EXPLORING SOCIAL MEDIA SEVICES OF GLOBAL FASHION BRANDS: DOES CUSTOMER SOCIAL PARTICIPATION HAVE AN IMPACT ON CUSTOMER EQUITY?

Heeju Chae,Eunju Ko,Jinghe Han 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.8

Social media, Web 2.0 based social activity and powerful marketing tool, brought about a new paradigm for the 21st century culture and society. In line with the trend, the fashion industry is vigorously undertaking marketing activities on social media, seeking to build and maintain relationships with their customers through the Internet and mobile devices. The one-way provision of information by firms to customers has evolved to a symmetrical form of customers, whereby the customers also supply information to the firms share information with other customers. Through social media services, customers not only share their thoughts and experiences but also exchange tangible products and publicize the products, thereby directly participating in production and marketing activities of brands. Such participation of consumers offers inspirations for differentiated service on the part of the brands, for which proactive and long-term participatory activities of customers are required. Customer participation is of primary importance in current service marketing industry. Until now, related literature on customer participation has mostly centered on offline service situations. However, the advent of social media has simplified the process of participation for customers, and invoking voluntary customer participation has become the greatest challenge facing service industries, and, at the same time, the path to success. Those of us who live in the age of information technology are offered the opportunity to engage in two-way communication with other customers, the brand, and the media. Thus, customer participation is just as, if not, more important in an online environment. More and more customers are becoming directly involved in brand activities, which affect the brands as well as the customers themselves. Nonetheless, extant customer participation research focuses on developing constructs that are largely based on offline situations. Although such constructs correspond in part to the online setting, they fall short of meeting the unique characteristics of customer participation in social media. Therefore, in order to establish constructs for customer participation in social media, revision and supplementation of the offline-based constructs were found to be necessary. Based on interaction theory, this study explored the notion of customer participation in fashion brands’ social networking site (SNS) service by categorizing it into three types: customer-customer, customer-brand, and customer-media participation. In addition, it examined the external factors that influence customer social participation and how active social participation of customers in SNS affects trust and customer equity. The association between measurement variables according to the brand type was also closely examined. This study underwent two pre-tests to revise and supplement the survey items on customer social participation. A preliminary investigation was conducted on 516 respondents, and a total of 582 respondents participated in the main investigation. The respondents who were invited to participate lived in Korea, were in their 20s or 30s, and had previous experience in using fashion brands’ SNS service, SPSS 18.0 was used to conduct frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and t-test. Based on the results, AMOS 18.0 was used to undergo confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results of the study are summarized as follows. Based on the brand type (SPA and luxury) and the rate of sales, Uniqlo, a global SPA brand that boasts the largest number of SNS fans, and Louis Vuitton, a global luxury brand, were chosen for the study. The respondents consisted of consumers in their 20s and the 30s who, within the last six months, had previous experience in using the SNS service of the brands. The sample consisted of 40.7% male and 59.6% female, and 72.5% were in their 20s and 27.5% in 30s. A large percentage of the respondents were students (64.9%). The large proportion of university students reflects the trend of most active users of SNS being university students. Second, SNS service shopping context found positive association with customer-customer participation and customer-brand participation, but customer-media participation was insignificant. The results show that as the SNS is characterized by its linkage to different websites and platforms, customers are exposed to constant opportunities for participation. On the other hand, customer-media participation was found to be insignificant, which can be interpreted as indiscriminate constant supply of information that seeks to spur impulsive buying leading to antagonism of the customers. Such negative situations can be avoided by departing from indiscriminate provision of information to offering information that is customized to the needs and demands of each customer and invoking the customer to participate in information delivery. Third, SNS participation motivation and customer social participation were all positively associated. In particular, customer-media participation demonstrated the strongest influence, followed by customer-customer and customer-brand participation. As such, active participation of the customer with the brand is the most effective way to create collaborative, synergy effect or co-creation. Fourth, all routes from SNS user orientation to customer social participation were significant. SNS users in general possessed high levels of self-efficacy and tended to feel elevated as well as find altruistic pleasure in providing information that would help others. Such users participate through numerous ways such as customer-brand and customer-media participation but were the most active in customer-customer participation. Fifth, it was found that customer-customer and customer-brand participation builds trust of the customers toward the SNS service and the information or the information provider. However, cu

EXPLORING SOCIAL MEDIA SEVICES OF GLOBAL FASHION BRANDS: DOES CUSTOMER SOCIAL PARTICIPATION HAVE AN IMPACT ON CUSTOMER EQUITY?

