코사인 유사도를 이용한 이주패턴 변화의 정량적 측정

한이철 한국농촌계획학회 2017 농촌계획 Vol.23 No.2

Migration is defined as the movement of people between residential places, and represents interactions between regions. Changes in migration involve changes in both the number of migrants toward/from regions and migration patterns across regions. However, most migration studies have focused only on the change in migrants, while no empirical study captures changes in migration patterns. In this paper, I present a function using the cosine similarity to measure changes in migration patterns, and apply it to 2001-2016 migration data of Korea. The results show that the migration patterns of Korea shifted in 2007, resulting in two distinct clusters. Local areas experienced various migration pattern changes despite few changes in the number of migrants.

Charge Migration Analysis of 3D SONOS NAND Flash Memory Using Test Pattern

Jun-Kyo Jeong,Jae-Young Sung,Hee-Hoon Yang,Hi-Deok Lee,Ga-Won Lee 대한전자공학회 2020 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.20 No.2

In this study, new test patterns to evaluate the charge migration in 3D SONOS NAND flash memory are suggested. The charge migration in Si3N4, the charge trapping layer of SONOS is an important factor affecting the performance of the memory. To analyze the charge migration based on the proposed test pattern, the device was fabricated with a capacitor structure, and the charge loss and retention properties were measured by capacitance-voltage analysis. The charge loss due to lateral migration and vertical migration can be separately calculated using the test pattern. In addition, the activation energy was extracted to identify the cause of charge migration. This study is expected to contribute to the reliability problem of charge migration of 3D NADN Flash memory.

PCB의 이온-마이그레이션에 영향을 미치는 주요요인

장인혁(In-Hyeok Jang),김정호(Jeong-Ho Kim),오길구(Gil-Gu Oh),이영주(Young-Joo Lee),임홍우(Hong-Woo Lim),최연옥(Youn-Ok Choi) 한국신뢰성학회 2016 신뢰성응용연구 Vol.16 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study is main factors (environmental conditions, pattern spacing, pattern material) that effect the ion-migration of PCB. Methods: Recently, the electronic components are becoming more high density of electronic device, so that electronic circuits have smaller pitches between the patten and more vulnerable to insulation failure. so the reliability of electric insulation of device has become an ever important issue as device contact pitches of pattern. Usually, ion-migration occurs in high temperature and high humidity environment as voltage is applied to the circuit. Under high temperature and high humidity, voltage applied electronic components respond to applied voltages by metals’s electrochemical ionization and a conducting filament forms between the anode and cathode across a nonmetallic medium. This leads to short-circuit failure of the electronic component. Results: we studied ion-migration that occurs in accordance with the main factors (environmental conditions, pitches, pattern material). The PCB pattern material was made by two different types of material (free solder, OSP) for this research and pitches of pattern is 0.15mm, 0.3mm, 0.5mm. PCB was experimented in the environmental conditions (high temperature 120℃, high temperature and high humidity 85℃, 85%RH) and was analyzed for ion-migration through the experiment results. Conclusion: We confirmed that environmental condition, pitches of pattern, pattern material had effect on ion-migration of PCB.

