유근피(Ulmus pumila)로부터 분리한 phenol성 물질의 건강기능식품 활성

김경범 ( Kyung Bum Kim ),조분성 ( Bun Sung Jo ),박혜진 ( Hye Jin Park ),박기태 ( Ki Tae Park ),안봉전 ( Bong Jeun An ),안동현 ( Dong Hyun Ahn ),김명욱 ( Myung Uk Kim ),채정우 ( Jung Woo Chae ),조영제 ( Young Je Cho ) 한국식품저장유통학회(구 한국농산물저장유통학회) 2012 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.19 No.6

유근피에 함유된 페놀성 물질은 70% ethanol을 용매로 하여 12시간 추출하였을 때 17.9±1.0 mg/g으로 가장 많이 용출되었다. 유근피 추출물의 항산화력을 측정한 결과 전자공여능은 50 μg/mL 이상의 phenolic 농도에서 물추출물과 70% ethanol 추출물 모두에서 80% 이상의 높은 전자공여 능이 확인되었다. ABTS radical cation decolorization을 측정한 결과 유근피는 물과 70% ethanol 추출물에서 96.8±2.9%의 높은 항산화활성이 측정되었으며, antioxidant protection factor 측정에서는 물추출물과 에탄올 추출물 모두 200 μg/mL의 phenolic 농도에서 BHA 보다 높은 2.5 PF의 높은 항산화력이 확인되었다. 유근피 추출물의 thiobarbituric acid reactive substance를 측정한 결과 물 추출물과 에탄올 추출물 전 농도에서 약 80%의 높은 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 유근피 추출물의 항고혈압 효과를 살펴보기 위하여 angiotensin converting enzyme 저해활성을 측정한 결과 물 추출물에서 약 50%, 70% ethanol 추출물에서 58.5%의 저해 활성을 나타내었으며, 200 μg/mL phenolics의 처리농도에서 물 추출물이 77.4%, 70% ethanol 추출물에서 90.6%의 저해활성을 나타내었다. 유근피 추출물의 항관절염 효과를 살펴보기 위하여 xanthin oxidase 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 물 추출물에서는 억제 효과를 관찰할 수 없었고, 70% ethanol 추출물에서 30%의 억제효과를 나타내었으며, 200 μg/mL phenolics의 처리 농도에서 48.1%의 억제력을 나타내었다. 유근피 추출물의 염증 억제효과를 측정하기 위하여 hyaluronidase 저해활성을 확인한 결과 물 추출물과 ethanol 추출물에서 70% 이상의 높은 저해 양상을 나타내었으며, 50 μg/mL phenolics의 낮은 농도로 처리하였을 경우에도 80%의 항염증효과를 나타내었고, 처리한 phenolic compound의 농도가 높아질수록 억제효과가 높아져 농도 의존적인 양상을 나타내었다. 기능성 식품으로의 활용을 위한 방안으로 유근피 추출물을 함유한 tablet(정제)를 개발하고, 개발된 제품의 관능평가를 실시한 결과 색깔의 관능평점이 8.3으로 평가되었고, 맛과 향은 8.8과 8.6의 높은 관능평가 점수를 획득하였으며, 전체적인 기호도 역시 8.7점으로 높은 평가를 받았다. The phenolic compounds which were extracted with 70% ethanol from Ulmus pumila for 12 hr were the highest as 17.9±1.0 mg/g. DPPH scavenging activity of 70% ethanol extracts was also the highest as 89.5±1.9% and it was confirmed to be high as 80% over in both of water and 70% ethanol extracts containing 50 μg/mL over phenolic concentration. ABTS radical cation decolorization activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts were higher as 96.8±2.9%, antioxidant protection factor (PF) was 2.0 PF in 70% ethanol and showed higher activities in both of water and 70% ethanol extracts containing 200 μg/mL phenolic concentration as 2.5 PF than BHA. TBARs of 70% ethanol extracts was 86.5±4.6%, it showed high anti-oxidative activity in 50∼200 μg/mL phenolic concentrations of water and 70% ethanol extracts as 80% over. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of Ulmus pumila extracts against hypertension was 77.4% and 90.6% in water and 70% ethanol extracts of 200 μg/mL phenolic concentration. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Ulmus pumila extracts for anti-gout effect was not observed in water extracts, but it showed 30% inhibitory activity in 70% ethanol extracts, and 48.1% at 200 μg/mL phenolics concentration.

