Minimum Entropy Deconvolution(MED) 필터의 유사도 기반 시간동기평균화를 통한 회전설비 결함진단

하종문 한국비파괴검사학회 2023 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.43 No.4

The minimum entropy deconvolution (MED) filter is widely employed in the extraction of weak fault-related features in vibration signals measured from a rotating machinery. However, the MED filter is vulnerable to external noise because the filter is designed to extract all impulsive fault-like features in the signal. Time synchronous averaging (TSA) can be used to solve this problem because it can extract repetitive fault-induced features while reducing the random noise via the ensemble averaging of the MED-filtered signal for each machinery cycle. However, it is difficult to extract the fault-related features via the TSA process if the MED-filtered signal does not have similar patterns for each unit cycle of the system. To solve this challenge, a similarity-based TSA process for the MED-filtered signal is proposed in this study. The proposed method involves the division of the MED-filtered signal into multiple segments based on the rotating frequency of the system, and the selection of the fault-related segments based on the inter-similarity score. Subsequently, the TSA of the selected signals is used to effectively extract the faulty features while reducing the effect of the noise. The performance of the proposed method is then validated using a planetary gearbox testbed. Minimum Entropy Deconvolution(MED) 필터는 복잡한 진동 신호에서 충격성(Impulsive) 형태를 띄는회전 설비의 미세 결함특성을 추출하기 위해 널리 사용되는 신호분석 기법이다. 하지만 MED 필터는 신호내에 포함된 모든 충격성 결함 유사 특성을 강조하기 때문에 외부 노이즈에 민감하다는 단점을 갖는다. 이를해결하기 위해 회전설비의 회전주기별로 MED 필터링 결과를 분할한 후 앙상블(Ensemble) 평균을 취하는 시간동기평균화 기법을 도입하여 반복 결함신호의 추출 및 노이즈 제거가 가능하다. 하지만 회전설비의 특성상매 회전마다 같은 결함특성이 발생하지 않는다면 시간동기평균화를 통한 결함특성의 효과적인 추출이 불가하다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 MED 필터링 신호의 유사도 기반 시간동기 평균화기법을제안한다. 제안 기법은 MED 필터링 신호를 회전 주기별로 나누고, 각 신호에 대한 유사성에 기반하여 결함특성을 공통적으로 가지는 신호를 선별한다. 이후 선별된 신호에 대한 시간동기평균화를 통해 결함과 관련된특성만을 추출하고, 결함과 무관한 노이즈성 신호를 제거하는 것을 특징으로 한다. 유성기어박스 테스트베드를 활용한 검증 결과 제안된 기법은 기존의 MED 필터 및 시간동기평균화기법 대비 고장진단 성능이 뛰어남을 확인하였다.

한국 마이크로크레딧 프로그램의 성공적인 운영에 대한 고찰 : 미국 Microenterprise Development(MED) Program 평가를 중심으로

안소영 이화여자대학교 사회복지연구소 2008 사회복지 학생연구논총 Vol.1 No.-

본 연구는 최근 휴면관리재단설립으로 공론화되고 있는 마이크로크레딧 프로그램의 성공적인 운영에 대해 고찰해 보고자 한 것이다. 이를 위해 1990년부터 16년간 실행해온 미국 Microenterprise development(MED) Program를 평가함으로써 함의를 도출하였다. 우선 미국 MED프로그램의 효과성을 빈곤탈피(공공부조 의존도 감소), 사회적 휴먼캐피탈증가, 지역사회 일자리 창출 측면에서 밝힌 후 MED 프로그램 운영체계의 성공요인을 대상 선정의 중요성, 자금대출과 함께 창업훈련 병행으로 파악하였다. 또한 미국 MED프로그램의 한계점을 개발도상국 MED프로그램과 비교를 통해 살펴보고 사회적, 재정적, 행정적 조정 측면에서 재논의 하였다. 이러한 프로그램의 효과성, 성공요인, 한계점을 기초로 한국 마이크로크레딧 프로그램에 시사점을 제시함으로써 성공적인 운영을 탐색하였다. The purpose of this study is to find out the implications of successful operation of the Micro-Credit Program that is being publicly discussed as a dormancy management foundation was established. To this end, this shudy evaluated the Microenterprise development (MED) Program that has been implemented in the United States for 16years, starting from 1990. As a result, this study identified the effects of this program on society such as a reduction in poverty, a decline in dependency on the government assistance for the poor, an increase in social and human capital, and creation of jobs at the local level, and also found the success factors in selection of adequate recipients and training on business start-up in parallel with provision of loan. This study also compared the U.S. MED program with other MED programs in developing countries and discussed various issues on social, financial, and administrative aspects. Based on the effects, success factors, and limitations of U.S. MED programs, this study explored how best to implement Korea's Micro-Credit Program in terms of lending techniques, financial products, non-financial Services, and management procedures.