Heeju Chae,Eunju Ko,Jinghe Han 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

Social media, Web 2.0 based social activity and powerful marketing tool, brought about a new paradigm for the 21st century culture and society. In line with the trend, the fashion industry is vigorously undertaking marketing activities on social media, seeking to build and maintain relationships with their customers through the Internet and mobile devices. The one-way provision of information by firms to customers has evolved to a symmetrical form of customers, whereby the customers also supply information to the firms share information with other customers. Through social media services, customers not only share their thoughts and experiences but also exchange tangible products and publicize the products, thereby directly participating in production and marketing activities of brands. Such participation of consumers offers inspirations for differentiated service on the part of the brands, for which proactive and long-term participatory activities of customers are required. Customer participation is of primary importance in current service marketing industry. Until now, related literature on customer participation has mostly centered on offline service situations. However, the advent of social media has simplified the process of participation for customers, and invoking voluntary customer participation has become the greatest challenge facing service industries, and, at the same time, the path to success. Those of us who live in the age of information technology are offered the opportunity to engage in two-way communication with other customers, the brand, and the media. Thus, customer participation is just as, if not, more important in an online environment. More and more customers are becoming directly involved in brand activities, which affect the brands as well as the customers themselves. Nonetheless, extant customer participation research focuses on developing constructs that are largely based on offline situations. Although such constructs correspond in part to the online setting, they fall short of meeting the unique characteristics of customer participation in social media. Therefore, in order to establish constructs for customer participation in social media, revision and supplementation of the offline-based constructs were found to be necessary. Based on interaction theory, this study explored the notion of customer participation in fashion brands’ social networking site (SNS) service by categorizing it into three types: customer-customer, customer-brand, and customer-media participation. In addition, it examined the external factors that influence customer social participation and how active social participation of customers in SNS affects trust and customer equity. The association between measurement variables according to the brand type was also closely examined. This study underwent two pre-tests to revise and supplement the survey items on customer social participation. A preliminary investigation was conducted on 516 respondents, and a total of 582 respondents participated in the main investigation. The respondents who were invited to participate lived in Korea, were in their 20s or 30s, and had previous experience in using fashion brands’ SNS service, SPSS 18.0 was used to conduct frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and t-test. Based on the results, AMOS 18.0 was used to undergo confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results of the study are summarized as follows. Based on the brand type (SPA and luxury) and the rate of sales, Uniqlo, a global SPA brand that boasts the largest number of SNS fans, and Louis Vuitton, a global luxury brand, were chosen for the study. The respondents consisted of consumers in their 20s and the 30s who, within the last six months, had previous experience in using the SNS service of the brands. The sample consisted of 40.7% male and 59.6% female, and 72.5% were in their 20s and 27.5% in 30s. A large percentage of the respondents were students (64.9%). The large proportion of university students reflects the trend of most active users of SNS being university students. Second, SNS service shopping context found positive association with customer-customer participation and customer-brand participation, but customer-media participation was insignificant. The results show that as the SNS is characterized by its linkage to different websites and platforms, customers are exposed to constant opportunities for participation. On the other hand, customer-media participation was found to be insignificant, which can be interpreted as indiscriminate constant supply of information that seeks to spur impulsive buying leading to antagonism of the customers. Such negative situations can be avoided by departing from indiscriminate provision of information to offering information that is customized to the needs and demands of each customer and invoking the customer to participate in information delivery. Third, SNS participation motivation and customer social participation were all positively associated. In particular, customer-media participation demonstrated the strongest influence, followed by customer-customer and customer-brand participation. As such, active participation of the customer with the brand is the most effective way to create collaborative, synergy effect or co-creation. Fourth, all routes from SNS user orientation to customer social participation were significant. SNS users in general possessed high levels of self-efficacy and tended to feel elevated as well as find altruistic pleasure in providing information that would help others. Such users participate through numerous ways such as customer-brand and customer-media participation but were the most active in customer-customer participation. Fifth, it was found that customer-customer and customer-brand participation builds trust of the customers toward the SNS service and the information or the information provider. However, customer-media participation did not indicate the same results. In order to build trust through participation, brands need to provide an inviting environment for customers to post comments and share information. Furthermore, marketing strategies, such as offering events and coupons to stimulate E-WOM activities of customers as well as creating a space for open communication are vital to building trust. Sixth, customer-media participation was positively associated with customer equity. Unlike customer-customer and customer-brand participation which requires constant physical effort of the customer, customer-media participation demands considerably less time and effort apart from the initial stages during which customization process is undergone to receive tailored information with just one click. Therefore, establishing convenient and practical system that targets the Y-generation in their 20s and 30s is emphasized in order to maintain a long-term relationship. Seventh, trust is positively associated with customer equity. Building trust is based on interactivity among people. This study found that customer-customer participation and customer-brand participation influence customer equity through trust, while customer-media participation leads to customer equity without being mediated by trust. Therefore, all three types of participation are equally important to customer equity. Eighth, brand type was a meaningful moderator to the relationship between SNS service shopping context, SNS service user orientation, participation motivation, customer social participation, trust, and customer equity. To summarize, the type of participation to encourage is based on the brand type, and as customers may have different expectations according to the brand, it is important to understand their orientations and provide customized information or an open space for communication. In addition, participation behavior has a strong potential to influence customer equity, but depending on the type of participation, trust may not necessarily positively influence customer equity. Therefore, it is recommended that brands offer credible and sincere information that customers can trust and follow. The significance of this study is that it is one of the first studies to examine customer participation in a social media environment. At a point in time where customers’ value creation is attracting increased attention, this study empirically revealed that customer-media relationship, which enables customer-customer and customer-brand participation on SNS, is also within the bounds of participation. Furthermore, this study identified the importance of relational marketing approach to brand and customer through customer social participation. By applying the concept of customer equity, which is in its fledgling stage in the area of consumer fashion marketing, it offers a basis for future research on long-term relationship building with firms The limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed below. The sample of the study consisted of Koreans between the ages of 20 to 30. The limitation in the sample is inadequate to generalize the findings, and therefore, a comparative study with broader sample across culture and age is necessary. Moreover, this study observed customer participation on SNS environment. However, as there was a lack of preceding literature in this area, the measurement scales were revised and supplemented to fit the purpose of this study. The measurement instrument, therefore, needs to be further applied with different antecedents and consequences in subsequent research. Finally, due to the lack of previous literature on customer participation in SNS environment, the theoretical basis of the relationship between the variables lacked solidity. This study adapted a part of a theoretical framework to fit the context of the study to come up with the hypothesized relationship between the variables. Therefore, it is suggested that future research works toward developing and strengthening the theoretical framework of customer social participation.