Determination of Phenolic Acids in Korean Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars Using Gas Chromatography-time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Soo-Yun Park,하선화,임선형,정지윤,이시명,여윤수,김재광 한국식품과학회 2012 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.21 No.4

Total soluble phenolic acids (free and esterified forms) from 15 Korean rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.)were characterized to determine the total soluble phenolic acid contents and the diversity among the phenolic acids. The individual phenolic acids were identified by GC coupled to time-of-flight MS (TOFMS) including tertbutyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) derivatization. This method requires only 13 min for the GC-TOFMS run. Total soluble phenolic acid contents were higher in pigmented rice (168-368 μg/g) than nonpigmented rice (146-172 μg/g). Freeform phenolic acids accounted for less than 10% of the total soluble phenolic acids. The dominant compounds were ferulic and sinapic acid, which were detected as cisand trans-isomers. The content of salicylic acid in rice grain varied, ranging from 7.95 to 29.61 μg/g. The quantitative results of this study indicate that the black rice ‘Josengheugchalbyeo’ could facilitate development of phenolic-rich rice or food.

Mechanistic Insight into Phenolic Compounds Toxicity and State-of-the-art Strategies for Enhancing the Tolerance of Escherichia coli to Phenolic Compounds

Lina Liu,Xiaolong Ma,Muhammad Bilal,Linlin Wei,Shijie Tang,Hong-zhen Luo,Yuping Zhao,Xuguo Duan 한국생물공학회 2022 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.27 No.4

Efficient use of lignocellulosic biomass is a prerequisite for sustainable biofuel production while simultaneously contributing to environmental protection. However, phenolic compounds produced during the chemical treatment of lignocellulose inhibit the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, which is one of the ideal strains for producing target products by microbial fermentation. To provide new ideas for studying microbial tolerance to environmental stress and providing technical support for constructing the engineering strains with high yields of phenolic compounds, this review elucidates the inhibition mechanism of phenols to E. coli. Secondly, a comprehensive and systematic review of current approaches for improving the phenolic-tolerance of E. coli is provided, including strain domestication, random mutagenesis, regulating the expression of outer membrane proteins, changing the composition of membrane fatty acids, accelerating the efflux of phenolic compounds, engineered bacterial biofloc formation, and transcriptome analysis. Finally, this review ends with some questions that still exist today, and prospective strategies are outlined for further improving the phenols-tolerance of E. coli. This review provided a theoretical basis for research into microbial tolerance to environmental stress and the development of engineered strains with high yield of phenolic compounds.

보리쌀중의 Phenol 화합물이 Saccharomyces cerevisiae의 생육에 미치는 영향

정기택,김욱한,송형익 한국미생물학회 1986 미생물학회지 Vol.24 No.2

보리쌀중의 phenol 화합물 을 분리.확인하고 그 phen이 화합물의 추출액과 각 phenol 화합물이 Saccharomyces cerevlszae의 생육에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. GLC로 분석한 결과, 보리쌀 중에는 cinnamic, protoca techuic, ferullic, sinapic. vanillic, syringic, gallic acid의 7 종이 분리.학인되었으며 그 중에서 sinapic, ferulic, cinnamic, prot toca techuic acid가 많이 존재 하는 편이였고 vanillic, syringic, gallic acid가 적게 존재하는 편이었다. Phenol 화합물의 추출액은 total phenol함량으로 100 ppm이상에서 Saccharomyces cerevisiae의 생육을 24시간 까지는 억제했으나 48시간 이후에는 억제하지 않았다. 분리.확인된 각 phen이 화합물 중에서 cinnamic, ferulic, vanillic acid는 효모의 생육을 전반적으로 억제했으며 그 중에서 cinnamic acid의 억제효과가 가장 컸다. Syringic acid는 생육초기에만 억제했으며 sinapic acid와 protocatechuic acid는 저농도에서 다소 촉진하는 것으로 나타났고 gallic acid는 생육에 별 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. The phenolic compounds contained in milled barley grains were seperated and identified by gas liquid chromatography and the effects of phenolic compounds extracted from milled barley grains and each authentic phenolic compound on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. Severn phenolic acids, namely cinnamic, protocatechuic, ferulic, sinapid, vanillic, syringic, gallic acids, were identified in milled barley grains by gas liquid chromatography. The contents of sinapic, ferulic, cinnamic, protocatechuic acids were larger than those of vanillic and gallic acids. Phenolic compounds, extracted from milled barley grains and supplemented in culture broth, were inhibitory to the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at levels above 100ppm to 24 hours but not inhibitory at all levels after 48 hours. Cinnamic, ferulic, vanillic acids at all levels were inhibitory to the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, among them cinnamic acid was most inhibitory. Syringic acid was inhibitory to the growth of the yeast at the initial stage of culture. But sinapic and protocatechuic acids were slightly stimulatory to the growth of the yeast and gallic acid was ineffective to the growth of the yeast.

