A Study on the Priority of Advancing Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Using AHP

( Sungu Kim ),( Hyeok-ra Choi ),( Heaseon Kim ),( Seon-myung Kim ) 한국환경기술학회 2021 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.22 No.5

In this study, the solution to the problems raised in the hydrogen industry infrastructure construction was considered using the AHP analysis. This research model divided the major decision-making issues of hydrogen infrastructure construction into seven and evaluated the importance and priority of detailed items for each decision-making issue. The result of the analysis indicated that locations near existing gas stations were suitable for installing hydrogen refueling stations. To expand the supply of hydrogen refueling stations, safety concerns and acceptability of the refueling stations were evaluated as the biggest problems to be solved. It was evaluated that the location near the new mass demand was the most suitable location of the hydrogen production facility. Expanding public service advertisements related to hydrogen safety was found to be an appropriate technique for raising public awareness for the expansion of hydrogen infrastructure construction. Insufficient hydrogen infrastructure was evaluated as the most important factor for expanding the hydrogen industry ecosystem in Korea. Therefore, to expand the construction of hydrogen infrastructure, in addition to the subsidies for hydrogen vehicles, support policies from the government that guarantee a certain rate of return on the operation of hydrogen infrastructure facilities are necessary.

Review and Analyses of International Standards and Implications for Implementing Korean Hydrogen Charging Station in UAE

YOUNG-JI BYON(변영지),SEUNG HWAN KIM(김승환),GOANG SUNG JIN(진광성),YOUNG WOOK SEO(서영욱),YOUNG SOON BAEK(백영순) 한국수소및신에너지학회 2023 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.34 No.6

Recently, a hydrogen charging station-related memorandum of understanding (MOU) was signed between Korea Transport Institute and United Arab Emirates (UAE) Ministry of Transport in Abu Dhabi, creating a foundation for exporting green hydrogen charging stations and hydrogen powered public transit buses developed with Korean technology to Abu Dhabi. Reliable construction and operation of the charging stations require a thorough review on associated standards and legal requirements. In particular, it is essential to analyze currently effective standards related to hydrogen production, hydrogen vehicle charging, and hydrogen charging stations. This paper specifically focuses on comparative analysis of hydrogen-related standards in the UAE and the Republic of Korea. Similar to UAE, Korean hydrogen charging station-related standards follow International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards. From real-life experiences in developing and operating charging stations, even more essence of ISO standards have been adopted in Korean standards than UAE. In particular, ISO standards related to fire prevention are additionally included in Korea. This paper also suggests procedural and administrative strategies for enabling application of Korean hydrogen charging station-related standards in UAE.

Recent developmental status and prospects of hydrogen refueling stations

( Wang Lai Yoon ),( Dong Joo Seo ) 한국화학공학회 2007 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.10 No.1

Hydrogen refueling infrastructure to support the introduction of fuel cell and other hydrogen(and hydrogen mixture)-fueled vehicles is seen as one of the key factors for the transition to the hydrogen economy. Basically, hydrogen station can be configured by any combination of six modules : hydrogen generator, purifier, compression, storage, dispenser and power generator. And there can be several ways in hydrogen delivery for use at refueling stations. In the early demonstration phase, the use of distributed hydrogen refueling system(cryogenic liquid hydrogen, compressed hydrogen, reforming of hydrocarbonfeedstocks such as natural, gas, LPG and naphtha, electrolysis of water) may be a intermediate pathways to infrastructure development with future development of hydrogen pipeline delivery. The understanding of the implications of each system as well as comparisons between the choices of generation methods for use is essential in developing the refueling infrastructure. In this session, we present the recent developmental status and prospects of hydrogen refueling stations in advanced countries such as America, Japan, and Europe. Especially, national demonstration programs to promote early introduction of hydrogen fueled vehicles are reviewed.

수소트럭용 수소충전소 최적입지모형 개발 연구

안은주 ( Eun-ju Ahn ),조재혁 ( Jaehyeok Jo ),김성수 ( Sungsu Kim ) 한국로지스틱스학회 2021 로지스틱스연구 Vol.29 No.2

This study provides basic information on the establishment of efficient hydrogen charging infrastructure for green logistics by selecting the optimal location for hydrogen charging stations which are required to recharge environment-friendly hydrogen fuel cell trucks. In consideration of hydrogen supply methods to the station, which is fundamentally different from the charging station for electric vehicles, the proposed model determines how each station to be economically supplied with hydrogen. In addition, to reflect recent government policy changes to introduce hydrogen fuel cell trucks for logistics in trunk line, the research focuses on trucks operating on highways and assumes the highway rest areas as the candidates for the potential stations. The results suggest the optimal locations of 31 hydrogen charging stations across the nation, and this is expected to be used as guidelines for effective policy making that can help in promoting the establishment of nationwide hydrogen charging infrastructure.

