated with sodium hypochlorite, compared with the sharp and regular blades of the control group. K3^(ⓡ) files showed more corrosion than the Hero642^(ⓡ) files. Bluntness of the blades of the K3^(ⓡ) file was observed in groups treated with steam autoclave. Although there was no obvious destruction on the surface of steam autoclaved Hero642^(ⓡ) files, slight bluntness was observed. Sterilizing with a steam autoclave is much less destructive to K3^(ⓡ) files than sodium hypochlorite. The longer time exposed to sodium hypochlohte, the more destructive pattern was shown on the blades of the files. Therefore, when using sodium hypochlorite solution, the exposure time should be as short as possible in order to prevent corrosion and increase the cyclic fatigue fracture time. 본 연구에서는 차아염소산나트륨 용액 및 고압증기멸균이 근관 치료용 Ni-Ti 파일의 주기적 피로 파절에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 파일 첨단 크기가 #30이고 .06 taper를 가지는 Hero 642^(ⓡ)와 K3^(ⓡ)파일 70개를 10개씩 7개의 군으로 나누었으며, 6% 차아염소산나트륨 용액에 15분 (N15군), 30분 (N30군),고압증기멸균은 121 ℃의 온도, 0.12 ㎫의 압력에서 20 분간 시행하는 것을 일 회로 하여 5회 (H5군), 10회 (H10), 고압증기멸균 5회 후 차아염소산나트륨 용액 15분 (H5N15),고압증기멸균 10회 후 차아염소산나트륨 용액 30분 (H10N30) 처리 후 주기적 피로 파절 실험을 수행하여 파일이 파절될 때까지의 시간을 초 단위로 측정하였다. 대조군은 전처리를 하지 않고 주기적 피로 파절을 시행하였다. 95%의 신뢰도로 one-way analysis of variance를 이용하여 통계 처리하였으며 , 다중 비교는 Tukey방법으로 분석하였다. 파일의 표면을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 주기적 피로 파절에 소요된 시간은 Hero 642^(ⓡ)는 각 군별로 유의할 만한 차이가 없었으며, K3^(ⓡ)는 N15, N30, H5N15군에서 대조군에 비해 짧은 시간이 소요된 것으로 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 주사전자 현미경에서 관찰했을 때 Hero 642^(ⓡ)와 K3^(ⓡ) 모두 N15, N30 군에서 파일의 표면과 날이 부식이 되어 대조군에서 관찰된 일정방향으로 배열된 정형화된 예리한 빗살무늬가 부분적으로 파괴된 형태가 관찰되었으며 ,N15군에 비해 N30군에서 파일의 형태가 파괴된 양상이 뚜렷했으며 ,Hero 642^(ⓡ)보다 K3^(ⓡ)가 심하게 부식된 양상이었다. H5군과 H10군에서는 K3^(ⓡ)파일은 날 부분이 무디어진 양상을 보였고, Hero 642^(ⓡ)는 형태 파괴가 뚜렷하지 않았으나 H10군에서 표면의 빗살무늬가 약간 무디어진 양상을 보였다. H5N15군과 H10N30군에서는 그다지 뚜렷한 형태변화는 없었다. 본 연구 결과 K3^(ⓡ)파일을 사용 시에는 가능한 한 차아염소산나트륨에 적은 시간 노출 시키는 것이 파일의 부식으로 인한 형태의 손상을 방지 할 수 있고, 주기적 피로 파절에 걸리는 시간도 감소시킬 수 있을 것이다.

