사회과학 초보 연구자의 질적 연구 수행경험: 사전연구 경험을 바탕으로

Chuanyang Yu,김유진,서미경 경북대학교 사회과학기초자료연구소 2019 연구방법논총 Vol.4 No.1

The purpose of this study is to introduce a pilot study in the aspect of research methodology and to investigate the difficulties and the methodological issues in the progress of the qualitative research which was realized while carrying out the pilot study. The pilot study is a small-scale methodological experiment conducted to prepare a main study, and it is a preliminary study to determine whether a topic of interest to the researcher can be a realistic and feasible. Despite its usefulness, the pilot study has not been adequately discussed in the qualitative research methodology textbooks. Based on the actual experience of a novice researcher who is a Chinese student, the purpose of this study was to emphasize the usefulness and value of the pilot study in carrying out the qualitative research. 본 연구의 목적은 연구방법론 차원에서 사전연구에 대해 소개하고, 사전연구를 수행하면서 깨닫게 된 질적 연구 진행 과정상의 어려움과 방법론적인 문제들을 구체적으로 살펴보는 것이다. 사전연구란 주 연구(main study)를 준비하기 위해 실시하는 소규모의 방법론적 실험이며, 연구자가 관심을 갖고 있는 주제가 현실적으로 수행 가능한 연구 질문이 될 수 있는지 파악하기 위한 예비적 연구이다. 사전연구는 그 유용성에도 불구하고, 질적 연구 방법론 교재에서 충분히 논의되지 않고 있다. 본 연구를 통해 중국 유학생인 초보 연구자의 실제 경험을 바탕으로 질적 연구를 수행하는 데 있어 사전연구의 유용성 및 가치를 강조하고자 하였다.

General considerations for sample size estimation in animal study

Ko Mun Jung,임지연 대한마취통증의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.74 No.1

The aim of this paper is to introduce basic concepts and methods for calculating sample size in animal studies. At the planning stage of clinical studies, the determination of the sample size is a very important process to show the validity, accuracy, and reliability of the study. However, not all studies require a sample size to be calculated. Before conducting the study, it is essential to determine whether the study objectives suggest a pilot and exploratory study, as well as the purpose of testing the hypothesis of interest. Since most animal experiments are pilot and exploratory studies, it would be more appropriate to review other considerations for conducting an experiment while maintaining scientific and qualitative levels rather than sample size estimation. Sample size is calculated in various situations in animal studies. Therefore, it can be estimated according to the situations and objectives through the methods of precision analysis, power analysis, and so on. In some cases, nonparametric methods can be employed if the assumptions of normality is not met or a small sample is available for the study.

게이미피케이션의 특수교육적 활용을 위한 Pilot Study: 뇌손상 장애위험아동을 대상으로

김병건(Kim Byungkeon) 한국행동분석학회 2020 행동분석․지원연구 Vol.7 No.1

본 연구는 게이미피케이션의 특수교육적 활용을 위한 Pilot Study로써 뇌손상 장애위험아동을 대상으로 게이미피케이션 기반 증강현실 중재가 미치는 효과 및 적용 가능성을 알아보았다. 이를 위해 게이미피케이션 기반으로 개발된 Quiver를 사용하여 기초선, 중재, 유지 단계로 효과를 검증하였으며, typological analysis를 통해 게이미피케이션의 요소들이 중재에 어떠한 작용하는지를 알아보았다. 연구 결과, 게이미피케이션 기반 증강현실 중재는 뇌손상으로 인한 장애위험 아동에게 유의미한 효과가 있다는 긍정적인 결과를 확인하였다. 게이미피케이션의 요소들 또한 중재에 긍정적으로 작용하는 것을 확인하였다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 게이미피케이션의 특수교육적 활용 가능성을 논의하였으며, 본 연구의 제한점을 제시하고 이를 바탕으로 추후 연구를 제안하였다. As a pilot study for the application of gamification to special education, this study aimed to investigate the effects of applicability of a gamification-based augmented reality intervention for a student at risk of brain injuries. To this end, the Quiver developed based on gamification was used to verify the effects at baseline, intervention, and maintenance phases, and typological analysis was adopted to examine how gamification elements work on gamification has a significant effect on a student at risk of brain injuries. It was also confirmed that gamification elements work positively on the intervention. Based on the results of the study, the applicability of gamification on special education was discussed. Lastly, the limitations of this study were presented, based on which future studies were suggested.

