국악공연장의 잔향시간과 울림의 특성에 관한 연구

정아영,김재수 한국문화공간건축학회 2017 한국문화공간건축학회논문집 Vol.- No.58

Korean traditional music is a unique music type that exists only in Korea in contrast to Western music. However, Pansori or Korean traditional music performances have been held in multi-purpose halls or concert halls, which are suitable for Western music. Thus, the need to have suitable concert halls for Korean traditional music has been raised. Accordingly, a number of National Centers for Korean Traditional Performing Arts have been established in provinces since 1990 at a government level. However, questions are being raised about whether these national Korean traditional music halls are suitable for Korean traditional music. In this regard, this study measured reverberation time through field tests at six Korean traditional music halls. The result was compared with the reference curve of optimum reverberation time proposed by Knudsen-Harris which analyzes the correlation between reverberation time and volume. Based on such comparison, this study determined the bass ratio (BR) characteristics to understand the reverberant characteristic in the Korean traditional music halls. The study results showed that the range of average reverberation time was 1.32-1.85sec at 125Hz, 1.11-1.46sec at 250Hz, 0.85-1.27sec at 500Hz, 0.74-1.12sec at 1kHz, 0.70-1.11sec at 2kHz, and 0.62-1.06sec at 4kHz, indicating a characteristic of shorter reverberation time at higher frequency. Furthermore, the reverberation times showed a reverberation characteristic “below that of a cinema and auditorium” at all frequency bands compared to the reference curve of optimum reverberation time proposed by Knudsen-Harris. However, explanatory power (R2) of the correlation between reverberation time and volume was 1.3–35.3%, which indicates that Korean traditional music halls maintained a constant range of reverberation time without making it longer despite an increase in volume in contrast with Western music halls. A BR was measured at 1.22–1.55, which satisfied the standard of Western music theaters. Thus, it was expected to give a highly warm and soft tone to the audience.

체적에 따른 국악 공연장의 잔향시간 분포 및 상관성 분석

남승훈(Nam Seung Hoon),김재수(Kim Jae-Soo) 대한설비공학회 2016 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

Korean traditional music is a unique type of music that exists only in Korea unlike Western music. As Pansori and Korean traditional music have been performed in multi-purpose halls and concert halls, which are venues designed mainly for Western music, the need for venues that are appropriate for Korean traditional music performance has been pointed out. In addition, this area involves a lot of challenges since there have yet to be systematic researches on reverberation time that is ideal for Korean traditional music halls. In this regard, the present study compares the reverberation time proposed in the preliminary study with that proposed by Knudsen-Harris in order to grasp the range of reverberation time. Based on the result, the correlation between reverberation time and volume depending on the frequency is analyzed additionally. It is expected that the findings will be useful in specifying the range of optimum reverberation time for Korean traditional music halls that are suitable for the domestic condition.

웨이블렛 필터를 이용한 자동차 실내공간의 잔향시간 측정에 관한 연구

이상권,유동준,이승영,박동철 한국소음진동공학회 2004 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.14 No.2

A number of researchers have attempted to measure the reverberation time of a passenger car, ut the reverberation time of passenger car is too short to measure with the traditional band pass filter. And if the reverberation time is very short, the product of the reverberation time (T) and the bandwidth (B) of the traditional band pass fitter becomes small. The low limit of BT product required for the measurement of reverberation time with the traditional band pass filter is 16. In order to overcome this problem, the wavelet filter bank was developed. In this study, this new wavelet filter was employed to measure the reverberation times of five different classes of passenger cars. The low limit of BT product required for the measurement of reverberation time with the wavelet filter is 4. The reverberation times of five passenger cars were measured successfully with the new wavelet filter bank. The reverberation times measured in most passenger cars was found to be around 0.04. Compared with general acoustic rooms like concert halls, this is a very short reverberation time

음성 신호를 이용한 시간지연 추정에 미치는 영향들에 관한 연구

권병호(Kwon, Byoung-Ho),박영진(Park, Young-Jin),박윤식(Park, Youn-Sik) 한국소음진동공학회 2008 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.8

Since it needs the light computational load and small database, sound source localization method using time delay of arrival(TDOA method) is applied at many research fields such as a robot auditory system, teleconferencing and so on. Researches for time delay estimation, which is the most important thing of TDOA method, had been studied broadly. However studies about factors for time delay estimation are insufficient, especially in case of real environment application. In 1997, Brandstein and Silverman announced that performance of time delay estimation deteriorates as reverberant time of room increases. Even though reverberant time of room is same, performance of estimation is different as the specific part of signals. In order to know that reason, we studied and analyzed the factors for time delay estimation using speech signal and room impulse response. In result, we can know that performance of time delay estimation is changed by different R/D ratio and signal characteristics in spite of same reverberant time. Also, we define the performance index(PI) to show a similar tendency to R/D ratio, and propose the method to improve the performance of time delay estimation with PI.