국제 상사분쟁의 새로운 경향 : 중국, 싱가포르, 미국의 Med-Arb(조정-중재) 하이브리드의 출현과 함의

김대중,김세진 한국세계지역학회 2019 世界地域硏究論叢 Vol.37 No.1

Recently, use of mediation and Arbitration rather than the use of traditional litigation in domestic as well as international commercial dispute resolution is increasing. International arbitration institutions in Singapore, Shanghai and US are more frequently used as the amount of international commercial arbitration is rising and as amicable settlement become more favored. However, arbitration is losing its inherent advantages such as rapidity and low cost because it becomes quite similar with traditional litigation. Also, mediation is becoming more popular since it makes amicable relationship and thorough statement possible. In Singapore, China and US, mediation-arbitration hybrid has been used to take advantage of both dispute resolution methods. China has been utilizing Arb-Med which executes mediation while arbitration process continues, but this Arb-Med is still early to be used in international dispute resolution regime. Singapore, in the mean time, has been adopting a model clause and has been using a new Arb-Med-Arb hybrid which can be promptly used in international parties. United States has been using Med-Arb in the field of labor dispute ever since 1970s. This Med-Arb in US is combining mediation’s flexibility and arbitration’s enforceability. Recent American Arbitration Association’s making rules regarding seperation of mediator and arbitraor in Med-Arb process is to timely raise transparency and legality of the Med-Arb. Korean government also will need to prepare for the trade dispute with these countries by researching and analyzing this hybrid dispute resolution method. 최근 국내와 국제 상사관계의 분쟁해결은 승패를 가리는 소송보다는 당사자 자치 원칙에의거하여 유연하게 진행할 수 있는 조정과 중재 등의 대체적 분쟁해결(ADR)의 이용률이점차 증가하고 있다. 상사관계에서 우호적인 관계의 지속이 중요해지고, 최근 국제 상사중재의 분쟁 규모가 점차 커지는 가운데 싱가포르, 상하이, 미국 등의 국제 중재기관이 활발하게이용되고 있다. 하지만 상사분쟁의 사건 건수가 증가하고, 이용률이 높아지면서 중재(arbitration)는 신속성, 저렴한 비용, 소송을 대체하는 해결방식이라는 고유의 특성을 잃어가고있다. 이와 더불어, 당사자 간의 우호적인 비즈니스 관계를 유지하면서 이해관계를 깊이있게진술하는 것이 가능하고 중재보다 유연성있는 조정(Mediation)의 이용이 더욱 빈번해지고있다. 현재 중재나 조정 단일 수단으로 해결하기에는 분쟁의 복잡성 문제가 있으며, 중재는소송처럼 고비용화되어지고, 조정은 합의의 구속력이 없는 등의 문제가 남아있다. 이에 중재와조정 등의 대체적 분쟁해결(Alternative Dispute Resolution)을 하이브리드 형 결합을 통해서로의 한계점을 보완하려는 목적으로 싱가포르, 중국, 미국 등에서 다양한 방식이 도출되었다. 중국에서는 조정을 중요시해왔던 역사적 성격으로 중재 중에 조정을 결합한 Arb-Med가있으나 국제적으로 인정받기에는 투명성과 승인집행의 문제가 남아있다. 싱가포르에서는Arb- Med-Arb라는 새로운 중재-조정 결합이 등장하면서 국제적 기준에 맞도록 중재규칙을정하고, 적절한 Model Clause를 제시하였다. 미국에서도 1970년대 이후로 노동분쟁을 비롯한다양한 분야에서 조정-중재(Med-Arb) 하이브리드가 사용되면서 조정의 유연성과 중재의구속력을 결합하고자하였다. 최근 미국의 미국중재협회(AAA)에서 조정인과 중재인을 분리하는 규칙을 만들어내면서 하이브리드형의 한계점을 개선하고자 하였는데, 이는 Med-Arb의 투명성과 적법성을 높이는 것이 그 중요 쟁점이다. 한국 또한 중국, 싱가포르, 미국과의상사 및 무역분쟁에 대비하여 이러한 하이브리드 분쟁해결 기제에 대한 연구와 적절한 입법이필요할 것이다.