사회복지사의 정치참여 결정요인에 관한 연구

오승환 한국지역사회복지학회 2023 한국지역사회복지학 Vol.- No.86

본 연구는 한국의 사회복지사의 정치참여 실태와 정치참여에 영향을 미치는 요인을발견하기 위한 연구이다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 2021년 한국사회복지사협회에서 실시한 사회복지사통계연감자료 중 사회복지시설근무 사회복지사를 대상자료를 사용하였다. 사회복지사의 정치참여에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 개인(자원)특성과 복지의식및 정치관련 의식 특성으로 나누어 살펴보았다. 먼저 사회복지사의 정치참여 경험에 대한 실태를 분석한 결과 14점 만점에 4.70점으로 나타났다. 14개 문항 중 대부분이 참여한 대통령선거와 국회의원선거 문항 2가지를제외한 12개 정치참여 항목 중 3개 이하의 정치활동에 참여한 매우 낮은 정치참여 수준을 보여주고 있다. 정치참여에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 결과, 개인변수 중에서는 여자보다는 남자가, 연령과 학력이 높을수록, 2급보다는 1급사회복지사가, 관리직일수록 그리고 생활시설보다는 이용시설 종사자의 정치참여가 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 복지의식에서는 정치참여 필요성을 높게 인식할수록, 복지이념이 진보적일수록 그리고 정치효능감이 높을수록정치참여가 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 분석결과에 따라서 사회복지사의 정치참여를 증대할 수 있도록 하는 사회복지사 정치참여에 대한 인식 제고, 사회복지사 특성에 따른 정책 개발, 정치참여 관련 교육체계의 개편, 정치효능감 제고 및 정치참여기회의 확대 등의 방안을 제시하였다. This study is to discover the status of social workers' political participation and analyze the factors that affecting political participation. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the statistical yearbook data of social workers conducted by the Korea Social Workers Association in 2021 were used. Factors affecting social workers' political participation were divided into individual (resource) characteristics, welfare consciousness, and political consciousness characteristics. First, as a result of analyzing the actual situation of social workers' experience in political participation, it was 4.70 points out of 14 points. Considering the results of 95% of social workers voting in the presidential and parliamentary elections, it is a very low level of political participations in less than 3 out of 12 political participation items. As a result of analyzing the factors affecting political participation, in individual variables, men were more likely to participate in politics than women, first degree certificate grade social workers were higher than second degree, social worker with a managerial position is more higher than line worker and social worker working in community facility than social worker in living facilities. In welfare consciousness, it was analyzed that the higher the need for political participation, the more progressive the welfare ideology, the higher the political efficacy, the higher the political participation As a result of this analysis, several improvement measures were proposed. Raising and spreading awareness of political participation, developing political participation measures suitable for the characteristics of social workers, reorganizing the social worker training education system, strengthening the social worker association's education and the expanding opportunity for social workers to participate in politics was suggested.