잔향시간이 양이를 사용한 한국어 단음절 인지에 미치는 영향

임덕환 한국음향학회 2021 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.40 No.6

실내에서 소음과 함께 존재하는 잔향시간은 어음인지에 영향을 미친다. 그 정도는 청취 조건이나 사용된언어의 특성에 따라서 그 내용이 다를 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 양이 청취 조건에서 잔향시간이 정상 성인 10인의 표준화된 한국어 단음절 변별력에 미치는 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 양이 청취효과는 diotic(양이 소음간 동일 위상) 조건과dichotic(양이 소음 간 위상차 존재, π) 조건에서 신호대잡음비를 0 dB로 고정하였다(55 dB HL). 잔향시간 효과를 관찰할 수 있는 3.4 s에서 대상의 단음절 변별력인 Word Recognition Score(WRS)점수를 분석하였다. 결과에서dichotic인 경우에는 단측 청취 결과와 비교하여 유의한 변별력 개선이 보였고(p < 0.05), diotic 조건에서는 단측청취와 유의한 차이를 관찰할 수 없었다. 이러한 결과는 잔향시간을 고려한 여러 소음 음향 환경 분석에 참고가 될 수 있을것으로 판단된다. Reverberation Time (RT) with noise levels can affect speech recognition ability in a listening environment. The degree of influence may depend on reverberation times and modes of binaural hearing. In this study, Korean monosyllabic Word Recognition Scores (WRS) were investigated in 10 young normal hearing subjects under binaural conditions. The RT of 3.4 s and signal to noise ratio of 0 dB were used at 55 dB HL for diotic (noise with the same phase) and dichotic (noise with the fixed phase difference, π) conditions. The improvement in WRS was noted in dichotic hearing (p < 0.05) while the similar trend was not observed in diotic hearing. This data may be useful in analyzing psychoacoustic effects of RTs under noisy conditions.

잔향수조 내 수중음원의 음원레벨 추정기법에 관한 실험연구

김국현 한국해양공학회 2019 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.33 No.4

The acoustic power is used as a primary index characterizing underwater sound sources and could be defined by its source level. The source level has been assessed using various experimental techniques such as the reverberation time method and reverberant tank plot method. While the reverberation time method requires reverberation time data extracted in a preliminary experiment in a reverberant water tank, the reverberant tank plot method only needs acoustic pressure data directly obtained at the reverberation water tank. In this research, these experimental techniques were studied in comparative experiments to estimate the source levels of underwater sources in a reverberant water tank. This paper summarizes the basic theories and procedures of these experimental techniques and presents the experimental results for an underwater source in a long cuboid water tank using each technique, along with a discussion.

국악 공연장의 잔향시간과 흡음요소와의 상관성분석

남승훈(Nam Seung Hoon),김재수(Kim Jae-Soo) 대한설비공학회 2016 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

Korean traditional music is a unique type of music that exists only in Korea unlike Western music. As Pansori and Korean traditional music have been performed in multi-purpose halls and concert halls, which are venues designed mainly for Western music, the need for venues that are appropriate for Korean traditional music performance has been pointed out. Accordingly, a variety of acoustic materials on Korean traditional music halls are necessary, but there have yet to be systematic researches on reverberation time and absorption elements inside a venue. In this regard, the present study analyzes the correlation among absorption elements (room constant, absorbing power, and average absorbing coefficient) inside a venue based on the proper reverberation time suggested in the preliminary study. It is expected that the findings will be useful in specifying the range of optimum reverberation time for Korean traditional music halls that are suitable for the domestic condition.

