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이재은(Jae-Eun Lee),이세은(Se-Eun Lee),김왕수(Wang-Soo Kim),이정엽(Chung-yup Lee),한상근(Sang-Keun Han),채주승(Joo-Seung Chae),이근득(Keun-Deuk Lee),구기갑(Kee-Kahb Koo) 한국추진공학회 2015 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.11
고에너지 물질의 성능 향상뿐만 아니라 둔감도 향상은 고에너지 물질 연구에 있어 매우 중요한 항목으로, 최근에는 안정성의 문제로 성능보다는 외부의 비의도적 자극에 대한 둔감도 향상에 초점을 맞추어 많은 연구가 수행되고 있다. 고에너지 물질 결정 내부 결함은 외부 충격에 의한 폭발의 시발점으로 작용하기 때문에 그들의 크기와 수를 감소시키기 위해 결정의 입도를 제어하는 연구가 현재 각광받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 결정화를 이용하여 나노 수준의 고에너지 물질을 제조하였으며, 그들의 둔감도를 평가하였다. 결정 입도 제어에 있어 분사 거리, 용액의 농도, 용액/반용매 온도 등과 같은 변수들의 영향을 확인하였다. An improvement of a performance and an insensitivity of high energetic materials(HEMs) is very important evaluation index in a research of HEMs. Studies on the improvement of the insensitivity against a external unintended stimuli rather than the performance owing to stability have been done for decades. Current researches focus on to control of a size of crystal for reducing the number and the size of the internal defects because the internal defects are worked as the trigger of explosion by the external stimuli. In this work, nano-sized HEMs were producted by drowing-out or milling/crystallization and the improvement of insensitivity of them was confirmed. The effect of a spraying distance, a concentration of solution, a temperature of solution/antisolvent on the size of crystals were investigated.
심정섭,김현수,이근득,김정국,Shim Jung-Seob,Kim Hyoun-Soo,Lee Keun-Deuk,Kim Jeong-Kook 한국군사과학기술학회 2004 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.7 No.2
Nitramine-polymer composites suffer from a problem known as dewetting. Dewetting adversely affects the performance and the sensitivity characteristics of an explosive composition. Voids, which are generated between explosive particles and binder on dewetting, act as initiation sites. For a PBXs as well as propellants, where good adhesion and mechanical properties are of great importance, dewetting therefore must be prevented by strong adhesion between the filler and the binder. The surface energy of materials is measured by Wilhelmy plate and wicking method. The interfacial energy between the filler and the binder is calculated from the disperse phase and the polar phase of surface energy. Time dependent compressive properties of composite explosives have been determined by stress-strain curves obtained at different strain rates and temperatures. The interfacial state of the PBX was observed through SEM. It was found from the result that the interface between the explosive and the binder becomes better adhesion with decreasing interfacial tension and increasing work of adhesion. The result clearly shows that the castable PBX has good adhesion more than the pressable PBX.
박정수,김성호,이근득,이재민,Park, Jung-Su,Kim, Sung-Ho,Lee, Keun-Deuk,Lee, Jai-Min 한국군사과학기술학회 2005 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.8 No.4
To analyze a blast effect of developed explosives, three different kinds of aluminized tastable explosives and melted cast explosive TNT were used. Conventional explosive TNT was used as a reference. Each tested explosive charge of 340mm diameter spherical type was initiated at the charge center with DXD-65(${\sim}750g$) booster and RP-87 EBW detonator. Thirteen piezo type pressure sensors were located at a range from 4 to 50m away from the charge. From the blast wave profiles, we calculated a peak blast pressure and impulse of the explosion. The calculated pressures and in pulses were converted to TNT Equivalent Weight(TEW) factor by the scaling ]aw method. The average TEW factors based on the blast pressure of TX-01, TX-02, TX-03, TX-04 were 1.298, 1.05, 1.266, 1.274 and the average TEW factors based on impulse were 1.504, 1.686, 1.640, 1.679. From the results, we concluded that TEW factors based on blast pressure and based on impulse of aluminized explosives were superior to TNT. This results are owing to the high contents of aluminum in formulations.
이상묵(Sang Mook Lee),홍인권(In Kwon Hong),이재욱(Jae Wook Lee),이근득(Keun Deuk Lee) 한국고분자학회 2014 폴리머 Vol.38 No.3
에너지 고분자인 poly(BAMO-AMMO)와 유사한 특성을 갖는 폴리에틸렌 플라스토머인 Exact를 고분자 결합제로, RDX(research department explosive)와 유사한 특성을 갖는 dechlorane을 충전제로 사용한 고농축 복합화약시뮬란트 현탁계의 유변물성을 연구하였다. 회분식 용융혼련기를 사용하여 현탁계의 혼화거동을 조사하였는데 상당한 점성소산열이 발생하였다. 충전율이 70 v% 이상에서는 토크의 지속적인 감소가 있었는데 이는 벽면 미끌어짐 현상에 기인한다고 사료되었다. SEM 관찰 결과 충전제 입자들은 잘 분산되어 있었고 혼화 조건의 영향은 크지 않은것으로 판단되었다. 현탁계의 뚜렷한 전단박화(shear thinning) 특성으로 인하여 낮은 전단속도의 평판-평판 레오미터에서 측정이 어려운 고충전 현탁계도 높은 전단속도의 모세관 레오미터에서 유변물성 측정이 가능하였다. The rheology of highly concentrated polymer bonded explosive (PBX) simulant was studied. An energy material,polyethylene plastomer (ExactTM) having similar properties to poly(BAMO-AMMO) was selected as a binder. Dechlorane with similar properties to RDX (Research Department eXplosive) was chosen as a filler. Mixing behavior ina batch melt mixer was investigated. During mixing a large amount of heat of viscous dissipation was generated and acontinuous decrease in torque was observed when the filler content was above 70 v%. It was believed due to wall slipphenomena. From the SEM images, the fillers were well dispersed and the effect of mixing condition affected slightlyon the dispersion. Owing to distinct shear thinning behavior of the suspensions, measuring viscosity of highly filled suspensionswas possible in a high shear rate capillary rheometer though it was impossible even in a low shear rate plateplaterheometer.