세라믹담체를 이용한 페놀계 산업폐수의 생물학적 처리

오희목,구영환,안극현,장감용,고영희,권기석,윤병대 한국산업미생물학회 1995 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.23 No.6

고농도의 phenol과 formaldehyde를 주성분으로 하는 phenol계 산업폐수를 단계적으로 희석하면서, 혼합균주인 GE2와 세라믹담체를 적용하여 80일간에 걸쳐 생물학적으로 처리하였다. 실험구는 제지폐수 슬러지로 30일간 회분식 운전에 의해 적응시킨 대조구, 이것에 GE2를 첨가한 GE2 처리구 그리고 세라믹담체를 적용한 세라믹처리구로 구분하였다. 원폐수의 80배 희석으로 유입수의 COD_Mn이 1,140mg/l 인 경우 각 실험구의 유출수 COD_Mn은 22∼35mg/l로 큰 차이가 없었으나, 20배 희석의 경우 유입수의 COD_Mn이 4,800mg/l일 때, 대조구, GE2 처리구 그리고 세라믹처리구의 유출수 COD_Mn은 179, 128 그리고 94mg/l로서 세라믹처리구의 처리효율이 98.0%로 가장 높았다. 이때 유출수의 phenol 농도는 각기 10.71, 7.93 그리고 5.60mg/l으로 GE2 및 세라믹담체의 적용에 의하여 처리효율이 향상되었다. 한편, 희석배율이 낮아짐에 따라 COD_Mn과 phenol 처리효율에는 큰 변화가 없으나, 유출수의 COD_Mn과 phenol농도가 높아졌다. 따라서, 원폐수를 40배 희석하여 GE2와 세라믹담체를 첨가하여 처리할 경우 유출수의 COD_Mn과 phenol 농도가 32와 1.02mg/l로 수계의 방류수 수질기준에 충분히 적합한 생물학적 처리로 사료된다. A phenolic resin industrial wastewater containing about 41,000 mg/l of phenol and 2,800 mg/l of formaldehyde was biologically treated by a mixed culture GE2 immobilized on ceramic beads. This study was carried out with three experimental groups : Control-only added the sludge of papermill wastewater ; GE2 treatment-added GE2 to Control ; Ceramic treatment-applied ceramic carrier to GE2 treatment. When the original wastewater was diluted 80 times with aerated tap-water, influent COD_Mn was 1,140 mg/l and that of the effluent was in the range of 22∼35 mg/l, which was not much different among the experimental groups. However, at 20-times dilution, influent COD_Mn was 4,800 mg/l and the effluent COD_Mn of control, GE2 treatment and Ceramic treatment was 179, 128 and 94 mg/l, respectively. COD_Mn removal efficiency by Ceramic treatment was the highest, at 98.0%. At this time, the effluent phenol concentration of Control, GE2 treatment and Ceramic treatment was 10.71, 7.93 and 5.60, respectively. As the dilution times decreased, the removal efficiency of COD_Mn and phenol did not change much, but COD_Mn and phenol concentration of the effluent increased. Consequently, it is likely that the phenolic industrial wastewater containing phenol and formaldehyde can be biologically treated using a GE2 and ceramic carrier and that at 40-times dilution, the effluent completely meets the effluent standards for industrial wastewater treatment plant.