수소 충전소의 수소 판매량 데이터 분석

김민수,전성탁,정태영 한국수소및신에너지학회 2023 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.34 No.3

Due to lack of hydrogen charging stations and hydrogen supply compared to the supply of hydrogen vehicles, social phenomena such as 2-hour queues and restrictions on charging capacity are occurring, which negatively affects the spread of hydrogen vehicles. In order to resolve these problems, it is essential to have a strategic operation of the hydrogen charging stations. To establish operational strategies, it is necessary to derive customer demand patterns and characteristics through the analysis of sales data. This study derived the demand patterns and characteristics of customers visiting hydrogen charging stations through data analysis from various perspectives, such as charging volume, charging speed, number of visits, and correlation with external factors, based on the hydrogen sales data of off-site hydrogen charging stations located in domestic residential areas.

지리정보시스템을 이용한 고속국도에서의 수소충전소 구축 방안

김봉진,국지훈,조상민 한국수소및신에너지학회 2014 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.25 No.3

This paper deals with a construction plan of hydrogen fueling stations on express highways usinggeographic information system. We analyzed the existing hydrogen fueling stations and production facilities toconstruct the hydrogen supply system to satisfy the hydrogen demands. Also, we suggested the necessary numberand locations of hydrogen fueling stations on express highways for operating fuel cell vehicles. As a result, weneed to construct at least 6 hydrogen stations on express highways in 2020 and 14 hydrogen stations in 2025. In 2030, when fuel cell vehicles are expected to spread over the whole nation, 114 hydrogen stations are neededto construct on express highways. This study mainly utilized the information of distances between hydrogenproduction facilities and fueling stations. However, we need to analyze the other factors such as traffic and incomedata. Also, it is necessary to make a suitable construction plan of hydrogen fueling stations that should beconstructed on each district using geographic information system.

안전이격거리 설정을 위한 저장식과 이동식 수소충전소 제트누출의 수치해석적 연구

박병직(Byoungjik Park),김진현(Jinhyun Kim),임옥근(Ohk Kun Lim),김양균(Yangkyun Kim) 한국화재소방학회 2021 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.35 No.6

수소 고압 설비에서 제트누출(jet release)사고가 발생되어, 즉시 점화가 되면 제트화재(jet fire)가 발생하며, 지연점화가 이루어지면 폭발(explosion)사고로 이어질 수 있기 때문에 누출되지 않도록 관리하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 저장식 수소충전소와 이동식 수소충전소의 수소저장탱크에서 제트누출 사고가 발생한 경우에 수소 설비 주변의 수소 체적분율 변화와 가연영역을 전산유체역학(computational fluid dynamics, CFD) 기반의 모델을 활용하여 분석하였다. 저장식 수소충전소는 벽면 상단에 있는 개구부를 통해서 외부로 확산되었으며, 이동식 수소충전소는 구조적인 형태로 인해 윙바디(wing body) 아랫부분에 일부 누출된 수소가 정체되었다. 제트 누출이 발생한 10 s 후에 대부분의 수소설비는 수소 가연영역에 포함되었으며, 가연거리는 이동식 수소충전소가 저장식 수소충전소에 비해 30s 이후부터는 약 2배 정도 길게 계산되었다. High-pressure hydrogen facilities are prone to jet release accidents. In the cases of immediate ignition, jet fire occurs,and delayed ignition can lead to explosion accidents. Therefore, its management is crucial to avoid leakage. In this study,the change in volume fraction of hydrogen and the flammable area around the hydrogen facility were calculated using acomputational fluid dynamics model, for the cases of jet release accident in a hydrogen storage tank of off-site hydrogenrefueling station and a mobile hydrogen refueling station. The leakage at the off-site hydrogen refueling station was throughthe opening at the top of the wall. The mobile hydrogen refueling station had hydrogen stagnated in the lower part of thewing body due to the wing body. Most of the hydrogen facilities were included in the hydrogen flammable zone after 10s of the jet release. Further, after 30 s, the flammable distance was calculated to be approximately twice for of a mobilehydrogen refueling station as compared to a storage type hydrogen refueling station.