지하유류비축기지의 미생물학적 클로깅 방지용 살균제 효과 비교

박형준,이종운,김건영,오세중 한국자원공학회 2012 한국자원공학회지 Vol.49 No.3

Sodium hypochlorite which is currently used in water curtain system of underground hydrocarbon storage caverns for prevention of microbial clogging has been reported to produce carcinogenic trihalomethanes after reaction with organic materials. Thus investigation on environmentally safe, alternative bactericides is required. In this study, comparison of the efficacy of organic bactericides, trichloroisocyanuric acid and peracetic acid, in addition to sodium hypochlorite was conducted through broth dilution method for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and an indigenous bacterium, Cupriavidus sp. The results showed that bactericidal power appeared to be in the order of peracetic acid > trichloroisocyanuric acid > sodium hypochlorite. Biofilm artificially developed on the surface of fracture in rock core was treated with 5 ppm peracetic acid. The bactericide appeared to effectively kill planktonic bacteria and increase the effluent volume through the rock core, which indicated that peracetic acid also removed biofilm to some extent. 현재 지하 유류비축기지 수장막 시스템의 미생물학적 클로깅을 방지하기 위하여 주로 사용되는 차아염소산나트륨은 유기물질과 반응할 경우 발암물질인 트리할로메탄을 형성하므로 보다 친환경적인 대체 살균제에 관한 조사가 필요한 실정이다. 유기계 살균제인 삼염화이소시아눌산과 과산화초산을 대상으로 하여 살균력 비교를 위해 액체배지희석법을 적용하였다. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1과 석유공사 비축기지 현장에서 분리한Cupriavidus sp.의 두 종의 세균에 대하여 조사한 결과, 살균력은 과산화초산 > 삼염화이소시아눌산 > 차아염소산나트륨의 순인 것으로 나타났다. 암석 코어 열극면에 바이오필름을 형성한 후 과산화초산 5 ppm을 주입한 결과, 자유유영 상태의 세균을 효과적으로 살균함은 물론, 삼출수량이 일부 증가하는 것으로 나타나 바이오필름 제거에도 어느 정도 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Health effects of sodium hypochlorite: review of published case reports

Insung Chung,Hyeseung Ryu,Seong-Yong Yoon,Jea Chul Ha 환경독성보건학회 2022 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.37 No.1

Sodium hypochlorite is widely used as the main component of cleaners and has an excellent bleaching and sterilizing effect in living and medical environments. In addition to bleaching, it is used for wastewater treatment and for sterilization in food factories, and also for disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study analyzed reports of the health effects of sodium hypochlorite and classified them by toxicity along the exposure pathway. Most case reports described the health effects of acute high-concentration exposure, with a common case being dental exposure, mainly during treatment.

가정용 표백제에 의한 차아염소산 나트륨 중독의 진단 및 치료

문정미,전병조,조용수 대한의사협회 2023 대한의사협회지 Vol.66 No.2

Background: Sodium hypochlorite is commonly used as a household bleaching agent (for example, the Clorox brand). Sodium hypochlorite poisoning with ingestion of a bleaching agent is often observed in clinical practice. Current Concepts: Ingestion (intentional or accidental) is the most common route of exposure to household bleaching agents. Accidental ingestion of household bleaching agents is rarely clinically important. However, ingestion of a large amount of a dilute formulation or a high-concentration preparation of bleaching agents can result in severe and rarely fatal corrosive injury. Therefore, prompt supportive care is essential because a specific antidote is currently unavailable. Severe poisoning requires hospital admission. Emergency endoscopy and thoracic and abdominal computed tomography are warranted to aid with diagnosis and management of hypochlorite-induced corrosive injury in patients with severe poisoning, who develop clinical features suggestive of corrosive injury. Discussion and Conclusion: Intentional poisoning, which accounts for most cases of household bleaching agent poisonings in Korea, is likely to cause severe corrosive injuries. Therefore, it is necessary to gain deeper and accurate understanding of the clinical aspects and treatment of poisoning by household bleaching agents.

상아질 접착에 대한 치아염소산 나트륨 용액의 영향

박병철 ( Byung Cheol Park ),이명선 ( Myeong Seon Lee ),조영곤 ( Young Gon Cho ) 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2012 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.36 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of 5% sodium hypochlorite solution on dentin surfaces treated with three different adhesives. Materials and Methods Ocdusal superficial dentin surfaces of 42 extracted teeth were exposed. Slabs were made and divided into three groups (One-Step Plus, Clearfil SE Bond, and G-Bond groups). Each group was subdivided according to dentin treatment. Composite resins were bonded to dentin surfaces of each group. Bonded specimens were subjected to uSBS test and fractured patterns observed under FE-SEM. Results: When the One-Step Plus was applied, application of 5% NaOCl increases uSBS and s h o d dose adaptation. On the other hand, in cases of Clearfd SE Bond and G-Bond, application of 5% NaOCl decreased uSBS and showed gaps between the dentin and composite resin. Conclusion: Application of 5% NaOCl increased or decreased dentinal band strength according to the adhesive used. Keywords: Dentin surfaces, Self-etching adhesives, Self-etching primers. Sodium hypochlorite. Phosphoric acid

수영장에서 소독제 분말 가스 폭발에 의한 흡입화상 2례

이수진,박은영,김미란,이건희,김광남,Lee, Su Jin,Park, Eun Young,Kim, Mi Ran,Lee, Kon Hee,Kim, Kwang Nam 대한소아청소년과학회 2003 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.46 No.2

