손톱 검출을 이용한 가상 네일아트

문새별(Sae-byeol Mun),허훈(Heo Hoon),오정수(Jeong-su Oh) 한국정보통신학회 2021 한국정보통신학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.25 No.2

본 논문은 OpenPose를 활용한 손톱 검출 알고리즘을 제안하고 이를 이용한 가상 네일아트를 구현한다. OpenPose에 의해 검출된 키포인트들을 기준으로 각 손가락마다 피부색 특징을 이용하여 손가락 영역을 검출한다. 검출된 손가락 영역의 에지 영상에서 손톱 영역을 검출한다. 그리고 나서 손톱 영역에 네일팁을 합성하여 가상 네일아트를 구현한다. 어느 정도 제어된 촬영 환경에서 실험 결과들은 제안된 알고리즘이 손톱 영역을 잘 검출하고 가상 네일아트를 잘 구현하고 것을 보여 주고 있다. This paper proposes a nail detection algorithm using OpenPose and implements virtual nail art using it. Based on the key points detected by OpenPose, the finger area is detected using skin color characteristics for each finger. The nail region is detected from the edge image of the detected finger region. Then, a virtual nail art is implemented by synthesizing nail tips in the nail area. In a somewhat controlled shooting environment, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm detects nail areas well and implements virtual nail art well.

GA를 이용한 PC 기반 Hand-Geometry 인식시스템의 Nail 영역 추출에 관한 연구

김영탁(Young-Tak Kim),김수정(Soo-Jong Kim),박주원(Ju-Won Park),이상배(Sang-Bae Lee) 한국지능시스템학회 2004 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.14 No.4

최근 몇 년 동안 사람들의 고유한 생리적인 특징을 이용한 생체 인식은 새로운 학문으로서 연구 및 개발이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 지금까지, 오로지 지문 인식만이 다른 생체 인식에 비해 확인과 식별 시스템들이 더 정교하고, 비싼 취득 인터페이스들과 인식 과정을 필요로 하기 때문에 온라인 보안 검사를 위하여 한정된 성공을 보았다. Hand-Geometry는 생체 인식의 확인 그리고 취득의 편리 때문에 식별 그리고 확인을 위하여 사용되고 있다. 그러므로, 본 논문은 이러한 특징을 가지는 손의 기하학적인 Hand-Geometry 인식 시스템을 제안하고자 한다. 해부학적인 관점에서, 인간의 손은 길이, 폭, 두께, 기하학적인 모양, 손바닥의 모양, 그리고 손가락들의 기하학적인 모양까지 특성으로 나타내어질 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 Hand-Geometry 인식 시스템은 30개의 특징 데이터를 가진다. 그러나 특징 데이터 가운데 사용자의 Hand-Geometry의 특징에 따라 길이 데이터가 변하는 것을 실험적으로 발견하였다. 따라서 이와 같은 가변적인 길이 데이터를 안정화시키기 위하여 본 논문에서는 길이 데이터의 기준점을 손톱 아래 점으로 정하고, GA를 적용하여 보다 안정된 특징점을 추출하였다. Biometrics is getting more and more attention in recent years for security and other concerns. So far, only fingerprint recognition has seen limited success for on-line security check, since other biometrics verification and identification systems require more complicated and expensive acquisition interfaces and recognition processes. Hand-Geometry has been used for biometric verification and identification because of its acquisition convenience and good performance for verification and identification performance. Hence, it can be a good candidate for online checks. Therefore, this paper proposes a Hand-Geometry recognition system based on geometrical features of hand. From anatomical point of view, human hand can be characterized by its length, width, thickness, geometrical composition, shapes of the palm, and shape and geometry of the fingers. This paper proposes thirty relevant features for a Hand-Geometry recognition system. However, during experimentation, it was discovered that length measured from the tip of the finger was not a reliable feature. Hence, we propose a new technique based on Genetic Algorithm for extraction of the center of nail bottom, in order to use it for the length feature.

Fingernail Configuration

Jung, Jin Woo,Kim, Kwang Seog,Shin, Jun Ho,Kwon, Yu Jin,Hwang, Jae Ha,Lee, Sam Yong Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2015 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.42 No.6

Background A number of conditions can alter a person's fingernail configuration. The ratio between fingernail width and length (W/L) is an important aesthetic criterion, and some underlying diseases can alter the size of the fingernail. Fingernail curvature can be altered by systemic disorders or disorders of the fingernail itself. Although the shape and curvature of the fingernail can provide diagnostic clues for various diseases, few studies have precisely characterized normal fingernail configuration. Methods We measured the W/L ratio of the fingernail, transverse fingernail curvature, hand length, hand breadth, and distal interphalangeal joint width in 300 volunteers with healthy fingernails. We also investigated whether age, sex, height, and handedness influenced the fingernail W/L ratio and transverse fingernail curvature. Results In women, fingernail W/L ratios were similar across all five fingers, and were lower than those in men. The highest value of transverse fingernail curvature was found in the thumb, followed by the index, middle, ring, and little fingers. Handedness and aging influenced transverse fingernail curvature, but not the fingernail W/L ratio. Fingernails were flatter on the dominant hand than on the non-dominant hand. The radius of transverse fingernail curvature increased with age, indicating that fingernails tended to flatten with age. Conclusions Our quantitative data on fingernail configuration can be used as a reference range for diagnosing various diseases and deformities of the fingernail, and for performing reconstructive or aesthetic fingernail surgery.

