Evaluation of the Fire Resistance Performance of Interior Anchor Type CFT Columns through Loaded Heating Test

Kim, Sunhee,Yom, Kyongsoo,Choi, Sungmo Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2013 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.2 No.1

The fire resistance performance of generic CFT columns has been verified through various tests and analyses and the columns are widely used for fire resistance designs abroad. In this study, 3 groups of specimens (Non-fire protection, reinforcement with steel fiber and fire resistance paint) are suggested in order to evaluate the fire resistance performance of interior anchor type concrete-filled steel tubular columns having efficient cross-sections through loaded heating tests. Axial deformation-time relationship and in-plane temperatures are compared to evaluate the fire resistance performance of the specimens associated with variables. Suggested from the fact that the interior anchors exposed to fire exert influence on fire resistance performance due to thermal expansion, the reinforcements using steel fiber and fire resistance paint are verified to mitigate contraction and improve fire resistance performance. The result obtained from the tests of interior anchor type concrete-filled tubular columns is expected to be used for effective fire resistance design in association with previously conducted studies.

지붕 구조 내화성능 분류체계 설정을 위한 실험적 연구

최동호,서희원 한국방재학회 2012 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.12 No.4

건축물은 화재시 그 피해를 최소화하기 위해 건축물 주요 구조부를 일정 수준의 내화구조로 시공하고 있으며, 이러한 주요구조부 중 하나인 지붕의 경우 현재 지붕틀에 대하여만 내화성능을 정부에서 확인하여 인정한 법정내화구조로 규정하고 있다. 또한 이경우도 규정된 후 상당한 시일이 경과되어 최근의 건축재료 및 공법의 기술발전을 적절히 수용하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라 현재 주요구조부와 법정내화구조로 규정된 지붕구조에 대한 성능확인 등을 통한 내화성능을 재설정할 필요가있으며. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내의 주요구조부와 법정내화구조로 규정된 지붕 구조를 대상으로 내화성능을 평가하여 내화구조를 세분화한 기초자료를 제시하였다. To minimize the damages under fire conditions in buildings, the main structural members of buildings shall be fire-resistancerated structural members. For the roof which is one of the main structural members, the relevant authority only specifies the prescriptive fire-resistance-rated roof frames whose fire resistance performance has been checked by the relevant authority in building laws at present. But, these prescriptive fire-resistance-rated roof frames don't properly reflect the recent construction materials and the technical development of methods of construction as a long time has passed. Consequently, it is needed to reset the fire resistance performance through the performance evaluation for the roof constructions specified as the present main structural member and the prescriptive fire-resistance-rated construction. This study was intended to give the fundamental materials that prescriptive fire-resistance-rated roofs are departmentalized as each structure by evaluating the fire resistance performance of the roof construction specified as the present main structural member and the prescriptive fire-resistance-rated construction.

코어재에 따른 철제 방화문의 내화성능에 관한 연구

서희원,안재홍,최동호,Seo. Hee Won,An. Jae Hong,Choi. Dong Ho 한국방재학회 2013 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.13 No.5

화재시 건물내의 화재확산방지를 위해서 개구부에는 방화문이 설치된다. 외국에서는 방화문이 설치되는 부위의 내화성능 등을 고려하여 20분~180분의 방화문을 구분하여 적용하고 있으나, 국내에서는 일률적으로 1시간의 차염 성능만을 적용토록 하고 있어 화재시 충분한 화재확산방지를 기대하기 어렵다. 이에 국내에서도 방화문이 적용되는 위치에 따라 요구되는 내화성능을 강화하고, 차열성능을 확보토록 제도를 개선하여야 할 필요성이 있으며, 이를 위해서는 기존 방화문의 성능 검증이 선행되어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 제도 개선을 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 방화문으로 널리 사용되는 철제 방화문의 코어재 종류에 따른 내화성능을 평가하였으며 대부분의 시험체가 차염 성능을 확보하고, 코어재에 따라 10분 안팎의 차열 성능을 확보하고 있음을 확인하였다. Fire doors are installed on the openings in buildings to protect fire spreading in the event of fire. In foreign countries, fire doors whose fire resistance performance is from 20 minutes to 180 minutes are installed depending on required fire resistance performance of where fire doors are installed. But, in Korea, it is difficult to protect fire spreading in the event of fire because fire doors only having integrity of 1 hour are installed regardless of the position of fire doors. Therefore, it is needed to improve the system related to fire doors by strengthening the required fire resistance performance depending on where fire doors are installed and introducing insulation performance. To do so, the performance verification of the existing fire doors must be done first. In this study, fire resistance performance of the steel fire doors which are used widely depending on core material was evaluated. As a result, most specimens had the integrity performance and secured insulation performance of around 10 minutes depending on core material.