음향특성을 통한 수박상태 판별에 관한 연구

이원희,임병민,배명진 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 2017 예술인문사회융합멀티미디어논문지 Vol.7 No.4

Watermelon is one of the fruits that people eat and find most in summer. People listen to and pick up sounds when tapping to pick a delicious watermelon. However, it is difficult for people to accurately determine whether they are ripe watermelon or pickle watermelon when tapped. There are many kinds of watermelons, but the sound may be different depending on the shape and size or the structure of the tub inside the watermelon and the degree of the pulp. Also, the sound can be different depending on which part of the watermelon was tapped. In this paper, we aimed to distinguish watermelons by using sound when tapping watermelons. When we analyzed the frequency of ripe watermelon, unripe watermelon, and hollow watermelon, we found that ripe watermelon appeared clean like mountain peaks in the low frequency area, but flat in the case of watermelon which was sour or chewy. When the reverberation time was compared, the reverberation time was the longest for the ripe watermelon, and the reverberation time was the shortest for the unripe watermelon. As a result, it was confirmed that there was a difference in sound according to the degree of the watermelon ripe. 수박은 여름철에 사람들이 가장 많이 먹고 찾게 되는 과일 중 하나이다. 사람들은 맛이 좋은 수박을 고르기 위해 두드렸을 때 소리를 듣고 고르기도 한다. 하지만 사람들은 두드렸을 때 잘 익은 수박인지 설익은 수박인지 정확히 판단하기가 어렵다. 수박의 종류도 여러 가지가 있지만 모양과 크기 또는 수박 내부의 통의 구조와 과육의 정도에 따라서 소리가 다를 수 있다. 또한 수박의 어느 부분을 두드렸는가에 따라서 소리가 달라질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 수박을 두드렸을 때의 소리를 사용하여 수박을 구분하는 데에 목적을 두었다. 처음 잘 익은 수박과 설익은 수박 그리고 속이 무른 수박의 주파수 분석을 하였을 때 잘 익은 수박의 경우 저주파 부분에서 산봉우리와 같이 깨끗하게 나타났지만 설익거나 속이 무른 수박의 경우 평탄하게 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 또 잔향시간을 비교하였을 때 잘 익은 수박의 경우 잔향시간이 제일 길었고 설익은 수박의 경우 잔향시간이 제일 짧게 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있었으며, 그 결과 수박이 익은 정도에 따라서 소리의 차이점이 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

반향 및 음집중현상과 잔향시간 조절을 고려한 공연장 건축계획

현택수,최무현,김남돈 대한건축학회지회연합회 2009 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study is to design auditoriums which are reflected in acoustic factors. And it focuses on making auditoriums acoustically excellent with specialized planning. Regarding the space designs for architectural acoustics, it considers all elements such as the size of space, seats, wall finish and etc, which have directly influence on sound quality. The results of this study are as follows; a) The differences between direct sound and reflected sound should be not exceed 17m for the prevention of echo phenomena. b) The sound focus has to be avoided for the even distribution of sound pressures. c) The analysis of reverberation time are required for the space to be able to sound richly. d) As the result of case study, reverberation time can be controled the scope in 1.31∼1.99 seconds by acoustic variable systems that are acoustic banners and hanging fiberglass beards. To carry out these effectively, acoustic designers make progress from the inception planning to examination of acoustic measurement after completing the construction work, maintaining the relationship closely between architects and constructors.

벽체지지형 천장 배후 흡음재 설치에 따른 수음실 흡음력 변화와 중량충격음 차단성능 주파수 대역별 상관관계 고찰

이성복,김신태,안장호,김명준 한국건축친환경설비학회 2021 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.15 No.6

In this study, the sound field according to the ceiling installation was confirmed by measuring the reverberation time, and the increase of sound absorption and the amount of noise reduction were predicted. In addition, predicted noise reduction according to changing reverberation time and measured noise reduction of floor impact sound according to the ceiling installation were compared. Two types of ceiling structure were used, “suspended ceiling” fixed directly to the slab and “wall supported ceiling” fixed to the wall. Porous absorbing material was additionally installed in the “wall supported ceiling”. In a space with a long reverberation time, it was confirmed that the porous sound absorbing material behind the unperforated gypsum board affects the reduction of the reverberation time from 8 s to 2 s at 63 Hz. In a space with a reverberation time of 0.8 to 1.2 s, it was confirmed that the difference in reverberation time according to the installation of the sound absorbing material behind the ceiling was about 0.1 to 0.2 s. The correlation between the floor impact sound reduction according to the increase in sound absorption of sound receiving room by excitation of the bang machine was R2=0.7889, p-value=0.0181 (<0.05) at 63 Hz, which showed a high correlation. This suggests that the improvement of floor impact sound insulation performance in the 63 Hz band can be expected by increasing the sound absorption of the sound receiving room. In addition, it indicates the need for correcting the reverberation time of the sound receiving room when evaluating the heavy weight impact sound insulation performance.