Two Cases of Single-fingernail Fungal Leukonychia with Varying Manifestations

이수민,윤숙정,이지범 대한의진균학회 2022 대한의진균학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Leukonychia is the white discoloration of the nail, and it is a common chromatic abnormality of the nail. Leukonychia can be caused by various systemic conditions; however, a fungal infection is also a probable cause. Herein, we report two cases that presented with varying patterns of single-nail leukonychia and were diagnosed with fungal leukonychia based on potassium hydroxide (KOH) examination and fungal culture. A 59-year-old man presented with asymptomatic complete whitish discoloration of the right fourth fingernail. KOH examination revealed many septate hyphae, and Trichophyton rubrum was identified through fungal culture and 18S rRNA sequencing. A 32-year-old man presented with asymptomatic longitudinal ridges and pitting with partial whitish discoloration of the second left fingernail persistent for 5 years. KOH examination revealed many short hyphae, and Scedosporium species was identified on fungal culture.

Fingernail Configuration

정진우,김광석,신준호,권유진,황재하,이삼용 대한성형외과학회 2015 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.42 No.6

Background A number of conditions can alter a person’s fingernail configuration. The ratio between fingernail width and length (W/L) is an important aesthetic criterion, and some underlying diseases can alter the size of the fingernail. Fingernail curvature can be altered by systemic disorders or disorders of the fingernail itself. Although the shape and curvature of the fingernail can provide diagnostic clues for various diseases, few studies have precisely characterized normal fingernail configuration. Methods We measured the W/L ratio of the fingernail, transverse fingernail curvature, hand length, hand breadth, and distal interphalangeal joint width in 300 volunteers with healthy fingernails. We also investigated whether age, sex, height, and handedness influenced the fingernail W/L ratio and transverse fingernail curvature. Results In women, fingernail W/L ratios were similar across all five fingers, and were lower than those in men. The highest value of transverse fingernail curvature was found in the thumb, followed by the index, middle, ring, and little fingers. Handedness and aging influenced transverse fingernail curvature, but not the fingernail W/L ratio. Fingernails were flatter on the dominant hand than on the non-dominant hand. The radius of transverse fingernail curvature increased with age, indicating that fingernails tended to flatten with age. Conclusions Our quantitative data on fingernail configuration can be used as a reference range for diagnosing various diseases and deformities of the fingernail, and for performing reconstructive or aesthetic fingernail surgery.

손가락끝 손상의 치료 시 인조손톱의 유용성

최환준,권준성,탁민성,Choi, Hwan-Jun,Kwon, Joon-Sung,Tark, Min-Seong 대한성형외과학회 2010 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.37 No.6

Purpose: The fingertip is the most commonly injured part of the hand and its injury frequently results in avulsion or crushing of a segment of the nail bed and fracture of the distal phalangeal bone. Restoration of a flat and smooth nail bed is essential for regrowth of a normal nail, which is important not only for cosmetic reasons but also for tactile capability of the fingertip. It is also anatomical reduction of the distal phalanx to promote patient's cosmetics and prevent nail bed deformity. Absence or no replacement of the nail plate results in obliterated proximal skin fold. When the avulsed nail plate cannot be returned to its anatomic position or when it is absent, we use a synthetic material for splinting the nail bed and alternative reductional method for distal phalangeal bone fracture, especially, instead of hardwares. Methods: From January of 2006 to June of 2009, a total of ten patients and fourteen fingers with crushing or avulsion injuries of the fingertip underwent using the artificial nails for finger splint. We shaped artificial nails into the appropriate sizes for use as fingernail plates. We placed them under the proximal skin fold and sutured to the fold proximally and to the lateral and medial edges of the nail bed or to the distal fingertip. Our splints were as hard as K-wire and other fixation methods and more similar to anatomic nail plates. Artificial nails were kept in place for at least 3 weeks. Results: No artificial nail related complication was noted in any of the ten cases. No other nail fold or nail bed complications were observed, except for minor distal nail deformity because of trauma. Conclusion: In conclusion, in order to secure the nail bed after injury and reduce the distal phalangeal bone fracture, preparing a nail bed splint from a artificial commercial nail is a cheap and effective method, especially, for crushed or avulsion injuries of the fingertip.