영남지역 청동기시대 조기와 전기의 취락구조

김권구(Kim, Gwon Gu) 영남고고학회 2021 嶺南考古學 Vol.- No.90

이 논문의 목적은 영남지역 청동기시대 조기와 전기의 취락구조를 밝히고 사회적 특성을 검토하는 것이다. 청동기시대 조기와 전기의 취락의 전모가 잘 나타난 취락자료를 분석대상자료로 선택하였다. 이 논문에서는 사회최소구성단위로서의 주거지의 규모와 수, 가구와 거주방식, 취락 속의 주거지 수와 배치양상, 저장시설 배치양상, 취락의 구성요소에 대한 분석을 통하여 청동기시대 영남지역 취락구조와 사회양상을 밝혀 보고자 한다. 또 이 논문에서는 영남지역 청동기시대를 조기(돌대문토기단계), 전기전반(가락동식토기단계, 흔암리식토기단계), 전기후반(구순각목문토기단계, 공열토기단계)으로 구분하고자 하며 검단리식토기단계와 송국리식토기단계는 청동기시대 후기로 설정하고 이 논문에서는 분석대상에서 제외하였다. 이 논문의 주요내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째 청동기시대 조기에는 대체로 10기 내외의 대규모 주거지가 열상배치(列狀配置)되는 모습을 보인다. 취락은 소규모 취락의 경우가 많으며 대형 주거지 1-2기가 함께 조사되는 사례가 다수 확인된다. 조기의 취락형태는 1-2km 거리에 걸친 분산연계형 취락(分散連繫型 聚落)으로서 이주확산형 취락(移住擴散型 聚落)일 가능성이 크다. 둘째 청동기시대 전기전반에는 10기 내외의 대규모 주거지나 중간 규모 주거지가 취락 내에 열상 배치되는 양상이며 취락은 대부분 소규모이다. 물론 조사된 주거지 모두가 거주용 시설이라고 생각할 수는 없다. 그러나 지역에 따라서는 김천 송죽리유적의 경우처럼 취락 내 주거지의 배치가 점차 환상배치양상(環狀配置樣相)을 띠기 시작한다. 또 대규모 주거지 1-2기에 사람들이 거주하였고 가구단위는 확대가족이면서 취락구조는 이주확산형 취락구조였던 것으로 추정된다. 셋째 청동기시대 전기후반에는 100기 내외의 중소규모 주거지들이 환상(環狀)으로 배치된 주거군(住居群)이 여럿분포하는 취락모습을 띠며 취락규모상 취락위계가 발생하고 중심취락도 출현한 것으로 보인다. 넷째 청동기시대 전기전반에서 전기후반으로 가면서 가구의 안전을 중시한 대규모 주거지에서의 공동생활방식과같은 거주방식에서 사생활보호(私生活保護)를 강조하는 개별적 거주방식으로의 변화가 발생한 것으로 추정된다. 청동기시대 전기후반의 취락구조와 분포양상은 정착심화형 취락(定着深化型 聚落)의 양상이며 집단영역의 배타적 점유를강조하여 지석묘와 선돌이 적극적으로 축조되는 양상이며 청동기시대 후기로 들어가면 이러한 경향이 더욱 심화되어지석묘가 다양한 방식으로 축조된다. This thesis aims to trace settlement patterns of Youngnam Region during the Initial Bronze Age to the Early Bronze Age along with settlement structures to review its social features. Relatively well preserved settlements have been selected as research data. The methodologies adopted will review the size of dwelling sites and the number of clustered dwelling sites as a minimum social unit, household and dwelling style, the number of dwelling sites in a settlement and their distributional patterns, the arrangement of storage facilities, compositions of a settlement, and so on, to trace the structures of the settlements and their social features in Youngnam Region during the related Bronze Age. In this thesis the Bronze Age of Youngnam Region has been subdivided into the Initial Phase characterized by the culture of the coarsely plain pottery with raised band, the Earlier Early Phase featured by the culture of the Garak-dong-styled coarsely plain pottery and the culture of the Heunam-ri–styled coarsely plain pottery, the Later Early Phase notified by the culture of the coarsely plain pottery with notched strip on rim and the culture of the rim-perforated coarsely plain pottery, and the Late Phase identified by the culture of the Songguk-ri-styled coarsely plain pottery or the culture of the Geomdan-ri-styled coarsely plain pottery. However the late Phase has been excluded because it is not the period this thesis deals with at all. The main research results of this thesis can be summarized as follows: Firstly, the Initial Phase of the Bronze Age witnessed the emergence of small settlements consisting of less than ten large-sized dwelling sites, of which layout was similar to a linear distributional pattern. Mainly the number of dwelling sites are one or two. The distributional pattern among settlements shows the sparsely scattered distributional types within roughly one or two km radius, which might be related to the migration-spread distributional settlement type.Secondly, the Earlier Early Phase of the Bronze Age also witnessed the appearance of small settlements within ten or so large-sized or medium sized dwelling sites, of which layout within settlements were similar to a linear patterns as well. Of course all of the pit houses excavated from a settlement were not to be used as a dwelling space. However some settlements such as Songjuk-ri site, Gimcheon, began to have circular distributional patterns in cluster within each settlement. Villagers seemed to have lived in one or two large-scaled dwelling sites. The household unit of this phase have been thought to be related to an extended family and its settlement structure seems to be related to the migration-spread distributional settlement type. Thirdly, during the Later Early Phase of the Bronze Age one hundred or so small-sized or medium-sized dwelling sites began to be appeared, of which layout in cluster inside settlements showed circular distributional patterns. In addition a settlement consisted of various clusters of dwelling sites and some kinds of settlement hierarchy emerged along with a large-scaled central village. Fourthly, the Later Early Phase of the Bronze Age was estimated to witness changes in dwelling styles from a communal dwelling style in a large-sized dwelling site emphasizing household safety to an individualistic dwelling style focusing privacy protection. The settlement structures of the Later Early Phase of the Bronze Age and its distributional patterns are considered to be a kind of sedentary intensification-type distributional settlement emphasizing the exclusive occupation of a group territory by way of active uses of dolmens and menhirs. During the Late Phase of the Bronze Age such a trend to build up megalith monuments had been intensified, which had yielded enormous spread of various dolmens in diverse way.