국내 소아에서는 아직 화학 물질 흡입화상에 대한 보고가 없는 상태로 저자들은 수영장 창고에서 수영장 물의 살균, 소독제인 이염화이소시안산 나트륨과 차아염소산 칼슘을 잘못 혼합하던 중 발생한 소독제 분말 가스 폭발 반응에 노출되어 급격한 호흡 곤란증이 있었던 증례 2례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Of all toxic inhalant exposures, chlorine is one of the most common toxic chemical inhalants. When acutely inhaled, it can be responsible for symptoms ranging from upper air way irritation to more serious respiratory effects. It can also deteriorate lung function and lead to death. Chlorine and its compounds such as chlorinated cyanurates and hypochlorites are commonly used in water disinfection. The chemical agents discussed in this article are sodium dichloroiso cyanurate and calcium hypochlorite which are the two most popular products for swimming pool chlorination. They are both strong oxidizing agents which are soluble in water. Between the above two alkali agents, acid-base interaction occurred and generated heat. And the acid drove the combination of hypochlorous and chloride ions to form chlorine gas. We have experienced, two boys who had inhalation injuries caused by an accidental explosion which occurred in a swimming pool by mixing two different chlorinating agents : sodium dichloroiso cyanurate and calcium hypochlorite. The children suffered from respiratory difficulties after the exposure. They both required intensive care management and one needed the support of mechanical ventilation.

Removal of Herbicide Glyphosate in a Drinking Water Treatment System

Angsuputiphant Navee,Jang Eok Kim 한국환경농학회 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.2

The removal efficiency of herbicide glyphosate in a drinking water treatment system was investigated. Four major processes of a drinking water treatment system were selected and experiments were performed separately including; treatments by sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), a sedimentation process by PAC (polyaluminum chloride), ozonation and a GAC (granular activated carbon) treatment. In the sodium hypochlorite experiment, about 50% of the glyphosate was removed by 2 mg/L of hypochlorite and more than 90% was eliminated when 5 mg/L of NaOCl was applied. Also, AMPA, the main metabolite of glyphosate, was treated with hypochlorite. More than 30% of the AMPA was removed by 2 mg/L of hypochlorite and 50% by 5 mg/L. In the PAC experiment, it was determined that more than 60% could be removed. Further experiments were performed and the results indicated that the removed amount was dependent upon the amount of soil and upon the properties of the soil especially that of clay minerals. Ozonation could oxidize glyphosate to its byproducts at about a level of 50%. In contrast, when 1 mg/L of glyphosate was treated with GAC, the amount removed was negligible. The results of this experiment were conclusive. We confirmed that drinking water, which has been contaminated with water polluted with glyphosate can be effectively purified by the application of the drinking water treatment processes currently used.

A simple and effective method for addition silicone impression disinfection

Azevedo, Maria Joao,Correia, Ines,Portela, Ana,Sampaio-Maia, Benedita The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2019 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.11 No.3

PURPOSE. Although dental impression disinfection is determinant to reduce the cross-infection risk, some studies have shown that, in real practice, the disinfection procedures vary considerably. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness and the impact on the dimensional stability of addition silicone' impressions of water wash and the most clinically used disinfection solutions: 3% hydrogen peroxide, commercial disinfectant MD520 (Durr) and 1% and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. MATERIALS AND METHODS. For this investigation, dental impressions were taken on 16 volunteer dental students. The antimicrobial effectiveness of each procedure was evaluated by pour plate method. The dimensional stability was evaluated using a standardized stainless-steel model, according to ANSI/ADA nº19 specification. RESULTS. The study results showed that water wash does not alter the dimensional stability of addition silicone impressions but doesn't reduce the microbial load of the material (P>.05). On the other hand, addition silicone disinfection by immersion with 3% hydrogen peroxide, MD520 (Durr), or sodium hypochlorite at 1% and 5.25% does not alter the dimensional stability significantly but reduces > 99.9% of the microbial load of the impressions (P<.001). CONCLUSION. Addition silicone impressions should always be disinfected after water wash in order to reduce effectively the cross-infection risk. All disinfectants tested showed high antimicrobial efficiency without significant changes in three-dimensional shape of impressions. Hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite are of particular importance because are easily accessible in dental setting. The less explored hydrogen peroxide could be a valuable alternative for silicone impressions disinfection.