Immobilization of phenol-containing compounds via electrochemical activation of a urazole derivative

Jisu Kim,Noo-ri Kim,김승우,김영관,여운석 대한화학회 2022 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.43 No.2

We introduce an efficient method for the immobilization of phenolic compounds, based on 1,2,4,-triazoline-3,5-dione (TAD), which selectively reacts with phenolic compounds at the α position to the phenolic hydroxyl group, ensuring intact phenol functionality, and therefore, maintaining the biological activity of the phenolic compound. We prepared self-assembled monolayers on gold that presented urazole (the reduced form of TAD) as the terminal group and which were activated electrochemically without treatment with chemical oxidants, allowing on-demand activation and in situ immobilization of the phenolic compounds. We examined the immobilization of various phenolic compounds and verified the surface chemistry using electrochemistry and mass spectrometry. The proposed method is simple and straightforward and does not require complicated protocols and reagents, and thus, it can be a general and practical platform for the immobilization of phenol-containing molecules on the surfaces of various materials.

한약재 장기 보존을 위해 감마선 조사한 독활(Aralia continentalis) 추출물의 항산화 효과 비교

박혜진(Hye-Jin Park),홍은진(Eun-Jin Hong),홍신협(Shin-Hyub Hong),조영제(Young-Je Cho) 한국식품영양과학회 2017 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.46 No.1

본 연구에서는 한약재의 장기보존을 위한 위생처리법으로 잘 알려진 감마선 조사 처리 시 독활 추출물의 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 천연 약용식물인 독활의 감마선 조사 처리에 따른 조사 판별 marker 확인을 위해 광자극 발광법, 열발광분석법, 전자스핀공명법을 이용하여 확인시험법의 판별 특성을 확인하였다. 그 결과 광자극발광법에서 비조사구 0 kGy에서 891.00 PCs의 중간시료 수치를 나타내어 광자극발광법 단독으로는 조사 여부 판별 확인이 어려운 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만 열발광분석법, 전자스핀 공명법에서는 조사구와 비조사구 간의 차이를 명확히 확인할 수 있었으며, 이를 통해 한약재인 독활은 3가지 확인 시험법을 모두 적용하여 분석하는 것이 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 에탄올 농도별 추출에서는 50% 에탄올에서 비조사구 0 kGy와 조사구 10 kGy에서 각각 5.98 mg/g, 6.86 mg/g의 함량을 나타내었다. 항산화 활성 확인을 위해 추출물의 phenolic 농도를 50~200 μg/mL로 조절하여 DPPH radical 소거 효과를 측정한 결과 열수와 50% 에탄올 추출물의 비조사구 0 kGy와 조사구 10 kGy 50~200 μg/mL phenolic 농도 전 구간에서 84.04~100.00%의 매우 높은 소거효과를 나타내었으나, 감마선 조사 처리에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. ABTS radical 소거 활성 측정 결과 열수와 50% 에탄올 추출물의 비조사구 0 kGy와 조사구 10 kGy 200 μg/mL phenolic 농도에서 95% 이상의 높은 소거 효과를 나타내었다. Antioxidant protection factor(PF) 측정 결과 100 μg/mL phenolic 농도 처리 시 열수 추출물 비조사구 0 kGy와 조사구 10 kGy에서 각각 2.51 PF, 2.01 PF, 50% 에탄올 추출물 비조사구 0 kGy와 조사구 10 kGy는 각각 1.38 PF, 1.48 PF를 나타내었다. TBARs 저해 효과는 50~200 μg/mL phenolic 농도 전 구간에서 열수 추출물 비조사구 0 kGy와 조사구 10 kGy에서 65.23~83.10%를 나타냈으며, 50% 에탄올 추출물 비조사구 0 kGy와 조사구 10 kGy에서 70.67~95.81%로 농도 의존적으로 증가하는 양상을 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과 감마선 조사 처리에 따른 total phenolic compounds 함량은 열수 추출물의 경우 조사 처리 후 함량이 감소하였고, 50% 에탄올 추출물의 경우 조사 처리 후 함량이 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 독활의 장기저장을 위해 처리한 감마선 조사 전과 후 독활 추출물의 항산화 활성 변화에는 큰 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 보이며 이는 감마선 조사법이 독활을 포함한 한약재의 장기저장을 위한 처리법으로 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. In this study, extracts of gamma-irradiated Aralia continentalis for health and beauty food resources were examined on antioxidant activities and increasing extraction yield. In photostimulated luminescence analysis, non-irradiated (0 kGy) sample showed an intermediate result of 891.00 photon counts (PCs), whereas irradiated (5 and 10 kGy) samples showed positive results of 79,956.67 and 282,498.67 PCs, respectively. The thermoluminescence ratio of non-irradiated samples was 0.018, whereas the values of irradiated samples (5 and 10 kGy) were 0.395 and 0.464, respectively. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis as a physical technique for irradiation identification of Aralia continentalis showed a pair of peaks on a space of 6.0 mT in the symmetric ESR spectrums. For phenolics of gamma-irradiated Aralia continentalis, water extracts had the highest amounts of 7.61 mg/g at non-irradiated condition (0 kGy) while 50% ethanol extracts had the highest amounts of 6.86 mg/g at 10 kGy irradiation. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity of water and 50% ethanol extracts from non-irradiated and irradiated Aralia continentalis were very high (94.99∼100.00%). 2,2’-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation inhibitory activity was over 95.00% at 200 μg/mL phenolics. Antioxidant protection factor (PF) showed a very high level of activity (1.38∼2.51 PF). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance inhibitory activity was high (70% and 95%, respectively). Thus, treatment of gamma irradiation can be used as a method of storage for long-term preservation of Oriental medicine.