이우진(Woo-Jin Lee),이강인(Kang-In Lee),허윤(Yun Huh),이근득(Keun-Deuk Lee) 한국추진공학회 2016 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.12
에너지 물질인 RDX 는 2차 세계대전 시기부터 대량으로 사용되어왔으며, TNT 와 함께 탄두, 추진제 부분에 매우 폭넓게 활용되는 중요한 물질이다. 근래 에너지 물질 분야의 주 연구 방향은 고성능화와 둔감화로 요악 될 수 있으며, 그 중 기존 물질 둔감도 개선 연구의 대표적인 물질이 RS-RDX 이다. 이는 주로 탄두부에 사용되나 근래에는 화포용 추진제의 적용 검토가 지속적으로 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 화포 추진제용으로 사용 될 수 있는 RDX를 결정화 연구를 통해 다양한 입도로 제조하고 그에 따른 충격과 압력에 대한 감도 변화를 소규모 숔감도 시험 등을 통하여 측정하였으며 입도가 작아질수록 둔감한 경향을 확인하였다. RDX, energetic material, have been used in quantity since the Second World War and is important material which is widely applied in warhead and propellants with TNT. Recent days, major direction of research in a field of energetic material is high performance and insensitivity. RDX is mostly used in warhead but being under continuous investigation to apply to artillery propellant. When applying RDX major advantages are which can increase impetus, burning rate and gas generation and can secure safety about user and manufacturer by decreasing flame temperature and improving stability and insensitivity by substituting Nitroguanidine with RDX. In this study, we produced various average particle size of RDX by recrystallization research for artillery propellant and measured insensitivity change about shock and pressure according to particle size through small scale gap test. We verified some tendency of better insensitivity as particle size decrease.
폴리머 바인더의 선처리를 통한 압축형 복합화약으로부터 octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine의 회수 공정 개발
김혜주,김동우,허유진,박세원,이창하,안익성,이근득,Kim, Hyejoo,Kim, DongWoo,Huh, Eugene,Park, Sewon,Lee, Chang-Ha,Ahn, Ik-Sung,Lee, Keun Deuk 한국군사과학기술학회 2020 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.23 No.5
Extraction and anti-solvent crystallization were proposed to recover octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) from pressed polymer bonded explosives(PBXs). DXC-57 and DXC-59, whose polymeric binders are Estane and HyTemp with dioctyl adipate plasticizer, respectively, were used as pressed PBX models. Estane of DXC-57 was removed by washing with tetrahydrofuran prior to extraction, which enabled the crystallization of HMX at a low degree of supersaturation, sufficient to obtain β-form HMX. Using dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol as the extraction solvent and the anti-solvent for crystallization, respectively, HyTemp and dioctyl adipate in DXC-59 were separated from HMX. The purity of recovered β-form HMX was higher than 99 %.
심홍민(Hong-Min Shim),이은애(Eun-Ae Lee),임가은(Ga-Eun Lim),김재경(Jae-Kyeong Kim),한상근(Sang-Keun Han),채주승(Joo-Seung Chae),이근득(Keun-Deuk Lee),구기갑(Kee-Kahb Koo) 한국추진공학회 2015 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.11
결정 형상은 니트로아민계 고에너지 물질의 열 및 물리적 민감도에 영향을 주는 매우 중요한 물성 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 RDX와 HMX의 결정화시 용매와 과포화도가 결정성장 습성에 미치는 영향을 이해하기 위하여 분자 모델링 기법을 이용하여 결정형상을 예측하였다. 결정 성장 모델은 서로 다른 용액에서 성장하는 RDX의 성장 습성을 정확하게 모사하였으며 또한 HMX 결정화 공정에서 과포화도에 따라 HMX 결정의 종횡비가 증가하는 결정 성장도 잘 모사할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 결정면에서의 분자 거동을 고려한 상기 성장 모델은 니트로아민계 고에너지 물질의 결정 성장을 이해하는데 깊이 있는 이해를 제공해 주며 용매 선택과 과포화도 조절에 의한 결정 형상을 제어를 기대할 수 있다. Crystal shape is one of the most important characteristics that considerably affect a thermal and mechanical sensitivity of the nitroamine high energetic materials. In the present work, the molecular modeling on the prediction of crystal shapes of RDX and HMX was carried out where the effects of solvent and supersaturation on the growth habit were identified. The crystal growth model accurately predicts the growth habit of RDX that grow in different solvents, and it is also found to describe the change in aspect ratio of HMX crystals with respect to supersaturation. Such growth models that consider the kinetics of molecules on crystal faces provide an in-depth understanding of the crystal growth for the nitroamine high energetic materials and furthermore, are expected to modify crystal shapes by optimal solvent screening and supersaturation control.