충북지역 시·군의 인구이동 패턴에 관한 기초연구

홍성조 한국교통대학교 2016 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.51 No.-

The aim of this study is to analyze migration patterns in Chungcheongbuk-do region. This study used raw data of 2015 internal migration statistics which ware collected from resident registration, and this data include whole registered moving in Korea. We extract 361,609 moving cases which are moving into Chungcheongbuk-do and moving out from Chungcheongbuk-do. The results may be summarized as follows. First, large population moves from SMA(Seoul Metropolitan Area) to Chungcheongbuk-do. Second, urbanized regions(Si) lose population and rural regions(Gun) gains population by migration. Cheongju-si, the largest city in Chungcheongbuk-do, gain population from other region in Chungcheongbuk-do, and lose population to outside of Chungcheongbuk-do. These findings have some policy implications for local government with limited budgets, depopulation and aging society.

도시정비사업에 따른 원거주민의 이주패턴과 거주행태 변화 분석

임은선,유재윤,김걸 국토연구원 2010 국토연구 Vol.66 No.-

This research investigates the changes in residential environments of out-migrants in urban regeneration project areas and out-migrants' movement patterns. The migration patterns of out-migrants residing in case study areas were analyzed. The GIS based spatial statistic methods such as kernel density analysis, and cluster analysis were used to analyze residents' movement patterns. The case study areas were Daegu Samdeog residential improvement, Geumho redevelopment, and Eunpyeong newtown project area. Using the out-migrants' location data, the voluntary/enforced migrants' movement was compared and the movement pattern, distance and direction was analyzed based on the statistical data such as residents' roster. For obtaining qualitative information on residents, survey and interview were performed. The spatial analysis results on migration patterns show that out-migrants have a tendency to resettle original residence that experienced the redevelopment. In addition, out-migrants were clustered between them. Survey results for identifying housing demander's preference indicate that housing occupation type changed from ownership to rent. Qualitative interview indicates that out-migrants experienced economic problems and psychological fear caused by breakdown of commercial areas. 이 연구는 도시정비사업에 따라 이주하게 된 원거주민의 이주패턴과 주거환경 및 거주행태의 변화를 분석한 것이다. 원거주민 이주정보를 이용하여 패턴분석에 활용할 수 있는 커넬밀도분석, 군집분석 등 GIS 기반의 공간통계분석기법을 살펴보고, 대상지 원거주민의 이주패턴을 분석하였다. 사례분석은 대구 삼덕 주거환경개선지구, 금호재개발사업지구, 은평뉴타운사업지구를 대상으로 하였다. 이주자 주소정보를 활용하여 자발적 이주자와 비자발적 이주자의 이주패턴을 비교하였으며, 이주거리 및 방향 등을 분석하였다. 이주패턴에 대한 공간분석 결과, 이주자들은 원래의 거주지 근처에 정착하려는 경향이 나타났으며, 이주자들 간의 군집패턴도 나타났다. 설문조사 결과, 주거점유형태의 경우 자가보유에서 전세 등 임대로 바뀐 사례가 다소 늘어나 정착기간 중의 과도기적 현상을 나타내고 있으며 주거환경과 접근성 등은 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 이와 함께 심층면담에 의하여 이주민들의 경제적 문제와 커뮤니티의 해체로 인한 심리적 스트레스 등에 대한 의견도 청취하였다.