적포도(Muscat Bailey A)주 발효 중 효소 처리에 의한 Phenol류 추출 및 색도 변화에 관한 연구

이정윤 ( Jeung Yun Lee ),채수규 ( Soo Kyu Chae ) 한국식품영양학회 2010 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

This study was designed to test the effects of enzyme treatments on the extraction of total phenolic compounds and on color characteristics in wines from domestic MBA(Muscat Bailey A)grapes. The total phenolic compound content of the MBA grape wine was 1,352.8±37.8㎎/ℓat 10 days of fermentation. Furthermore, MBA wines treated with 2%(v/v) of Pectinex and Viscozyme had 14.5%(p<0.05) and 3.8% increase, respectively, in total phenolic compound content by 10 days of fermentation. Pectinex treatment was more effective for phenolic levels than Viscozyme treatment. The L, a and b values of the MBA grape wine were 7.4, 9.2 and -1.2, respectively, by 10 days of fermentation. The values in case of Pectinex enzyme treatment were 7.0, 10.6 and -0.8, respectively, and these values were significantly different according to Pectinex treatment(p<0.05). But the values in case of Viscozyme enzyme treatment were 7.2, 9.8 and -1.1, respectively, and these values were not different according to Viscozyme treatment. The hue and color intensity values of the MBA grape wine were 0.492 and 0.785, respectively, by 10 days of fermentation. The values in case of Pectinex enzyme treatment were 0.460 and 0.881, respectively. And as a result of the Pectinex treatment, the hue value of wine was decreased and color intensity was increased slightly(p<0.05). But the values in case of Viscozyme enzyme treatment were 0.482 and 0.805, respectively, and these values were not different according to the Viscozyme treatment.