Nail bed defect reconstruction using a thenar fascial flap and subsequent nail bed grafting

Lee, Kyung Jin,Kim, Yong Woo,Kim, Jin Soo,Roh, Si Young,Lee, Dong Chul Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2019 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.46 No.1

Background Full-thickness nail bed defects with significant exposure of the distal phalanx are typically challenging to reconstruct. We describe a novel method of nail bed defect reconstruction using a thenar fascial flap combined with nail bed grafting. Methods Full-thickness nail bed defects were reconstructed in a 2-stage operation involving the placement of a thenar fascial flap and subsequent nail bed grafting. A proximally-based skin flap was designed on the thenar eminence. The flap was elevated distally to proximally, and the fascial layer covering the thenar muscle was dissected proximally to distally. The skin flap was then closed and the dissected fascial flap was turned over (proximal to distal) and inset onto the defect. The finger was immobilized for 2 weeks, and the flap was dressed with wet and ointment dressings. After 2 weeks, the flap was divided and covered with a split-thickness nail bed graft from the great toe. Subsequent nail growth was evaluated on follow-up. Results Nine patients (9 fingers) treated with the novel procedure were evaluated at follow-up examinations. Complete flap survival was noted in all cases, and all nail bed grafts took successfully. Five outcomes (55.6%) were graded as excellent, three (33.3%) as very good, and one (11.1%) as fair. No donor site morbidities of the thenar area or great toe were observed. Conclusions When used in combination with a nail bed graft, the thenar fascial flap provides an excellent means of nail bed reconstruction.

Nail bed defect reconstruction using a thenar fascial flap and subsequent nail bed grafting

Kyung Jin Lee,Yong Woo Kim,Jin Soo Kim,Si Young Roh,Dong Chul Lee 대한성형외과학회 2019 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.46 No.1

Background Full-thickness nail bed defects with significant exposure of the distal phalanx are typically challenging to reconstruct. We describe a novel method of nail bed defect reconstruction using a thenar fascial flap combined with nail bed grafting. Methods Full-thickness nail bed defects were reconstructed in a 2-stage operation involving the placement of a thenar fascial flap and subsequent nail bed grafting. A proximally-based skin flap was designed on the thenar eminence. The flap was elevated distally to proximally, and the fascial layer covering the thenar muscle was dissected proximally to distally. The skin flap was then closed and the dissected fascial flap was turned over (proximal to distal) and inset onto the defect. The finger was immobilized for 2 weeks, and the flap was dressed with wet and ointment dressings. After 2 weeks, the flap was divided and covered with a split-thickness nail bed graft from the great toe. Subsequent nail growth was evaluated on follow-up. Results Nine patients (9 fingers) treated with the novel procedure were evaluated at followup examinations. Complete flap survival was noted in all cases, and all nail bed grafts took successfully. Five outcomes (55.6%) were graded as excellent, three (33.3%) as very good, and one (11.1%) as fair. No donor site morbidities of the thenar area or great toe were observed. Conclusions When used in combination with a nail bed graft, the thenar fascial flap provides an excellent means of nail bed reconstruction.

Easy and Simple Techniques to Reconstruct Natural Nailfold with the Wrap-around Flap for Finger Reconstruction

Takeo Matsusue 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.6

The wrap-around flap (WAF) has become a popular approach to thumb reconstruction because the results are functionally and cosmetically excellent. By modifying to a partial toenail transfer, the WAF can also be used for finger reconstruction. However, performing cosmetically superior finger reconstruction is a significant challenge because it is difficult to reconstruct the natural nailfold by partial nail transplantation, although partial nail transplantation is required to reconstruct a narrow fingernail. One side of the reconstructed lateral nailfold tends to be amissing nail margin, and one side of the proximal nailfold angle tends to be retracted. Based on the rationale that loss of the lateral nailfold volume due to the postoperative tension of the volar flap would result in a missing nail margin, the volume of the lateral nailfold was maintained with a single thread that was passed from the nail to the volar flap. Additionally, half of the proximal nailfold from the nail plate was elevated to advance it forward. The results indicated that a cosmetically natural nailfold was achieved with the WAF approach to finger reconstruction. These easy and simple techniques enable reconstruction of a cosmetically natural nailfold using WAF for finger reconstruction.

복합조직이식을 이용한 갈고리 손톱 변형 교정의 임상례

손대구,손형빈,김현지 대한성형외과학회 2007 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.34 No.3

Purpose: Hook nail deformity is caused by inadequately supported nail bed due to loss of distal phalanx or lack of soft tissue, resulting in a claw-like nail form. A composite graft from the foot bencath the nail bed gives adequate restoration of tip pulp.Methods: From September of 1999 to March of 2004, six patients were treated for hook nail deformity and monitored for long term follow up. Donor sites were the lateral side of the big toe or instep area of the foot. We examined cosmetic appearance and nail hooking and sensory test. The curved nail was measured by the picture of before and after surgery.Results: In all cases, composite grafts were well taken, and hook nail deformities were corrected. The curved nail of the 4 patients after surgery were improved to average 28.7° from average 55.2 before surgery. The static two point discrimination average was 6.5mm and the moving two point discrimination average was 5.8mm in the sensory test. Conclusion: Composite graft taken from foot supports the nail bed with the tissue closely resembling the fingertip tissue, making it possible for anatomical and histological rebuilding of fingertip.