사회공헌활동 참여자의 참여활동만족과 사회자본이 참여효과에 미치는 영향

나동석(Ra, Dong-Seok) 사회복지정책실천회 2021 사회복지정책과 실천 Vol.7 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 충청북도의 사회공헌활동에 참여하는 참여자를 대상으로참여활동만족과 사회자본이 참여효과에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석해 보는 것이다. 참여자가 활동에 대한 만족하는 수준이 높을수록 참여에 대한 효과가 높을 것이며 특히, 사회공헌을 활동하는 과정에서 얻게 되는 사회자본이매개할 수 있다고 예측해 보았다. 그래서 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 참여활동만족과 참여효과의 관계에서 사회자본은 매개효과를 갖는가를 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 자료는 사회공헌활동 참여자 241명을 대상으로 조사하였고수집된 자료는 SPSS를 활용하여 통계분석하였으며 결과적으로 참여자의 참여활동만족과 참여효과의 관계에서 사회자본은 부분매개효과를 갖고 영향을 미친다는 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 사회공헌활동에 있어서 참여자의 참여활동만족이 참여효과에 영향을 미칠 때, 사회자본을 형성하면 참여활동만족과 함께 참여효과에 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 검증된 것이다. 따라서 사회공헌활동사업의 적합성을 파악하고 나아가 지속과 유지를 위한 개선을 마련하기 위하여 사회공헌활동의 참여효과를 높이는 방법으로 참여자가 활동에 대한 만족을 높이고 사회자본도 얻도록 하는 방법을 구축하는 방안을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the effect of participation activity satisfaction and social capital on the participation effectiveness of participants who participate in social contribution activities in Chungcheongbuk-do. It was predicted that the higher the level of satisfaction with the participation activities of the participants, the higher the effectiveness on participation. In particular, it was predicted that the social capital obtained in the process of social contribution activities could mediate. Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of this study, this study is to examine whether social capital has a mediating effect in the relationship between participation activity satisfaction and participation effectiveness. The data were surveyed on 241 participants in social contribution activities, and the collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS. Therefore, when participants’ satisfaction with participation in social contribution activities affects the effectiveness of participation, it has been verified that the formation of social capital has a greater effect on the effectiveness of participation and satisfaction with participation in social contribution activities. Therefore, in order to identify the suitability of the social contribution project and further improve the continuation and maintenance of the social contribution activity, a method to increase the participation effectiveness of the social contribution activity and a way to increase the satisfaction of the participants and to obtain social capital has been proposed.

중·고령자의 평생학습활동이 사회참여활동을 매개로 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향: 잠재성장모형을 활용한 종단 매개효과의 검증