사체에서의 MED기구를 이용한 경추 신경근 감압술

노성우,임승철 대한신경외과학회 1999 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.28 No.8

The Arabidopsis Mediator Complex Subunit MED19a is Involved in ABI5-mediated ABA Responses

Xiaohui Li,Rui Yang,Yifu Gong,Haimin Chen 한국식물학회 2018 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.61 No.2

Arabidopsis Mediator complex subunit 19a(MED19a), which mediates interactions between transcriptionalregulators and RNA polymerase II, plays a critical role inplant response to infection by pathogens. However, the rolesof MED19a in other signaling pathways are unknown. Here,we report that MED19a plays an important role in regulationof abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated transcriptional regulation inArabidopsis. Plants deficient in MED19a showed reducedsensitivity to ABA inhibition of seed germination, cotyledongreening, root growth, and stomatal opening. MED19adeficientmutants also had reduced resistance to droughtstress, evidenced by high water-loss rates and low survivalrates. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that MED19amutants had down-regulated ABA-induced genes, includingEm1, Em6, and RD29B, and MED19a could occupy thepromoters of Em1 and Em6 in an ABA-dependent manner. Furthermore, MED19a interacted with the transcription factorABA-insensitive 5 (ABI5) in split-luciferase complementationassays and co-immunoprecipitation assays. An analysis ofdouble mutants (med19a-2 and abi5-7) suggested that theaction of MED19a in ABA signaling was dependent uponABI5. Furthermore, MED19a and ABI5 influenced eachother in recruiting the promoters of the target genes Em1 andEm6, which are involved in embryonic development. Altogether,these results indicate that MED19a acts as a positive regulator inABI5-mediated ABA responses.

오차분포 유클리드 거리 기반 학습법의 커널 사이즈 적응

김남용(Namyong Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.5

오차분포 추정을 위한 커널 사이즈는 오차확률밀도 사이의 유클리드 거리를 최소화 알고리즘의 가중치 갱신에 적합한 커널 사이즈가 될 수 없다. 이 논문에서는 MED 알고리즘의 수렴 성능 향상을 위해 적응적으로 커널 사이즈를 갱신하는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방식은 MED 학습 알고리즘의 가중치 갱신을 위해 커널 사이즈에 대한 오차분산의 평균변화율을 도입하여 MED의 오차에 대한 평균전력이 감소하는 방향으로 커널 사이즈를 조절하도록 하였다. 제안된 적응 커널 추정법을 무선통신 채널의 왜곡 보상에 적용하여 학습 성능을 실험하고 그 효능을 밝혔다. 오차분산에 비례한 작은 값을 가지는 기존의 오차분포 추정 위한 최적 커널 사이즈와 달리, 제안한 방법에 의한 커널 사이즈는 MED 가중치 수렴을 위한 적절한 커널 사이즈로 수렴함을 보였다. 실험 결과로부터 제안한 방법이 MED 알고리즘의 커널 사이즈 설정에 따른 민감성을 크게 해결한 방법이라고 볼 수 있다. The optimum kernel size for error-distribution estimation with given error samples cannot be used in the weight adjustment of minimum Euclidean distance between error distributions (MED) algorithms. In this paper, a new adaptive kernel estimation method for convergence enhancement of MED algorithms is proposed. The proposed method uses the average rate of change in error power with respect to a small interval of the kernel width for weight adjustment of the MED learning algorithm. The proposed kernel adjustment method is applied to experiments in communication channel compensation, and performance improvement is demonstrated. Unlike the conventional method yielding a very small kernel calculated through optimum estimation of error distribution, the proposed method converges to an appropriate kernel size for weight adjustment of the MED algorithm. The experimental results confirm that the proposed kernel estimation method for MED can be considered a method that can solve the sensitivity problem from choosing an appropriate kernel size for the MED algorithm.

MED1 induces M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages to aggravate breast cancer

Shen Ye,Zhou Lianming,Xu Meiyu,Tan Zhanhai,Yao Kai,Wang Wenjie 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.12

Background Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor in female, and its 5-year survival rate remains low. The correlation between mediator subunit 1 (MED1) gene and macrophage phenotypic transformation may be a key factor affecting the therapeutic effect on cancer. Objective The present study intended to explore the role of MED1 in macrophage polarization and its further influence on the malignant behaviors of breast cancer. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was carried out to predict the expression pattern of MED1 in breast cancer. Flow cytometry was conducted to detect the effect of MED1 overexpression or silencing on macrophage polarization. ELISA was applied to analyze the effect of abnormal MED1 expression on cytokine secretion of macrophages. CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell and scratch healing assays were applied to investigate the effects of macrophage conditioned medium on the malignant behaviors of breast cancer cells. Results MED1 expression was prominently increased in M2 macrophages, and overexpression of MED1 significantly increased M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and IL-10 cytokine level. Meanwhile, M2 macrophages with MED1 overexpression could significantly promote the malignant behaviors of breast cancer cells. Dasatinib rescue experiment further confirmed that MED1-induced M2 macrophage polarization could facilitate the malignant progression of breast cancer cells. Conclusion In summary, MED1 could induce M2 macrophage polarization and thus regulate the malignant behaviors of breast cancer cells.