U형 합성보의 내화성능 및 화재 후 잔존강도에 관한 실험적 연구

강민정,최영한,김성배,김상섭 대한건축학회 2023 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.39 No.1

In recent years, interest in fire-resistant structures is also increasing significantly in Korea. Fire resistance structures in Korea are appliedbased on specification design, but recent research results that can apply performance design have been published through a research projectby the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. The performance design is already allowed to apply the fire resistance structureperformance design of the 'Rules on the Standards for Evacuation and Fire Protection of Buildings, etc’. Therefore, in this study, afire-resistant spray or paint was applied to the HyFo composite beam, fire resistance performance tests were conducted, and structuralperformance tests were conducted on the same specimens to evaluate the residual strength after a fire. As a result of the fire resistance testfor 3 hours of the specimens to which the fire-resistant spray was applied, the average temperature was found to be less than about 300 ℃and the maximum temperature was less than about 400 ℃. In addition, as a result of structural performance tests to confirm the residualstrength after a fire, it was confirmed that all of them secured the nominal strength or higher. Therefore, it is judged that the structuralperformance of the composite beam, which has ensured fire resistance performance by applying fire-resistant spray or paint, will notsignificantly degrade even after the fire for 3 hours. 최근 국내에서 내화구조에 대한 관심이 크게 증가하고 있다. 국내 내화구조는 사양설계를 기초로 적용되고 있으나, 최근 국토교통부 연구과제를 통해 성능설계를 적용할 수 있는 연구결과가 발표되고 있다. 성능설계는 ‘건축물의 피난·방화구조에 등의 기준에 관한 규칙(국토교통부령 641호)’의 제3조 9항에 이미 내화구조 성능설계를 적용할 수 있도록 되어 있으나, 아직 그 사례는 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 내화피복된 합성보에 대하여 내화성능평가를 실시하고, 화재 후 잔존강도를 평가하는 실험을 수행하였다. 내화뿜칠을 적용한 합성보의 3시간 내화시험 결과 평균온도는 약 300℃ 이하, 최고온도는 약 400℃ 이하로 확인되었다. 또한, 화재 후 잔존강도를 확인하기 위한 구조성능실험 결과 모두 공칭강도 이상을 확보하는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러므로 화재 후 강재의 온도가 400℃ 이하임을 확인한다면 구조체에 미치는 화재의 영향은 경미할 것으로 판단된다.

화재하중밀도를 고려한 건축물의 내화설계법에 관한 연구

이평강,이용재,최인창,김회서 한국화재소방학회 2003 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 성능위주의 화재안전설계법에 따른 구획실 용도별 요구내화시간산정을 실시함으로써 현행 내화성능기준의 문제점도출 및 개선방향을 제시하는 것이다. 내화성능기준에 대한 검토를 위해 본 연구에서는 현재 국내의 시방규정에 의해 결정된 요구내화시간과 등가시간공식에 의해 산정된 화재노출상응시간과 비교하였고, 화재노출상응시간을 산정하기 위해 화재하중밀도, 환기계수, 구조재료의 열적특성 그리고 구획실 형상치수 등을 조사하였다. The main purpose of this study is to raise the point at issue and to propose reform direction about the current performance criteria of fire resistance through the examination of the fire resistance required for each use of compartment by using performance-based fire safety design method. To examine the performance criteria of fire resistance, this study compared the equivalent time of fire exposure which was calculated by using time-equivalent formulae with the required fire resistance time determined by existing prescriptive code, and surveyed factors such as the fire load energy density, ventilation factor, fire compartment materials and fire compartment geometry in order to calculate the equivalent time of fire exposure.