3차원적 가뭄사상 특성 분석 및 시공간적 이동 패턴 분석

유지영,김장경,유도근,김태웅 한국수자원학회 2019 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.52 No.12

There are various research works on the spatio-temporal drought analysis because spatio-temporal behaviors of drought are essential for understanding the development and migration patterns of drought events. This study quantified three-dimensional drought events using the 6-month Standard Precipitation Index (SPI6). A total of 45 drought events were found during the analysis period, and the migration patterns of drought event in South Korea were analyzed using the centers of drought events. In South Korea, more droughts were migrated frequently in the north/south direction than in the east/west direction. In addition, droughts moving eastward have decreased since 2000, while droughts moving northward have been found to be longer. The results of spatio-temporal drought analysis may be highly utilized for understanding drought development and migration patterns. 가뭄의 발달과 이동패턴을 이해하기 위한 기초연구인 가뭄의 시공간적인 해석은 지금까지 다양하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 6개월 누가강수량을 기반으로 산정하는 표준강수지수(SPI6)를 사용하여 가뭄사상을 3차원적 개념으로 정량화 했다. 분석기간 동안 총 45개 가뭄사상이 발견되었으며, 가뭄사상별 중심을 이용하여 가뭄사상의 이동패턴을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 우리나라는 동/서 방향에 비해 남/북 방향으로 가뭄사상이 이동하는 빈도가 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 2000년 이후 동쪽으로 이동하는 가뭄사상의 발생빈도가 감소한 반면, 북쪽으로 이동하는 가뭄사상은 더욱 장기화 되는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 시공간적 가뭄사상의 특성 분석 결과는 가뭄의 발달과 이동패턴을 이해하는 데 활용도가 높을 것으로 기대된다.

3차원 플래시 메모리의 전하 손실 원인 규명을 위한 Activation Energy 분석

양희훈,성재영,이휘연,정준교,이가원 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2019 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.18 No.2

The reliability of 3D NAND flash memory cell is affected by the charge migration which can be divided into the vertical migration and the lateral migration. To clarify the difference of two migrations, the activation energy of the charge loss is extracted and compared in a conventional square device pattern and a new test pattern where the perimeter of the gate is exaggerated but the area is same. The charge loss is larger in the suggested test pattern and the activation energy is extracted to be 0.058 eV while the activation energy is 0.28 eV in the square pattern.

Globale ökonomische Eliten? Eine Globalisierungsthese auf dem Prüfstand der Empirie

Markus Pohlmann 이화여자대학교 사회과학연구소 2009 21세기의 글로벌화와 사회변동 Vol. No.

