재생에너지원을 위한 Python에 의한 빅 데이터의 통계해석

이경민,박철원 한국조명.전기설비학회 2022 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.36 No.8

The installed capacity of RESs (Renewable Energy Sources) in South Korea is 20.1GW in 2021. By reflecting the Renewable Energy 3020, the Hydrogen Economy Revitalization Roadmap, and the Green New Deal Policy, an additional 58GW is planned to be installed by 2034. RESs are inflexible power sources with large fluctuations, and since it is not easy to adjust the output, stable controls of voltage and frequency are difficult. A PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit) is synchronized with the GPS to record and estimated the phasor of the three-phase voltage and current, frequency and frequency deviation. By utilizing the large-capacity big data obtained from a PMU, it is possible to plan real-time monitoring and control of RESs and to effectively analyze linkage grid with RESs. In this paper, we describe statistical analysis of boxplot and kernel density by Python language using big data collected from PMUs and Fault Recorders (F/Rs) installed in substations to investigate the impact of RESs in connected power grids.

변전소의 PMU 생성 빅 데이터의 통계적 분석을 통한 안정적 운용 탐색

이경민(Kyung-Min Lee),박철원(Chul-Won Park) 대한전기학회 2021 전기학회논문지 Vol.70 No.12

In order to monitor, analyze, and control RESs operated in connection with the power system in real-time, the installation and distribution of PMUs are expanding. Accordingly, there is a need for a method that can effectively use the large-capacity big data generated by the PMU. In Gangwon-do, more than 3GW of RES is expected to be connected by 2025. In this paper, in order to cope with the volatility of RESs and to improve reliability of power system in Gangwon-do, the effect on the power system is effectively investigated through the PMU-generated big data of S/S connected with RESs. First, big data is collected using the PMU and F/R installed in the S/S. The instantaneous voltage change rate is calculated, and statistical techniques such as boxplot, kernel density, correlation index, and harmonic average are implemented using R programming, which is specialized for large data statistics and analysis. Finally, the power quality is analyzed through the implemented technique. So, it is thought to be helpful in research on the stable operation of RESs linked systems.

가스통 바슐라르와 무욕의 상상력

박치완(PARK, Tchi-Wan) 프랑스학회 2009 프랑스학연구 Vol.48 No.-

L'objet de cet article est de montrer que l'imagination bachelardienne ne se suffit pas à révé;er ses profondeurs et ses intentions, comme nous la comprenions, en tant que l'imagination des quatre éléments, de la poésie ou même de la création. A notre avis, il est faux de réduire l'imagination bachelardienne à une telle théorie ou àun tel système de pensèe. Faux aussi d'insister sur cette imnagination par le beau nom de l'ontolgie, be la dialectique, de la phénoménologie ou de la psychanalyse, même si Bachelard lui-même les a bien exploitéa. Trés nettement, toutes ces estimations ne vont pas si loin, mais elles ne font qu'un tour de ce que bachelard a mis en valeur avec son univers imaginé. Dans cet article nous proposerons donc cela : l'imagination bachelardienne est l'imagination de 無限(l'infini, l'indéfini) et essaie de l'achever comme l'imagination de 無爲(le faire sans idée pricilégiée, sans moi particulier) et de 無慾(le désintéressement, le non-désir). Pour Bachelard, l'essence et l'énergie de l'imagination est là où il voyage sans frontiéres, sans bornes, librement. Nul besoin ainsi d'avoir nuancé ses paroles et ses écrits pour les expliquer ou les commenter par une deuxième main. Au contraire, nous devons imaginer justement comme lui. Et finalement il nous faut atteindre à un état de Sage qui ne privilégie rien, donc libre du Tout. "Homme illimité, Maître du Monde", c'est le véritable message de l'imagination bachelardienne que le philosophe a lui-même accentué dans La poétique de l'espace, en le citant dans le vers de pierre Albert-Birot. Si paradoxal que notre poposition peut admettre! Mais selon la philosophie oirentale "bouddhistique", 無爲, 無慾, 無限 sont très habiles à un Sage, en particulier dès qu'il est vraiment libre à travers son monde. Bachelard aurait voulu ouvrir en quelque sorte ce monde illimité et infini qui dépasse le monde vu, saisi, pensé, bref, fixé. Comment mieux dire que les fonctions de l'imagination désintéressée - aussi bien de l'imagination poétique que l'imagination créatrice - sont si importantes, comme l'a dit bachelard, pour ouvrir l'avenir de l'être humain et d'un nouveau monde. C'est la raison pour laquelle, dans cette étude, nous attribuons à l'imagination bachelardienne l'imagination désintéressée. pour un homme libre comme Bachelard, le monde paraît si beau, si vivant! Voilà pourquoi nous devons défaire les murs des prisons du savant qui tranvaille toujours dans le but de faire quelque chose utile, mais qui est enfermé dans l'idée de penser, saisir, capter, au lieu d'imaginer, sentir, respirer.

