유아교사의 발달단계별 자질에 대한 원장의 인식과 선호

안효진,최혜영 한국생애학회 2015 생애학회지 Vol.5 No.2

The present study examined early childhood director's understanding and preference on early childcare teachers’ qualities of classroom practices in each stage of professional development. The subjects consisted of 87 directors of the early childhood education institutions. The subscale for measuring the early childhood teacher’s ability in classroom in accordance to the stages of professional development (Lee, Kim, & Kang, 2004) was employed. The collected data were analyzed by multiple response analysis using SPSS for Windows 16.0. The results were as follows: First, the directors’ anticipations of early childhood teachers’ abilities differed by stages. In the survival and consolidation stages, teachers’ abilities based on the order of ‘love for child’, ‘responsibilities’, and ‘faithfulness’ were perceived to be critical while, in the renewal stage, abilities based on the ‘responsibilities’, ‘love for child’, and ‘having good relationship’ were essential in that order. Secondly, the director’s preference for the requirements in hiring also differed depending the stages: In the survival stage, teachers’ ‘faithfulness’, ‘love for child’, and ‘responsibilities’ were important whereas, in the consolidation stage, the ‘love for child’, ‘responsibilities’, and ‘faithfulness’ in were important in that order. In the renewal stage, the ‘harmony’, ‘responsibilities’, and ‘having good relationship’ were important in that order. Lastly, the director’s preference for the in-service teachers education also differed depending on the stages: In the survival stage, ‘harmony’, ‘love for child’, and ‘professionalism’ were prioritized whereas, in the consolidation stage, ‘harmony’, ‘patience’, and ‘job ethics’ were prioritized. But for the renewal stage, in the order of ‘harmony’, ‘patience’, and ‘self-reflection’ were preferred.

Laparoscopic and laparotomic staging in stage I epithelial ovarian cancer: a comparison of feasibility and safety

PARK, J.-Y.,BAE, J.,LIM, M.C.,LIM, S.Y.,SEO, S.-S.,KANG, S.,PARK, S.-Y. Blackwell Publishing Inc 2008 International journal of gynecological cancer Vol.18 No.6

<P>Abstract</P><P><B>The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic and laparotomic surgical staging in patients with stage I epithelial ovarian cancer in terms of feasibility and safety. A retrospective chart review was undertaken of all patients with apparent stage I epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent laparoscopic (laparoscopy group) or laparotomic (laparotomy group) surgical staging at the Center for Uterine Cancer, National Cancer Center, Korea, between January 2001 and August 2006. During the study period, 19 patients underwent laparotomic surgical staging and 17 patients underwent laparoscopic surgical staging. No cases were converted from laparoscopy to laparotomy. The two groups were similar in terms of age, body mass index, procedures performed, number of lymph nodes retrieved, and operating time. The laparoscopy group had less estimated blood loss (<I>P </I>= 0.001), faster return of bowel movement (<I>P </I>< 0.001), and a shorter postoperative hospital stay (<I>P </I>= 0.002) compared to the laparotomy group. Transfusions were required only in two laparotomy patients, and postoperative complications occurred only in four laparotomy patients. However, two patients with stage IA grade 1 and 2 disease in laparoscopy group had recurrence with one patient dying of disease. The accuracy and adequacy of laparoscopic surgical staging were comparable to laparotomic approach, and the surgical outcomes were more favorable than laparotomic approach. However, the oncologic safety of laparoscopic staging was not certain. This is the first report on the possible hazards of laparoscopic staging in early-stage ovarian cancer. In the absence of a large prospective trial, this technique should be performed cautiously.</B></P>

인간 배자에서 코의 초기발생:입체현미경 및 조직학적 분석

김창훈,유종범,신우철,김민범,박형우,윤주헌 대한이비인후과학회 2005 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.48 No.3

Background and Objectives:We aimed to analyze the morphologic features of the nose in the human embryo from 4th to 8th developmental weeks according to the Carnegie stage. Materials and Method:A total of 27 cases of embryos, ranging from Carnegie stage of 13 to 23, were analyzed. The external morphology was observed with a stereomicroscope, photographed and analyzed. The histologic features were observed with a light microscope in the horizontally-transected specimens stained with Results:The nasal placode was observed at the stage 13, and it became flat or even concave at the stage 14. At the stage 15, the nasal pit was formed. At the stage 16, the nasal sac and nasal fin were observed. At the stage 17, the oronasal membrane was formed by thinning of the nasal fin. At the stage 18, the primitive choana was established by rupture of the oronasal membrane. At the stage 19, the lateral palatine process projected vertically below the level of the tongue. The cartilaginous nasal capsule was formed at the stage 20. At the stage 21, the olfactory area was localized to the upper portion of orientation. At the stage 23, the premaxilla and primitive choana were formed. Conclusion:The development of the nose is most active from the Carnegie stage of 13 to 19, which corresponds to the end of the 4th embryonic week to the end of the 7th week. Thus, this period is considered to be the most important period in human nasal embryonic development.