저방사 필름 적용 공기층을 가지는 FSFB의 하중비에 따른 내화성능 평가

강성묵,김진국 한국콘크리트학회 2023 콘크리트학회논문집 Vol.35 No.5

An analytical investigation was conducted into the fire resistance performance of fabricated slim floor beams (FSFBs) according to the load ratio. The goal was to establish a numerical standard for assessing FSFB members’ performance when exposed to fire during structural calculations or design. Unlike other types of slim floor beams, FSFBs have superior fire resistance due to the presence of an air layer in their manufacturing process. In addition, the application of Low-E film reduces heat transfer in this air layer, thereby improving FSFBs’ fire resistance performance. To address these factors, a finite element model was employed, and variable analysis was conducted. This model’s validity was established by comparing its results with tests and analyses from other research papers. Subsequently, the analysis was performed with the load ratio and the application of Low-E film as variables, using a verification model to ensure its accuracy. Based on the analysis results, the fire resistance performance of FSFBs was compared under various conditions, leading to the derivation of a fire resistance performance regression equation for fire resistance performance, with the load ratio as the independent variable. This regression equation enables the calculation of the load ratio for each FSFB size and usage scenario, depending on whether or not Low-E film is applied.

Performance Based Fire Engineering in Japan

Kohno, Mamoru,Okazaki, Tomohito Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2013 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.2 No.1

This paper explains the Japanese present situations relevant to the fire resistance performance. Performance-based fire provisions was introduced in 1998 for the first time when the Building Standard Law was amended. However, performance-based fire resistance design had been used since long before the official introduction of performance-based provisions. A Comprehensive Technology Development Project of Ministry of Construction from 1982 to 1986 established a technical basis for performance-based fire safety engineering in Japan. A system of calculation methods for fire resistance verification was prescribed in the Ministry Notification in 2000 utilizing the results of this project as a background. This method, referred to as the Fire Resistance Verification Method (FRVM), is the standard method to verify the fire resistance performance of principal building parts such as columns, beams, and walls of steel, concrete, or wood structured buildings. For tall buildings, however, more advanced method for performance verification is often necessary because new building materials or structural systems are often used for these buildings. An example project of tall building owned by a major newspaper company is presented in this paper. Advanced thermal deformation analysis is executed to secure the fire resistance of the building.

비내력 천장구조 내화성능평가에 대한 실험적 연구

최동호,김대회,박수영 한국화재소방학회 2011 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.25 No.4