초임계 유체를 이용한 고성능 나노에너지 물질 제조 및 고분자 복합체 제조

김태완(Taewan Kim),서범준(Bumjoon Seo),김자영(Ja Young Kim),이근득(Keun Deuk Lee),김진석(Jin Seok Kim),이윤우(Youn-Woo Lee) 한국추진공학회 2015 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.11

본 연구의 목표는 초임계 용매 공정을 이용해 기존의 고폭화약 RDX 입자를 미세화 시킴과 동시에 고분자를 공침하여 덜 위험한 화약을 제조하는 것이다. RDX는 가장 널리 사용되는 고폭화약의 한 종류로 기존 재래식 폭약인 TNT보다 높은 폭발성능을 지니지만 충격에 민감하여 원치 않는 폭발이 일어날 가능성이 크다. 따라서 RDX의 민감도를 낮춰 안정성을 올리는 것은 필수적이다. 화약은 일반적으로 입자크기가 작아짐에 따라 둔감해지는 경향성을 가진다. 입자를 미세화 하는 방법은 크게 top-down, bottom-up 접근이 있다. 본 연구에서는 bottom-up 접근을 통해 입자를 재결정화 시키고 또한 추가적인 고분자를 주입하여 고분자가 공침된 입자를 제조하였다. 공침된 입자는 FE-SEM을 통해 그 형태와 대략적인 입도를 확인하였고, FT-IR, XRD 분석을 통해 입자의 성질을 파악하였다. 또한 내부에 포함된 고분자의 함량을 알기 위하여 열 원소 분석을 시행하였다. Explosives are compounds or mixtures which produce hot compressed gas reacted by impact or electrical shock. To reduce sensitivity of explosive materials, we focused on reducing internal defects in explosives. Research Department eXplosive(RDX) is high energetic material which is more powerful than TNT, most general explosive. To decrease sensitivity of RDX, we micronized the RDX particle by a precipitation process. When RDX particle gets smaller, sensitivity also gets lower, because small particle can decrease the size and number of hotspots. We used Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solvent process called RESS. We analyzed the sample with elemental analysis, FE-SEM, XRD, FT-IR.