구형 페놀수지 입자의 크레졸을 이용한 가교조절 및 탄화물성 변화

한동석 ( Dongseok Hahn ),김홍경 ( Hongkyeong Kim ) 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.58 No.4

구형 페놀수지 입자 및 상대적으로 가교밀도가 낮은 구형 페놀-크레졸 공중합체 수지를 페놀, ortho-크레졸, 및 포름 알데히드로부터 염기성 촉매인 트리에틸아민(triethylamine)의 존재 하에 98 ℃에서 현탁중합을 통하여 합성하였다. 페놀은 두 개의 ortho 및 한 개의 para 위치에서 포름알데히드와 반응하여 가교구조를 형성하지만 ortho-크레졸은 선점된 하나의 ortho 위치의 methyl 기로 인하여 공중합 시 가교 밀도를 저하시킨다. 그 영향으로 700 ℃ 질소 환경에서의 탄화 시 구형 페놀수지 비드에 비해 구형 페놀-크레졸 공중합체 수지의 경우 겉보기 밀도의 감소와 함께 수축율의 증가 현상이 일어나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 크레졸 올리고머의 분자량이 증가함에 따라 탄화 된 공중 합체 비드의 기공 반경이 감소하여 밀도 및 수축 결과와 일치 하였으며, 크레졸을 이용하여 구형 페놀수지 입자의 가교도를 조절함으로써 탄화과정에서의 밀도 감소율이 약 3~6%포인트 증가되고, 수축율은 약 6~20%포인트 증가함을 확인하였다. Spherical phenolic resin beads were synthesized by suspension polymerization at 98 ℃ from phenol, ortho-cresol, formaldehyde, with triethylamine as a basic catalyst, and spherical phenol-cresol copolymer resin beads with relatively low crosslinking density as well. Phenol reacts with formaldehyde at two ortho- and one para- positions to form a crosslinked structure, but ortho-cresol instead of phenol reduces the crosslinking density during copolymerization due to the methyl group at a ortho- position. As a result, spherical phenol-cresol copolymer beads showed more shrinkage with decreasing apparent density compared to the spherical phenol beads when carbonized at 700 ℃ under nitrogen. As the molecular weight of the cresol oligomer increases, the pore radius of the carbonized copolymer beads decreases, which is consistent with the density and shrinkage results. It was confirmed that the characteristics such as density decrease, shrinkage, yield and so on during carbonization can be controlled by controlling the degree of crosslinking of the spherical phenolic resin particles with cresol.

Phenolic-Containing Organic Extracts of Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaves Inhibit HepG2 Hepatoma Cells Through G2/M Phase Arrest, Induction of Apoptosis, and Inhibition of Topoisomerase IIα Activity

Wanlaya Naowaratwattana,Wanchai De-Eknamkul,Elvira Gonzalez De Mejia 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.5

The entire plant of Morus alba L. (Family Moraceae), or mulberry, possesses medical benefits, including anticancer properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of mulberry leaf extracts on the human hepatoma HepG2 cell line, which is related to hepatocellular carcinoma. Mulberry leaf extracts were prepared using four solvents, each with different polarities: 100% methanol (MeOH), 50% aqueous MeOH, 1-butanol (BuOH), and hot water (W). The phenolic profile, total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, and effect on human hepatoma HepG2 cells of the leaf extracts were analyzed by examining cytotoxicity, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, expression of topoisomerase IIα, and proteins involved in cell cycle progression. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that 100% MeOH, 50% MeOH, and BuOH extracts contained rutin, isoquercetin, and various derivatives of kaempferol and quercetin glycosides as their major constituents; the W extract contained primarily chlorogenic acid and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives. Total phenolic content based on rutin equivalents was 17.1%, 9.6%, 8.3%, and 6.5% of dry 100% MeOH, 50% MeOH, BuOH, and W extracts, respectively. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities were 70.0%, 45.8%, 41.0%, and 33.6%, and 50% inhibitory concentration values were 33.1, 79.4, 35.6, and 204.2μg/mL for HepG2 cell proliferation inhibition for 100% MeOH, 50% MeOH, BuOH, and W extracts, respectively. MeOH extracts caused cell cycle G2/M arrest and induced the caspase cascade and apoptosis, but the W extract had very little effect on cell cycle progression. MeOH extracts reduced the level of topoisomerase IIα but increased the level of p27Kip1, with no significant effect on p21Cip1/waf1. Therefore, we concluded that phenolic-containing organic extracts of mulberry leaves inhibit the growth of HepG2 hepatoma cells through coordinated actions of inducing cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase (with p27Kip1 protein expression), inhibiting topoisomerase IIα activity, and inducing cell apoptosis by activation of caspases.