기존 주유소를 활용한 수소충전소의 최적 입지 선정에 관한 연구:용인시를 중심으로

임윤수,한주옥 한국부동산법학회 2023 不動産法學 Vol.27 No.4

More than 120 countries around the world are working to achieve Net Zero, which eliminates carbon emissions, by 2050. The Korean government will also invest more than 20 trillion won in green mobility by 2025 to supply 1.13 million electric vehicles and 200,000 hydrogen vehicles, and the Ministry of Environment plans to establish a complex charging station by 2025 by installing 114 hydrogen charging stations and 750 electric rapid chargers at accessible urban gas stations and gas charging stations to make it a living base for pollution-free cars. Accordingly, this study attempted to select the optimal location of hydrogen charging stations by utilizing existing gas stations in Yongin City as a way to build hydrogen charging stations. Of the 187 gas stations in Yongin-si, a gas station with a combined charging station was selected using ArcGIS 10.4.1 as software to derive an area with an area of 1,500㎡ or more and a limited distance within 17m of the school. As a result of the analysis, 16 out of 33 gas stations with an area of 1,500㎡ or more were identified as gas stations with combined charging stations. If a hydrogen charging station is installed as an auxiliary facility at a gas station with good accessibility and developed as a combined charging station, it will be of great help to supply hydrogen cars by resolving the inconvenience of users. 화석연료 사용으로 인한 기후변화 시대를 대비하기 위해 세계 120여 개국이 2050년까지 탄소 배출을 없애는 ‘넷 제로’를 달성하기 위해 노력 중이다. 우리 정부 또한 2025년까지 그린 모빌리티에 20조 원 이상 투자하여 전기차 113만 대와 수소차 20만 대를 보급할 예정이며, 환경부는 수소충전소 부족을 해결하고 이용자들의 편의를 위해 2025년까지 접근성이 좋은 도심 주유소 및 가스충전소에 수소충전소 114개소와 전기급속충전기 750기를 설치하여 복합충전소를 구축해 무공해차의 생활거점으로 만들 계획이다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 수소충전소 구축의 방안으로 용인시 내의 기존 주유소를 활용하여 최적의 수소충전소의 입지를 선정하고자 하였다. 용인시의 전체 주유소 187개소 중 면적이 1,500㎡ 이상이고 학교로부터 17m 이내에 제한 거리를 두고 입지가 가능한 부지를 도출하기 위해 소프트웨어로 ArcGIS 10.4.1를 활용하여 복합충전소가 가능한 주유소를 선정하였다. 분석 결과 면적이 1,500㎡ 이상인 주유소 33개의 중 16개의 주유소가 복합충전소가 가능한 주유소로 도출되었다. 접근성이 좋은 주유소에 부대시설로 수소충전소를 설치하여 복합충전소로 개발한다면 이용자들의 불편을 해소하여 수소차 보급에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

HyRAM+를 이용한 수소 누출 시뮬레이터 구현

황성호 국제문화기술진흥원 2024 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.10 No.1

Hydrogen is a renewable energy source with various characteristics such as clean, carbon-free and high-energy, and is internationally recognized as a "future energy". With the rapid development of the hydrogen energy industry, more hydrogen infrastructure is needed to meet the demand for hydrogen. However, hydrogen infrastructure accidents have been occurring frequently, hindering the development of the hydrogen industry. HyRAM+, developed by Sandia National Laboratories, is a software toolkit that integrates data and methods related to hydrogen safety assessments for various storage applications, including hydrogen refueling stations. HyRAM+'s physics mode simulates hydrogen leak results depending on the hydrogen refueling station components, graphing gas plume dispersion, jet frame temperature and trajectory, and radiative heat flux. In this paper, hydrogen leakage data was extracted from a hydrogen refueling station in Samcheok, Gangwon-do, using HyRAM+ software. A hydrogen leakage simulator was developed using data extracted from HyRAM+. It was implemented as a dashboard that shows the data generated by the simulator using a database and Grafana.

창원 수소충전소의 수소판매량 분석

강부민,강영택,이상현,김남석,이경은,박민주,정창훈,정대운 한국수소및신에너지학회 2019 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.30 No.4

Since the government announced the roadmap to revitalize the hydrogen economy, we are constantly making the effort to expand the use of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) and hydrogen charging stations. There is however a significant issue to build and operate the hydrogen charging station due to the lack of the profit model. Many researchers believe that the supply of FCEV will be increased in the near future and finally ensure the economy of hydrogen charging stations. This study shows that the sales changes of hydrogen gas and consumption patterns by the operation of the hydrogen charging station in Changwon City. The results will be used as the evidence to support for operating the hydrogen charging station by private businesses and the validity of additional establishment of hydrogen charging stations.