Violence symbolique et sociologie de la connaissance

HONG Seong-Min(홍성민) 한국프랑스문화학회 2009 프랑스문화연구 Vol.18 No.-

부르디외가 사용하는 상징폭력의 의미를 지식 사회학의 관점에서 살펴보았다. 지식과 권력의 상호관계를 주목하는 프랑스의 사상가들은 많았다. 예를 들어, 캉귈렘, 알튀세, 푸코가 있다. 그런데 이들과는 달리 부르디외는 지식의 문제를 텍스트의 생산, 유통, 수용방식으로 분류하여 구체적인 사례분석을 시도했다. 예를 들어 하이데거의 철학이 발생하게 된 계기를 추적하기 위해서 하이데거의 학문적 경력을 조사하고, 그것이 하이데거의 주저인 『존재와 시간』에 어떻게 스며있는지를 분석했다. 그리고 『존재와 시간』이라는 철학 텍스트가 독일과 프랑스 사회에서 사용되는 효과를 분석하여 지식인의 이해관계를 사회적 맥락에서 분석하였다. 이러한 지식 사회학의 업적은 주체의 위상과 사회변혁 운동의 관점에 중요한 논쟁거리가 된다. 지식인은 더 이상 보편적인 존재가 아니라 계급투쟁의 논리에 갇혀 있게 되는데, 그 이유는 사회변혁운동에 있어서 보편적인 이해관계가 가능하지 않기 때문이다. 이러한 맥락에서 보면 부르디외의 사상에는 미래에 대한 비전을 찾아보기 힘들다는 비판이 가능하게 된다.

Micronization and characterization of drug substances by RESS with supercritical CO2

주창식,Jung-Teag Kim,Hong-Lyong Kim 한국화학공학회 2010 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.27 No.4

A RESS (rapid expansion of supercritical solution) process for the preparation of ultra-fine drug particles with no organic solvent has been developed with supercritical CO2. Three drug substances with different solubility in supercritical CO2 were used, and orifice disks and capillary tubes were adapted as an expansion device. The solubilities of drug substances in supercritical CO2 and the effects of various operating parameters on the characteristics of the particles prepared by RESS process were experimentally investigated. The solubility of the drug substance in supercritical CO2 had a major effect on the average diameter of the particle prepared by RESS process, and the particle diameter decreased with the solubility for all the drugs and operating conditions. The particle diameter also decreased with preexpansion temperature and increased with the hole diameter of the orifice nozzle and aspect ratio (L/D) of the capillary tube.

브레히트 연기론의 영화적 변용 양상

김종국(Jong-Guk Kim) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2019 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.13 No.1

이 글은 브레히트의 게스투스가 영화에 어떻게 차용되고 변용되는가를 고찰하였다. 영화의 브레히트 차용에 따른 비판적 논의들을 살펴보았고, 구체적인 사례로 급진실험영화 및 할리우드영화에서 채택된 브레히트 연기의 양식을 고찰하였다. 덧붙여, 한국영화배우의 사례를 통해 브레히트 연기론의 적용 가능성을 모색하였다. 첫째, 영화의 브레히트 수용이 지나치게 형식적이고 기계적이라는 비판에도 불구하고, 영화이론과 실제는 브레히트 사상을 환기시키고 새롭게 반영한다. 브레히트 당대의 사회정치적 상황에 관계없이, 그의 게스투스는 영화연기에 적합하며 유용하다는 것이다. 브레히트의 사유는 영화의 몽타주와 컴퓨터특수효과와 같은 기술혁신으로 실현되었고, 무엇보다 배우의 사회적 태도는 관객 교육을 통한 대중화에 성공한 사례이다. 둘째, 퍼포먼스에 관한 브레히트 전략은 더 이상 낯설지 않으며, 모순에 찬 일상과 예술의 경계를 넘어 대중영화의 즐거움으로 자리한다. 연기예술의 자연주의와 반자연주의가 의도는 다를지라도, 그 과정과 효과는 동일한 지점을 바라본다. 셋째, 브레히트 전략에 관한 대중적 이해의 시도로서 한국영화배우의 사례를 통해, 국내 배우론 및 연기론에 관한 정체성 탐색의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. This article examines how Brecht"s Gestus is borrowed and transformed into the film. I examined the critical debates on the film"s use of Brecht and the style of Brecht"s acting adopted in radical experimental films and Hollywood films. In addition, through the case of Korean film actor/ress, I sought to apply the Brechtian theory. First, despite the criticism that the film"s acceptance of Brecht is overly formal and mechanical, film theory and practice reflect Brecht"s ideas. In particular, regardless of the socio-political situation of Brecht"s day, his Gestus is suitable and useful for film acting. Brecht"s thought was realized by technological innovations such as montage and computer special effects, and above all, the social attitude of the actor was popularized through the education of the audience. Second, his strategy on performance is no longer unfamiliar, and goes beyond the boundaries of contradictory daily life and art, and becomes the pleasure of popular film. Although the intentions of naturalism and anti-naturalism in acting arts are different, the process and effects look at the same point. Third, through the case of Korean film actor/ress as an attempt of popular understanding about Brecht strategy, I could confirm the possibility of searching identity of Korean film actor/ress.