Development of Early-Stage Stroke Diagnosis System for the Elderly Neurogenic Bladder Prevention

김의선,허지민,은성종,이준영 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2022 International Neurourology Journal Vol.26 No.S1

Purpose: There are various neurogenic bladder patterns that occur in patients during stroke. Among these patterns, the focus was mainly on the patient’s facial parsy diagnosis. Stroke requires early response, and it is most important to identify initial symptoms such as facial parsy. There is an urgent need for a diagnostic technology that notifies patients and caregivers of the onset of disease in the early stages of stroke. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI) stroke early-stage analysis software that can alert the early stage of stroke through analysis of facial muscle abnormalities for the elderly neurogenic bladder prevention. Methods: The method proposed in this paper developed a learning-based deep learning analysis technology that outputs the initial stage of stroke after acquiring a high-definition digital image and then deep learning face analysis. The applied AI model was applied as a multimodal deep learning concept. The system is linked and integrated with the existing urine management integrated system to support patient management with a total-care concept. Results: We developed an AI stroke early-stage analysis software that can alert the early stage of stroke with 86% hit performance through analysis of facial muscle abnormalities in the elderly. This result shows the validation result of the landmark image learning model based on the distance learning model. Conclusions: We developed an AI stroke early-stage diagnostic system as a wellness personal medical service plan and prevent cases of missing golden time when existing stroke occurs. In order to secure and facilitate distribution of this, it was developed in the form of AI analysis software so that it can be mounted on various hardware products. In the end, it was found that using AI for these stroke diagnoses and making them quickly and accurately had a positive effect indirectly, if not directly, on the neurogenic bladder.

Investigation of early and advanced stages in ovarian cancer using human plasma by differential scanning calorimetry and mass spectrometry

Nam Ah Kim,Jing Hui Jin,Kyung-Hee Kim,Dae Gon Lim,Heesun Cheong,Yun Hwan Kim,Woong Ju,SEUNG-CHEOLKIM,Seong Hoon Jeong 대한약학회 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.5

Ovarian cancer is recognized with high mortalitydue to asymptomatic nature of the disease and difficultiesin diagnosing early stage of the cancer. The presentstudy evaluates the use of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) in differentiating the severity of ovarian cancer fromhealthy women. 47 diseased women were subdivided intofour stages with respect to clinical relevance and severity. Stages I–II were regarded as early stages and stages III–IVwere regarded as advanced stages. The two average transitiontemperatures (Tm) increased with disease severityfrom 64.84 and 70.32 C (healthy) to 68.46 and 75.24 C(stage IV), respectively. Tm were increased depending onclinical groups. In addition, the change in heat capacity wasalso dependent on the disease severity. To further supportand investigate the nature of the proposed interactions,matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flightmass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis isemployed. The results suggest the differences in peptideexpression between early and advanced stage of ovariancancer, affected abundant proteins in plasma. The combinedDSC and MS approach was supportive in identifyinga unique signature of ovarian cancer stages, anddemonstrates the potential of DSC as a complementarydiagnostic tool in the evaluation of early stage ovariancancer.

Changes of aquaporin and lactate dehydrogenase gene families’ expression patterns during development

Jae Won Park,Yong-Pil Cheon 한국발생생물학회 2014 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2014 No.9