이효영 ( Hyo-young Lee ) 연세대학교 사회과학연구소 2019 社會科學論集 Vol.50 No.2

본 연구는 중·고령자의 평생학습활동과 사회참여활동, 삶의 만족도가 시간이 경과함에 따라 어떠한 변화양상을 보이는지, 평생학습활동의 초기값과 변화율이 사회참여활동의 초기율과 변화율을 매개로 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는지를 분석하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 한국고용정보원의 고령화연구패널 데이터 중 2012~2016년까지의 제 4차, 5차, 6차 년도 자료를 바탕으로 다변량 잠재성장모형을 활용하여 분석하였다. 그리고 평생학습활동, 사회참여활동, 삶의 만족도의 변화 정도를 살펴보기 위하여 각 변인별로 단변량 잠재성장모형을 분석하였다. 분석결과 평생학습활동, 사회참여는 초기값과 변화율의 평균과 분산이 통계적으로 유의하여 선형변화모형으로 결정되었고, 삶의 만족도는 무변화 모형으로 결정되었다. 이론모형을 분석한 결과 첫째, 시간이 변화함에 따라 중·고령자의 평생학습활동과 사회참여활동은 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 평생학습활동과 사회참여활동의 초기값과 변화율은 삶의 만족도에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있었으며, 평생학습활동 초기값만이 사회참여활동 초기값에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 사회참여활동은 평생학습활동과 삶의 만족도를 부분 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 중·고령자의 평생학습활동 및 사회참여활동은 시간이 지남에 따라 삶의 만족도에 종단적으로도 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다. 평생학습활동은 직접적으로는 삶의 만족도 향상에 영향을 미치며, 간접적으로는 사회참여활동을 높여 삶의 만족도 향상에 기여하는 것으로 분석되었다. 즉, 평생학습활동은 삶의 만족도에 직접 영향을 미치기도 하지만, 사회참여활동을 매개로 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 의의는 평생학습활동, 사회참여활동, 삶의 만족도 변인들 간의 관계와 영향력을 시간경과에 따른 장기적 관점에서 단계적으로 분석하였다는 점이다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 시사점 및 제한점을 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to analyze how the lifelong learning participation, social participation activities, and life satisfaction of middle-aged and elderly people change over time. In addition, it will be analyzed that the initial value and the rate of change of lifelong learning participation influence on life satisfaction through the initial rate and rate of change of social participation. To this end, we analyzed the data using the multivariate potential growth model based on the aging research panel data of the Korea Employment Information Service (4th, 5th, and 6th year data from 2012 to 2016). In order to examine the changes in lifelong learning participation, social participation activities, and life satisfaction, the univariate latent growth model was analyzed for each variable. As a result, the lifelong learning participation and social participation were determined by the linear change model because the mean and the variance of the initial value and the change rate were statistically significant, and the life satisfaction was determined as the no change model. As a result of analyzing the theoretical model, first, the lifelong learning participation and social participation activities of the middle-aged and elderly increased significantly. Second, the initial values and rate of change in lifelong learning participation and social participation activities had a significant effect on life satisfaction. In addition, only the initial value of lifelong learning participation had a significant effect on the initial value of social participation activity. Third, social participation activities partially mediated lifelong learning participation and life satisfaction. It was confirmed that lifelong learning participation and social participation activities of the middle and old age also have a long-term effect on life satisfaction. Participation in lifelong learning directly affects life satisfaction and indirectly increases social participation and contributes to life satisfaction. In other words, lifelong learning activities directly influenced life satisfaction, but indirectly through social participation activities. The significance of this study is to analyze the relationship and influence between lifelong learning participation, social participation activity, and life satisfaction variables in stages from a long-term perspective over time. Based on the findings, implications and limitations were discussed.

왜 한국사회에서 정치적 사회참여는 감소하는가?

김남옥(Kim, Nam-Og),석승혜(Seok, Seung-Hye),장안식(Chang, Ansik) 한국이론사회학회 2016 사회와 이론 Vol.28 No.-