Fire resistance ceiling system is the structure of which the ceiling installed under the slave of the structure has the fire resistance performance. Because of having the fire resistance performance, fire resistive coatings on steel beams can be reduced and large span structures can be constructed. So, it have advantages of convenience for construction, shorten for construction time and cost reducing. In foreign country, it is general that one system consisting of slave and ceiling is constructed as a fire resistance system. But in Korea, there are no fire resistance ceiling systems thus economical efficiency due to being high-rise and light-weight of structures is not secured. Therefore research and development of nominal fire resistance ceiling systems is necessary. On this study, fire resistances of standard non-loadbearing ceiling systems were assessed and basic informations for developing the fire resistance non-loadbearing ceiling systems were presented. 건축물의 바닥 하부에 설치되는 비내력 천장이 일정 시간의 내화성능을 확보할 경우 바닥 및 보에 요구되는 내화성능의 감소가 가능하다. 이에 따라 건물시공시 이들 부재에 시공되는 내화피복 절감 및 충전구조 시공 완화 등으로 인하여 공간 구획의 활용성이 증가하여 비교적 경량으로 대규모 공간에 대한 시공이 가능하게 되어 건물 시공·유지관리의 편의성 확보, 공사기간의 단축 및 비용절감과 같은 경제적인건축생산이 가능하게 된다. 외국에서는 보·바닥 및 천장재를 하나의 복합 시스템으로 구성하여 내화구조로 시공하거나 천장자체의 내화성능을 확보하는 경우가 있으나 국내에서는 이에 대한 연구가 진행되지 않아 건축물의 고층·경량화에 따른 경제적인 효율성을 확보하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 국내 건축물에 적용 가능한 내화성능을 확보한 표준화된 비내력 내화천장구조의 개발이 필요하며, 이에 본 연구에서는 현재 일반적인 비내력 천장구조의 내화성능을 평가하여 향후 비내력 내화천장구조의 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제시하였다.

Investigating the Effect of Prior Damage on the Post-earthquake Fire Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Portal Frames

Hamid Reza Ronagh,Behrouz Behnam 한국콘크리트학회 2012 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.6 No.4

Post-earthquake fire (PEF) can lead to a rapid collapse of buildings that have been partially damaged as a result of a prior earthquake. Almost all standards and codes for the design of structures against earthquake ignore the risk of PEF, and thus buildings designed using those codes could be too weak when subjected to a fire after an earthquake. An investigation based on sequential analysis inspired by FEMA356 is performed here on the immediate occupancy (IO), life safety (LS) and collapse prevention (CP) performance levels of two portal frames, after they are pushed to arrive at a certain level of displacement corresponding to the mentioned performance level. This investigation is followed by a fire analysis of the damaged frames, examining the time taken for the damaged frames to collapse. As a point of reference, a fire analysis is also performed for undamaged frames and before the occurrence of earthquake. The results indicate that while there is minor difference between the fire resistances of the fire-alone situation and the frames pushed to the IO level of performance, a notable difference is observed between the fire-alone analysis and the frames pushed to arrive at LS and CP levels of performance and exposed to PEF. The results also show that exposing only the beams to fire results in a higher decline of the fire resistance, compared to exposing only the columns to fire. Furthermore, the results show that the frames pushed to arrive at LS and CP levels of performance collapse in a global collapse mode laterally, whereas at the IO level of performance and fire-alone situation, the collapse mechanism is mostly local through the collapse of beams. Whilst the investigation is conducted for a certain class of portal frames, the results confirm the need for the incorporation of PEF into the process of analysis and design, and provide some quantitative measures on the level of associated effects.

건축물 화재시 필요내화 시간 산정 및 간이식 도출

김윤성 ( Kim Yun-seong ),한지우 ( Han Ji-woo ),김혜원 ( Kim Hye-won ),진승현 ( Jin Seung-hyeon ),이병흔 ( Lee Byeong-heun ),권영진 ( Kwon Yeong-jin ) 한국건축시공학회 2020 한국건축시공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.20 No.2

Large fires continue to spread throughout the building, including the fire in Uijeongbu in 2015, the fire in Jecheon in 2017, and the fire in Miryang in 2018. According to the above fire case investigation, major problems were the fire resistance performance of compartment members such as fire doors, the fire spread due to damage to exterior wall openings, and smoke spread through vertical openings. However, in South Korea, only specification design is implemented for buildings that are not subject to performance design. In addition, the analysis of the fire resistance performance standards of building members in the specification design showed that fire doors were not specified in detail for 60 minutes of insulation performance and 60 minutes of fire resistance performance of E/V doors, limiting the prevention of fire spread. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to prepare measures to prevent the spread of fire by presenting simple transplants for calculating the required fire time according to the architectural design conditions for the performance design of the components of the fire room according to the purpose of use of the front of the building.