Developing preimplantation embryos require appropriate energy source and express stage specific gene expression for proper development. During early stage embryo development, major energy sources were pyruvate and lactate, after then glucos is used as a main source. Aquaporins (AQPs), also, is suggested as key molecules for blastocoels formation, and energy and meytabolic homeostasis. In this study, we analyzed the expression profiles of AQPs and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) which convet lacte to pyruvate and back. During development in vivo condition, the expression patterns can be classificed six clusters. AQP2,-3, -5, -8, -9, and -11 were detected at various stages but others were not. Cluster 1 is for an only express at blastocyst stage. Cluster 2 is for an incrase continuosuly from 4-cell stage. Cluster 3 is for a peak at both 4-cell and blastocyst stages. Cluster 4 is for a sharp decrease at morula stage. Cluster 5 is for a sharp decrase at 2-cell and morula stages. Cluster 6 is for continuous decrease after 4-cell stage. Cluster 7 is for no expression AQPs. LDHs expression has three patterns. First is for sharp decrase at both 2-cell stage and morula a stage. Second is for a continuous decrease from 4-cell stage. Third is for an existings until fertilized oocyte, 1-cell stage. Interestingly the expression profiles of AQPs and LDHs were totally changed by in vitro culture. All of the AQPs and LDHs were detected except AQP8. The leves of LDHA and LDHB were significantly decreased in vitro but those of LDHC and LDHD were increased. These results suggest that early stage embryos themselves adaptate to their conditon through modulation of the specific gene expression such as AQPs and LDHs.

Early Detection is Important to Reduce the Economic Burden of Gastric Cancer

Kim, Jie-Hyun,Kim, Sung Soo,Lee, Jeong Hoon,Jung, Da Hyun,Cheung, Dae Young,Chung, Woo-Chul,Park, Soo-Heon The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2018 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.18 No.1

Purpose: Early detection of gastric cancer is important to improve prognosis. Early detection enables local treatment, such as endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Therefore, we investigated whether early detection of gastric cancer could reduce healthcare costs by comparison according to stage and treatment modalities. Materials and Methods: Medical care costs were investigated according to tumor stage and initial treatment modality in 1,188 patients newly diagnosed with gastric cancer at 7 medical institutions from December 2011 to June 2012. Total medical care costs during the first-year after diagnosis (total first-year costs) were examined, including the costs of initial treatment, post-initial treatment, and inpatient and outpatient visits. Results: Stage I (75.3%) was the most common cancer stage. ESD was the second most common treatment following surgery. Total first-year costs increased significantly from stages I to IV. The costs of initial treatment and post-initial treatment were lowest in patients with stage I cancer. Among patients with stage I cancer, total first-year costs were significantly lower when treated by ESD; in particular, initial ESD treatment costs were much lower than others. Conclusions: The cost of healthcare has increased significantly with increasing cancer stages. ESD can greatly reduce medical care costs of gastric cancer. Thus, early detection of gastric cancer is important to reduce healthcare costs.

Sarcopenia as a Predictor of Prognosis in Early Stage Ovarian Cancer

Chae Su Hyun,Lee Chulmin,Yoon Sang-Hee,Shim Seung-Hyuk,Lee Sun Joo,Kim Soo-Nyung,Chung Sochung,Lee Ji Young 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.1

Background: To identify sarcopenia as a predictive prognostic factor of ovarian cancer in terms of survival outcome in patients with early-stage ovarian cancer. Methods: Data of Konkuk University Medical Center from March 2002 to December 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Eighty-two patients who underwent surgery due to early-stage (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I/II) ovarian cancer and had computed tomography (CT) images taken at the initial diagnosis were included. The initial CT scan images were analyzed with SliceOmatic software (TomoVision). A sarcopenia cutoff value was defined as a skeletal muscle index of ≤ 38.7 cm2 /m2 . Overall survival (OS) times were compared according to the existence of sarcopenia, and subgroup analyses were performed. Results: A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant survival disadvantage for patients with early-stage ovarian cancer when they had sarcopenia (P < 0.001; log-rank test). Sarcopenia remained a significant prognostic factor for OS in early-stage ovarian cancer, in a Cox proportional hazards model regression analysis (HR, 21.9; 95% CI, 2.0–199.9; P = 0.006). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that sarcopenia was predictive of OS in patients with early-stage ovarian cancer. Further prospective studies with a larger number of patients are warranted to determine the extent to which sarcopenia can be used as a prognostic factor in ovarian cancer.