세계적으로 정치사회 문제에 대한 시민사회의 역할이 강조되는 가운데, 한국사회에서 사회참여는 점점 더 위축되어가는 듯하다. 본고는 한국사회가 저항적 참여를 통한 민주화를 이룩한 사회임에도 불구하고 점차 정치적 사회 ‘참여’는 감소하고 있는 상황에 주목한다. 이는 지구화, 유연화, 신자유주의의 구조적 변동으로 인한 불평등의 심화라는 외적 요인과 상시적 사회불안이라는 내적 요인이 복합적으로 얽혀 사회적 신뢰를 감소시킨 결과라고본다. 따라서 현재의 불평등 양상과 관련된 인정 변수인 차별태도, 갈등경험, 사회적 거리감과 사회불안이 사회적 신뢰와 정치적 사회참여에 영향을 미치고 있음을 검증함으로써, 한국사회에서 정치적 사회참여가 감소하는 요인과 그에 대한 정책적 함의를 모색하고자 하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 생활불안과 사회불안이 높을수록 정치적 사회참여는 유의미하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회적 인정과 관련된 변수와 정치적 사회참여와의 관계를 살펴보면, 갈등경험은 사회참여와 유의미한 관련성이 없으며, 차별태도와 사회적 거리감이 사회참여와 유의미한 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 다시 말해 개인이 가지는 차별태도가 높을수록, 즉 차별이 강할수록 사회참여는 낮아지는 반면, 집단 간 사회적 거리감에 대한 인식이 높아지면 정치적 사회참여는 증가한다. 마지막으로 한국사회에서 정치적 사회참여는 대인신뢰의 확대에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 반면, 제도신뢰는 아무런 역할을 하지 못하는 것으로나타났다. 결과적으로 사회적 불안은 정치적 사회참여를 감소시키는 핵심요인으로 지목할 수 있으며, 현재 한국사회의 대인신뢰와 제도신뢰의 불균형은 정치적 사회참여를 통한 거시적인 변화의 효과를 창출하는데 한계가 있음을 시사한다. The role of civil society is emphasized in the course of social and political issues around the globe. However, it seems that social/public participation has been shrunk in Korea. This study focuses on the decline in political and social participation even though Korean society was built upon the protests and resistance that helped bring about democracy. The decline in political and social participation in Korea is the result of the combination of two factors. The external factors can be defined as the deepening divide of inequality which was caused by globalization, the increase of flexibility, and neo-liberal social change and the internal factors can be named as a constant social insecurity which reduces social trust. Therefore, in this paper, we tries to tries to examine the cause of the decline in political and social participation in Korea and find out policy implications for the decline of social participation by analyzing how recognition variables such as discrimination attitudes, discrimination experience, and social distance, all of which related to current unequal phenomenon, and social insecurity measures influence on the level of social trust and the social/political participation, this study. The findings are as follows. First, life and social insecurities tend to significantly reduce the level of political participation. Second, based on the relationship between recognition variables and political participation, a level of conflict experience does not have any significant relationship with the participation, but discriminatory attitudes and perceptions of social distance have a significant influence on the level of participation. In other words, higher discriminatory attitudes tend to have a lower level of the participation, but a higher perception of social distance increases the participation. Finally, political participation in Korea is influenced by the expansion of trust in people, but trust in social institutions does not hold any significant relationship with political participation. It is suggested that current imbalance between the trust in people and the trust in social institutions in Korea has its limit to undergo substantial changes throughout political participation.

노인의 참여인식, 복지의식, 사회적 자본 간의 관계 연구

이주용,김봉화 한국자치행정학회 2019 한국자치행정학보 Vol.33 No.1

The purpose of this study is to understand how variously our social welfare programs are being supplied to the public, how the participation awareness and social capital affect the welfare awareness, and how the social capital mediate the participation awareness and welfare awareness of the elderly job and social activity support project which is one of the welfare services provided to the elderly. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted on 560 participants of the elderly job and social activity support project by random sampling method. As a result, 464 copies were collected and 419 copies were analyzed. In order to identify the characteristics of the elderly job and social activity support project and the degree of welfare awareness affected by participation awareness, we have set up a research model by organizing the theoretical basis for the selection of research topics, backgrounds and major variables based on the literature data. These results of survey were used for empirical analysis of the research model that was set, and this was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that participation awareness of the elderly job and social activity support project participants had a significant influence on welfare awareness and social capital, and social capital mediated the relationship between these two variables. As a result of analyzing the survey results based on the purpose of this study, implications were deduced in 3 aspects. First, it is meaningful as a research through empirical analysis of the differences of participation awareness, welfare awareness, and social capital according to the participation characteristics of participants. This survey can suggest future tasks and directions for the elderly job and social activity support project. Second, it is meaningful to establish an opportunity to recognize the necessity and importance of social capital as a mechanism to enhance the participation awareness and welfare awareness, having discrimination from existing researches as a study in which the social capital of the participant demonstrates the mediating effect between participation awareness and welfare awareness. Third, we expect to provide useful information to the elderly practitioners of the government and private institutions. It is meaningful to provide concrete data so that related policies and welfare policies of the elderly job and social activity support project could be set up. 우리나라의 사회복지 프로그램은 국민들에게 다양하게 공급되고 있으며 그중 노인들에게 제공되는 복지서비스의 하나인 노인 일자리 및 사회활동 지원사업에 대하여 참여자의 참여인식과 사회적자본이 복지의식에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 사회적자본이 참여자의 참여인식과 복지의식에 매개하는지 파악하는 것을 본 연구의 목적으로 하고 있다. 노인 일자리 및 사회활동 지원사업의 특성과 참여인식 정도가 복지인식에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위해 문헌자료를 중심으로 연구주제 선정, 배경 및 주요변수들에 대한 이론적 근거를 정리하고 연구모형을 설정하였다. 설정된 연구모형의 실증적 분석을 위해 설문조사를 활용하고 이를 근거 자료로 통계분석에 활용하였으며 그 결과는 노인 일자리 및 사회활동 지원사업 참여자의 참여인식은 복지의식과 사회적자본에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있었고 사회적자본은 이들 두 변수들의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 목적에 따른 조사결과를 종합하여 분석한 결과 첫째, 참여자의 참여특성에 따라 참여인식, 복지의식, 사회적자본의 차이에 대하여 실증조사 분석을 통해 노인 일자리 및 사회활동 지원사업에 대한 개선과제와 향후 지향점을 찾을 수 있다. 둘째, 참여자의 사회적자본이 참여인식과 복지의식 간의 매개효과가 있을을 밝힘으로서 사회적자본은 참여인식과 복지의식을 높여줄 수 있는 기제로서 사회적자본의 필요성과 중요성을 인식하는 계기를 마련하는데 의의가 있다. 셋째, 본 연구결과는 정부와 민간기관의 노인관련 실무자들에게 유용한 정보로 제공되기를 기대한다. 노인 일자리 및 사회활동 지원사업의 관련 정책이나 복지정책 관련 세부사항을 설정할 수 있도록 구체적 자료로 제공하였다는데 본 연구의 의의가 있다.