Novel Semiconducting Polymer Particles by Supercritical Fluid Process

Lim, Kwon Taek,Subban, Ganapathy Hullathy,Hwang, Ha Soo,Kim, Jung Taek,Ju, Chang Sik,Johnston, Keith P. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2005 Macromolecular Rapid Communications Vol.26 No.22

<P>Summary: A simple method to prepare surfactant-free and solvent-free semiconducting polymer particles by using an environmentally benign supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<SUB>2</SUB>) process is reported. The process of the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) is used to produce spherical particles of poly[2-(3-thienyl)acetyl 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctanoate] (PSFTE), 50–500 nm in size, from 0.1–0.5 wt.-% PSFTE solutions in CO<SUB>2</SUB> at pre-expansion temperatures of 40 °C and pre-expansion pressures of 276 bar.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img/10221336-2005-26-22-MARC200500438-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/10221336-2005-26-22-MARC200500438-gra001'> Graphic An FESEM image of PSFTE particles produced by the RESS process with CO<SUB>2</SUB>. </P>

A novel mathematical method for prediction of rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS) processed ibuprofen powder size distribution

Fatemeh Zabihi,Ali Vaziri,Mohammad Mehdi Akbarnejad,Mehdi Ardjmand,Maryam Otadi,Ahmad Reza Bozorgmanesh 한국화학공학회 2010 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.27 No.5

A fundamental understanding of the interplay among the variables involved in a rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS) process is necessary in order to achieve control of product within the desired specifications. A model is proposed where the experimental data are fitted to a 2-D Sp-line equation that results in a mathematical pattern matching function that can easily be processed analytically to yield a continuous motion estimate. This model presents a novel promising method to interpolate between any two experimental results. Comparison of the mean particles size values which are calculated as a function of nozzle temperature (TN) and pre-expansion pressure (Ppre-expansion)with the experimental data, results in a ±8% accuracy. The optimum operational point that leads to the minimum mean particles diameter (40 nm) is determined through mathematical optimization of this equation and confirmed experimentally. Furthermore, 600 more values of mean particle size are predicted by varying the nozzle temperature and dissolution pressure and the results are presented in the form of a 3-dimesional curve.

Inertia Emulation through Supercapacitor Energy Storage Systems

Ruiqi Zhang,Jingyang Fang,Yi Tang 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

To establish a more reliable, sustainable and high-efficiency smart grid, renewable energy sources (RESs) have been increasingly integrated into modern power systems. Since RESs are normally coupled to electrical grids through grid-connected power converters, which do not possess any rotational inertia as conventional synchronous generators do, modern power systems will face frequency control challenges as the power system inertia continues to decrease. To address the lack of inertia concern, supercapacitor energy storage systems (SESSs) are implemented in this paper to generate virtual inertia by proportionally linking the grid frequency to the voltage references of supercapacitors. In this way, the improvements of inertia and frequency control can be achieved. More importantly, this paper discloses that the basic inertia control scheme introduces inertia emulation errors under large frequency disturbances. As a solution, this paper presents a nonlinear inertia control scheme, which ensures fair inertia emulation even under large frequency disturbances. Simulation and experimental results are finally presented to verify the effectiveness of the virtual inertia and the control schemes.