Ziel des Beitrages ist die U¨berprüfung der, in der Globalisierungsliteratur häufig formulierten Annahme, daβ die Internationalisierung des Managements jener der Unternehmen folge undglobale Märkte zu einem verschärften Wettbewerb um die besten Köpfe führten. Anhand empirischer Daten und Analysen zur Internationalisierung des Managements u.a. bei den Top 100 Industrieunternehmen in den USA, Ostasien und Deutschland zeigt der Beitrag auf, daβ weder das mittlere Management noch die Spitzenmanager ihre Karrieren im Ausland machen. Vielmehr hat sich eine Entsendedynamik mit eher kurzfristigen Auslandsaufenthalten etabliert, die mit der Bevorzugung yon Insidern für Spitzenpositionen kompatibel ist. Je weniger revidierbar eine Rekrutierungsentscheidung erscheint, je stärker Clans oder dominante Koalitionen die Karrieremechanismen zur Statusreproduktion nutzen und je stärker kulturelle "Dunkelfaktoren" die Karrieresysteme beeinflussen, desto höher ist die Präferenz für Hauskarrieren. Der "brain drain" zwischen den entwickelten OECD-Ländern hält sich daher in engen Grenzen. Global Economic Elites? The Globalization-Hypothesis and its Empirical Proof Does globalization lead to global markets for managers and international careers? The hypothesis of the globalization literature, that a transnational management is emerging out of a global "war of talents" is examinded by using data on the migration of managers from the U.S., East Asia and Germany. The data show, that no significant brain drain between these countries is taking place and "brain circulation" of insiders with short-term stays abroad is the dominant career pattern. The less likely the exchange of an installed CEO, the more career systems are used for status achievement by Clans and the stronger the influence of informal cultural rules, the higher is the rate of insiders. Thus, between the U.S., Germany and East Aisa no significant global markets for managers are evolving.

원주민과 이민자의 첫 출산 패턴과 영향 요인 분석

임지영,우해봉 한국보건사회연구원 2023 保健社會硏究 Vol.43 No.3

이민이 인구 문제의 해결 방안 중 하나로 고려되고 있다. 그러나 이민자의 출산이 어떤 요인들과의 관계 속에서 어떤 과정을 통해 결정되고 이루어지는지에 대해서는 아직 규명해야 할 지점이 남아 있다. 이 연구는 원주민과 이민자의 첫 출산 패턴을 분석하여 그 미시적 과정을 알아보고 이민자의 출산에 사회인구학적 변인이 어떤 영향을 미치는지 파악하고자 하는 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 2020년 인구주택총조사 20% 표본 자료로 이산형 생존분석을 시도하였다. 원주민과 이민자를 통합하여 분석한 모형과 이민자만을 분석한 모형에서 모두 이민자 지위, 혼인 형태, 교육 수준, 출생 코호트 등의 사회인구학적 요인이 영향을 미쳐 첫 출산의 속도와 최종 수준에서 차이가 나타났다. 통합 모형에서는 혼인 형태, 교육 수준과 출생 코호트 간의 상호작용에 따라 이민자의 출산 행동이 조정되고 있었고, 이민자 모형에서는 입국 시기를 전후하여 이민자의 첫 출산 위험이 증가하며 출생 국가별로 그 증가의 폭이 달라 거주 기간 역시 첫 출산 패턴에 영향을 주는 요인임을 확인하였다. 분석 결과를 통해 이민자 내부의 이질성을 파악할 수 있었으며, 이 이질성은 그들의 출산 행동을 이해하는 데 중요한 지점이 될 것이다. This paper is to understand the fertility behavior of native and immigrant women in South Korea. We conducted a discrete-time survival analysis with the 2020 census 20% sample microdata to analyze immigrants' first birth patterns and influencing factors. In both the integrated (native and immigrant) model and immigrant models, sociodemographic factors such as immigrant status, marital status, educational attainment, and birth cohort differed in the speed and eventual level of first birth patterns. In the integrated model, the fertility behavior of immigrants was adjusted across education levels and birth cohorts. In the case of the immigrant model, the risk of first birth increased before and after the arrival of the immigrant, and the magnitude of the increase varied by the country of origin, confirming that the length of residence is also a factor influencing the first birth patterns. The analysis reveals heterogeneity within immigrants, which is crucial for understanding their fertility behavior.