Effects of Squat Exercise according to Weight Support on Balance and Gait in Patients after Total Hip Replacement: a Pilot Study

김소영,조운수,김병근 대한물리치료학회 2022 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.34 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study is to identify the problems and stability of a study to investigate “Effects of Squat Exercise according to Weight Support on Balance and Gait in Patients after Total Hip Replacement.” before proceeding with the study. Methods: Twenty-two rehabilitation patients after THR surgery who met the selection criteria participated. The study subjects were randomly assigned to a squat group using a slider or a squat group using a reformer. The interventions were applied for two weeks. The patients were assessed using Berg balance scale (BBS), Timed up and go test (TUG), and 10-meter walking test (10MW). Results: Although twenty-two study subjects participated in this study, eight study subjects participated dropouts occurred during the study period. There was a significant difference within the group in BBS and TUG in two groups (p<0.05). The difference between the two groups was not significant in all outcome measures (p>0.05). The largest effect size was 1.21 and the smallest effect size was 0.39, all from the BBS. Conclusion: This pilot study suggest that it is feasible with minor adjustment to conduct a larger scale, powered RCT to examine the efficacy of squat exercise according to weight support with patients after THR.

요통에 대한 협진 레지스트리 임상연구: 예비 임상연구 프로토콜

김병준 ( Byung-jun Kim ),신병철 ( Byung-cheul Shin ),허인 ( In Heo ),임경태 ( Kyeong-tae Lim ),박인화 ( In Hwa Park ),황의형 ( Eui-hyoung Hwang ) 대한한의학회 한방재활의학과학회 2017 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Objectives Collaboration medicine means cooperate with western medicine and traditional korean medicine to treat the one disease. In Korea, Interest in collaboration medicine is increasing, But the number of studies is scare. Therefore we will conduct collaboration medicine study for the low back pain. Methods This study composes prospective cohort registry study. If the patients who need collaboration medicine by doctor come, we will ask regist this study. And patient select collaboration treatment group and single treatment group. Total 120 patients will recruit from collaboration pilot project hospitals. Each group patient will observed 4 weeks. Telephone research will conducted after 1 month from the last follow up. During the treatment, patients are treated usual treatment type of each medicine. Primary outcome is NRS and secondary outcomes are EQ-5D and ODI. We will analyze difference of 1 week and 4 week outcome result. Conclusions This study is the first large sample size study effect of collaboration medicine in Korea for low back pain. We check present collaboration system and improve collaboration system. Aim of this study is to find the effectiveness collaboration medicine for low back pain in the real condition. And we expect this pilot study will provide the clinical collaboration information and basis. (J Korean Med Rehabil 2017;27(3):117-124)

Sample size determination for conducting a pilot study to assess reliability of a questionnaire

Bujang Mohamad Adam,Omar Evi Diana,Foo Diana Hui Ping,Hon Yoon Khee 대한치과보존학회 2024 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.49 No.1

This article is a narrative review that discusses the recommended sample size requirements to design a pilot study to assess the reliability of a questionnaire. A list of various sample size tables that are based on the kappa agreement test, intra-class correlation test and Cronbach’s alpha test has been compiled together. For all calculations, type I error (alpha) was set at a maximum value of 0.05, and power was set at a minimum value of 80.0%. For the kappa agreement test, intra-class correlation test, and Cronbach’s alpha test, the recommended minimum sample size requirement based on the ideal effect sizes shall be at least 15, 22, and 24 subjects respectively. By making allowances for a non-response rate of 20.0%, a minimum sample size of 30 respondents will be sufficient to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. The clear guideline of minimum sample size requirement for the pilot study to assess the reliability of a questionnaire is discussed and this will ease researchers in preparation for the pilot study. This study provides justification for a minimum requirement of a sample size of 30 respondents specifically to test the reliability of a questionnaire.

Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Pilot Study of Safety and Feasibility

김현영,문찬일,김경숙,오기욱,오성일,김주한,김승현 대한신경과학회 2014 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.10 No.4

Background and Purpose It has been shown that erythropoietin is neuroprotective in animalmodels of neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The aim ofthis study was to determine the safety and feasibility of repetitive high-dose recombinant humanerythropoietin (rhEPO) therapy in ALS patients. Methods Two consecutive studies were conducted. We first recruited 26 subjects for an initialsingle-arm safety study. After a lead-in period of 3 months to assess the disease progression, rhE-PO was infused intravenously (35,000 IU) once per month for 3 months, and the subjects werefollowed for an additional 3 months. The ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R)was used for clinical assessment. After confirming the safety of rhEPO, 60 subjects were recruited for the second controlled study (rhEPO and control groups), which involved a total of 6 infusions at a rate of 1/month. Results There were no serious adverse events in the first study. The mean rate of decline in theALSFRS-R score was lower during the treatment period than during the lead-in period (mean±SD: 2.6±1.8 and 3.7±2.6, respectively; p=0.02). However, the rate of decline during the subsequent 3 months returned to that observed in the lead-in period. In the second study, the mean rateof decline in ALSFRS-R score was significantly lower in the rhEPO group than in the controlgroup (during months 0–3, 1.8±1.7 vs. 3.1±2.3, p=0.03; during months 4–6, 2.1±2.2 vs. 3.5±2.3,p=0.02). Conclusions Intravenous high-dose rhEPO is both safe and feasible for the treatment of ALS. Further investigation using different intervals and doses should be considered.

지체장애인을 위한 개별 운동프로그램 개발

김지영,송기호,김동일 한국생활환경학회 2020 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.27 No.5

The purpose of the study was to develop an individualized exercise program that consider the characteristics of individuals with physical disabilities and to verify the feasibility and safety of the exercise program. The exercise program was developed through literature review, twice experts panel discussions, preliminary interviews, assessments, and a six-week pilot study. The pilot study was a single group study of 12 persons with disabilities (mean age 51.77 years) for 60-minutes supervised exercise once a week and home-based exercise for 6 weeks. Height, weight, waist, thigh circumference, blood pressure, heart rate, muscle strength and range of motion were measured before and after the individualized exercise program. The results were as follows. There were no dropouts or injuries among the participants in the exercise program, and the exercise program conducted in the pilot study had a positive improvement in improving the body composition, strength, and range of motion. After 6 weeks of exercise program, muscle strength and range of motion improved significantly compared to preliminary measurement. Therefore, the individualized exercise program verified the feasibility, safety and effectiveness.

병원감염의 효율적인 관리체계 개발연구

김봉수,이영신,양숙자,김홍빈,유재일,심수경,김경희,김혜원 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

Engineering aspects of catalytic ozonation for purification of real textile industry wastewater at the pilot scale

Pranav H. Nakhate,Chandrakanth R. Gadipelly,Nandkumar T. Joshi,Kumudini V. Marathe 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.69 No.-

Present study investigated the development and use of copper-doped zinc oxide as catalysts to facilitate degradation of real textile wastewater by ozonation. Effect of various operating parameters like catalyst dosage, pH, and ozone dosage was examined. The Cu-doped ZnO removes 89% of COD within 30 min of reaction whereas tertiary-butyl alcohol inhibited COD reduction at 10 mM concentration under the optimised conditions, indicating that catalytic ozonation follows hydroxyl (OH) radical method for COD reduction. MATLAB ODE45 function was used to draw kinetic plots where catalytic ozonation shows six times higher rate constant. Catalytic ozonation has been successfully implemented at pilot-scale.