Important factors which contribute to clinical resolution in chronic actinic dermatitis patients: MED values, items of contact/photocontact allergens and disease durations

( Jung-hwan Kim ),( Yeo-rye Cho ),( Ho-jin Kim ),( Gun Wook Kim ),( Ki-ho Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.2

Background: Previous studies have proved that the prognosis of CAD is poorer when the minimal erythema dose (MED) is lower and the number of allergens/ photoallergens detected on testing is high. However, the correlations among disease duration and contact/ photocontact allergens and MED values to one another in the patients with CAD remains unclear. Objectives: We investigated any correlations among MED values, disease duration and allergic patch/photopatch test results to one another according to the disease severity. Methods: This study included 121 patients with CAD. Clinical data analyzed included MED values, disease duration, and various contact/photocontact allergens. Phototesting and patch/photopatch testing were performed in all patients. Results: MED value was inversely correlated with a duration of disease, both in MED-UVA and MED-UVB. As the MED values lower, the higher the number of positive items was in the patch/photopatch testings. The most frequent allergen detected in the patch testing was 4-phenylendiamine HCl and Balsam of peru. The CAD patient with more allergens showed a poorer therapeutic response during 5-years follow up and those patients with more photoallergens have a similar pattern. Conclusion: These results indicate that patch/photopatch testing is mandatory in the CAD patients showing lower MED values with a greater number of contact and photocontact allergens to improve therapeutic responses.

Knockdown of Med19 Suppresses Proliferation and Enhances Chemo-sensitivity to Cisplatin in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

Wei, Ling,Wang, Xing-Wu,Sun, Ju-Jie,Lv, Li-Yan,Xie, Li,Song, Xian-Rang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.3

Mediator 19 (Med19) is a component of the mediator complex which is a coactivator for DNA-binding factors that activate transcription via RNA polymerase II. Accumulating evidence has shown that Med19 plays important roles in cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. The involvement of Med19 in sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin was here investigated. We employed RNA interference to reduce Med19 expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and analyzed their phenotypic changes. The results showed that after Med19 siRNA transfection, expression of Med19 mRNA and protein was dramatically reduced (p<0.05). Meanwhile, impaired growth potential, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin were exhibited. Apoptosis and caspase-3 activity were increased when cells were exposed to Med19 siRNA and/or cisplatin. The present findings suggest that Med19 facilitates tumorigenic properties of NSCLC cells and knockdown of Med19 may be a rational therapeutic tool for lung cancer cisplatin sensitization.

Mutational analysis of <i>MED12</i> exon 2 in uterine leiomyoma and other common tumors

Je, Eun Mi,Kim, Mee Ran,Min, Ki Ouk,Yoo, Nam Jin,Lee, Sug Hyung Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 International journal of cancer: Journal internati Vol.131 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Recurrent somatic mutations in <I>MED12</I> exon 2 have recently been reported in uterine leiomyomas. The recurrent nature of the mutations strongly suggests that the mutations may play important roles in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas. The aim of our study was to see whether <I>MED12</I> exon 2 mutations occur in other human tumors besides uterine leiomyomas. We also attempted to confirm occurrence of the <I>MED12</I> mutations in uterine leiomyomas of Korean patients. For this, we analyzed 1,862 tumor tissues, including a variety of carcinomas, leukemias and stromal tumors by single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis. We found <I>MED12</I> mutations in 35 uterine leiomyomas (35/67; 52.2%) and one colon carcinoma (0.3%), but none in other tumors. The <I>MED12</I> mutations consisted of missense (77%) and inframe insertion‐deletion (23%) mutations, the pattern of which was similar to the earlier report. Our data indicate that <I>MED12</I> exon 2 mutations may be tissue‐specific to uterine leiomyoma and rare in other tumors. Our study suggests that the <I>MED12</I> mutations play unique roles in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas and mutated MED12 could be therapeutically targeted in uterine leiomyomas.</P>