사회자본의 지역사회참여에 관한 연구

홍성모,황진수,류지성 한국동북아학회 2011 한국동북아논총 Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of social capital on community participation(political participation, horizontal participation, vertical participation and participation in volunteer work). Three selected factors of social capital that were norms, trust and network were selected as the independent variables, and how each of the variables affected community participation that was a dependent variable was investigated. The subjects in this study were 500 people who included employees and users of eight different social welfare centers and government workers in the city of Seoul. After a survey was conducted, the answer sheets from 432 respondents were selected except for the incomplete ones, and correlation analysis and regression analysis were carried out to analyze the causal relationship between social capital and community participation. As a result of making the regression analysis, network of social capital was found to have a statistically significant impact on political participation(p<.000, β=.197), and norms(p<.028, β=.119) and network(p<.000, β=.206) exerted a statistically significant influence on horizontal community participation. The vertical community participation was under the statistically significant influence of norms(p<.000, β=.204) and network(p<.000, β=.281), and volunteer-work participation had a statistical relationship to all the norms(p<.002, β=.159), trust(p<.001, β=.169) and network(p<.000, β=.225). It denoted that stronger trust in social capital led to better participation in volunteer work. The β value of the regression coefficient of network showed that it had a positive relationship to that, and the independent variables had a proportional relationship to the dependent variable. Given the findings of the study, it could be said that what matters the most is that individual citizens should change their mind-set and take a more active attitude to community participation. Even the best policy and a huge amount of budget don't necessarily guarantee the success of the policy. The most crucial prerequisite for that is a change of mind-set on the side of people concerned. A local community belongs to the citizens who live in it. Every citizen is the owner of the community where he or she lives, and citizens should regard the development of their community as that of their own with a sense of sovereignty and participate in local affairs. That seems to be one of the surest ways to ensure the genuine development of the local community. 본 연구는 사회자본이 지역사회참여(정치참여, 수평적 참여, 수직적 참여, 자원봉사참여)에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 검증해보기 위한 목적으로 실시되었다. 이를 위해 사회자본을 규범, 신뢰, 네트워크를 독립변수로 하였으며, 각각의 변수들이 종속변수인 지역사회참여에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 자료수집의 총 500부의 설문지를 배부하여 회수된 설문지 중 불성실 응답자 등을 제외한 432부를 표본으로 선정하였으며 사회자본과 지역사회참여에 대한 인과관계 분석을 위한 상관관계 분석 및 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 회귀분석의 결과 사회자본의 네트워크와 정치참여(p<.000, 베타=.197), 그리고 규범(p<.028, 베타=.119)과 네트워크(p<.000, 베타=.206)변수는 수평적 지역사회참여에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 수직적 지역사회참여에는 규범(p<.000, 베타=.204)과 네트워크(p<.000, 베타=.281)가 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 자원봉사참여에는 세 변수 모두가 통계적 연계성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 규범(p<.002, 베타=.159). 신뢰(p<.001, 베타=.169), 네트워크(p<.000, 베타=.225). 이는 사회자본의 신뢰가 높을수록 자원봉사 참여도가 높다는 것을 의미한다. 네트워크는 회귀계수 베타 값이 정(+)의 관계로 독립변수와 종속변수는 서로 비례적 관계에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 시민 개개인의 지역사회 참여에 대한 적극적인 태도의 의식 전환이 선행되는 것이 가장 중요하다고 할 수 있다.

고령자 1인 가구의 건강, 경제적, 관계적 자원이 사회 참여 활동에 미치는 영향

신재은 한국보건경제정책학회 2022 보건경제와 정책연구 Vol.28 No.4

Social participation, which rapidly increases with the number of older people due to aging is attracting attention as it has a positive effect on society. This study aims to investigate the factors that affecting social activities of elderly living alone. It is shown that the social participation and other factors are related each other. The To analyze the casual relationship between longitudinal changes of the level of social participation that affecting social activities of elderly living alone and related factors were determined by the latent growth modeling. The 5th (2014), 6th (2016), and 7th (2018) data of the Korea Aging Research Panel (KLoSA) were used for this study. As shown in results from unconditional model analysis the level of social participation of middle and old people living alone decreases every year while the decline trend weaken as the age increase. It implicates that the early intervention in the resulting career break is necessary for elderly people who have already experienced retirement. From conditional model analysis results the higher level of social participation is related to the higher education the higher cognitive function and the higher number of meetings with close people while the higher level of depression is indicated the lower level of social participation. To determine the relationship between the change rates and the effect of longitudinal changes the level of social participation were investigated. It is clear that the decline trend becomes strong in the case of having a spouse and the higher level of depression while the decline trend gets weak in the case of older people and the higher number of meetings with close people. From the above results to develop the social participation for elderly living alone there are suggestions. At first it is necessary to intervene early for career breaks and develop suitable jobs. Second, it is necessary to provide policy support for social participation for middle-aged and elderly people with mental health problems. Third, it is necessary to provide policy support for emotional health for single elderly households.

사회갈등이 시민의 주장형 정치참여에 미치는 영향: 정부신뢰와 사회신뢰의 조절효과를 중심으로

이영라,이숙종 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 2018 行政論叢 Vol.56 No.2

This study examines the influence of social conflicts on ‘assertive political participation’ by citizens based on the premise that citizens in a democracy would raise their critical voices when they view social conflicts as high. In particular, this study examines how government and social trust moderate this relationship between perception of social conflicts and assertive political participation. The results of a hierarchical regression analysis using the 2016 Korea Social Integration Survey by the Korea Institute of Public Administration and Research are as follows. First, ideological conflicts and interest or value conflicts increase assertive political participation. Second, social trust has a positive effect on promoting assertive political participation. Third, trust in government weakens the positive influence of ideological conflicts on promoting assertive political participation, while social trust strengthens it. Fourth, both trust in government and social trust are found to enhance the positive influence of interest or value conflicts on assertive political participation. These findings suggest that citizens engage in assertive actions through networks and sense of solidarity when social trust is higher. Government trust also tends to increase assertive political participation when they view interest or value conflicts as high. On the other hand, government trust reduces such participation in the case of ideological conflicts. This difference suggests that Korean citizens expect their government to resolve interest or value conflicts more actively than ideological conflicts. 본 연구는 사회갈등이 ‘주장형 정치참여(assertive political participation)’에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 그 관계에서 정부신뢰와 사회신뢰가 갖는 조절효과를 살펴보았다. 한국행정연구원의 2016년 사회통합실태조사 데이터를 활용하여 위계적 회귀분석을 시행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이념갈등과 이익・가치갈등은 주장형 정치참여를 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회신뢰는 주장형 정치참여에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 정부신뢰는 이념갈등이 주장형 정치참여를 촉진하는 영향력을 약화시키는 것으로 나타났으나, 사회신뢰는 그 영향력을 강화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 정부신뢰와 사회신뢰는 이익・가치갈등이 주장형 정치참여를 촉진하는 영향력을 강화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 사회갈등에 대한 인식 수준이 높을수록, 연대감을 높여주는 사회신뢰가 강할수록, 표출적이거나 자기 의견을 주장하는 정치참여가 높아진다. 이 과정에서 정부를 신뢰하면 이념갈등에 따른 참여는 줄어들고, 이익 및 가치갈등에 따른 참여는 증가하는 것으로 보아 시민들이 정부를 이념갈등의 중재자보다는 이익이나 가치갈등의 조정자나 해결자로 보는 경향이 있음을 알 수 있다.