초기 창업기업 창업지원정책의 효과성 분석: 창업업종 및 창업성장단계 조절효과

정경희 한국벤처창업학회 2020 벤처창업연구 Vol.15 No.1

This study was proceeded to empirically identify the start-up support policy as an element that affects the performance of the early start-ups and measure the effectiveness of the current start-up support policy, in order to suggest the direction future policies according to the study. To accomplish this the influence of the start-up support policy on the early start-ups was analyzed, and the differences according to the industry and growth stage of the start-ups, as the characteristics of the start-ups, were identified. The research subjects collected real data of 297 start-ups of the past three years that were selected for the Initial Start-Up Package project, and performed multiple regression analysis on the influence between variables, and hierarchical regression analysis on moderating effects. The summary of the study is as follows. First, as a result of identifying the influential relationship between the start-up support policy and the performance of the start-up, sales had made a significant impact on the start-up fund, start-up mentoring, and start-up infrastructure(space), while start-up education failed to show a significant effect on the increase in sales. In terms of employment, start-up mentoring was the only field that showed a significant influential relationship. Second, as a result of identifying the moderating effect of the start-up’s industry and growth stage, the industry did not have a statistically significant influence, but the interactive effect was seen in start-up education. To be more specific in terms of the sales relationship of each industry, knowledge services turned out to be helpful in improving sales, while manufacturing turned out to be effective in improving sales regardless of being supported with start-up mentoring and start-up infrastructure (space). The sales relationship regarding the start-up growth stage was identified to be statistically significant. The preliminary stage was not statistically significant, while providing start-up mentoring and start-up funding were effective for start-up stage and growing stage, respectively. On the other hand, employment did not perform a significant influence on the start-up growth stage. This study analyzes the effectiveness the start-up support policy for early start-ups, identifies the need in differentiated support policies according to the characteristics of the start-ups, and suggests implications for the direction in which future policies should be made towards. 본 연구는 초기 창업기업 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 창업지원정책을 실증적으로 규명하고, 현재의 창업지원정책에 대한 효과성을 측정하여, 이를 토대로 향후 정책적 방향을 제시하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 창업지원정책이 초기 창업기업의 성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하고, 창업기업의 특성으로 창업업종 및 창업성장단계에 따라 어떠한 차이점이 있는지 확인하였다. 연구대상은 초기창업패키지 사업에 선정된 최근 3년간 창업기업 297개의 실제 테이터를 수집하여, 변수 간 영향력은 다중회귀분석, 조절효과는 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 창업지원정책과 창업성과의 영향 관계 확인 결과, 매출은 창업자금, 창업멘토링, 창업인프라(공간) 모두 유의한 영향을 보였으며, 반면 창업교육은 매출증가에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 고용은 창업멘토링만이 유의한 영향 관계임을 확인하였다. 둘째, 창업업종과 창업성장단계의 조절효과 확인 결과, 창업업종은 통계적으로 유의한 영향력을 미치지 못하였으나, 상호작용 효과는 창업교육에서 유의하게 나타났다. 구체적으로 업종별 매출 관계는 지식서비스는 창업교육이 매출향상에 도움을 주며, 제조는 창업멘토링과 창업인프라(공간) 지원 여부와 관계없이 모두 매출향상에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 창업성장단계별 매출 관계는 통계적으로 유의한 영향력을 확인하였다. 예비단계는 통계적으로 유의하지 않으며, 창업단계는 창업멘토링 지원, 성장단계는 창업자금 지원이 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다. 반면 고용은 창업성장단계에 따라 유의한 영향력을 미치지 못하였다. 본 연구는 초기 창업기업 대상 창업지원정책의 효과성을 분석하여, 창업기업 특성에 따른 차별적 정책지원의 필요성을 확인하고, 향후 정책적 방향에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.

Comparison of laparoscopy and laparotomy for the management of early-stage ovarian cancer: surgical and oncological outcomes

구유진,김정은,김영화,한호섭,이인호,김태진,이기헌,심재욱,임경택 대한부인종양학회 2014 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.25 No.2

Objective: To investigate the surgical and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic surgery compared with laparotomy for the treatment of early-stage ovarian cancer. Methods: Data from patients who underwent surgical management for early-stage ovarian cancer between 2006 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients presented with stage I or II disease, and underwent comprehensive staging surgery consisting of a total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, omentectomy, and peritoneal cytology. Results: Seventy-seven patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery (24 patients) or laparotomy (53 patients) were identified. Surgery for none of the patients was converted from laparoscopy to laparotomy. The mean operation time was shorter and the estimated blood loss was lower in the laparoscopy group than in the laparotomy group, though the differences were not statistically significant (193 min vs. 224 min, p=0.127; 698 mL vs. 973 mL, p=0.127). There were no differences in the intraoperative or postoperative complications. During a mean follow-up period of 31 months, tumor recurrence occurred in 4 patients: 2 (8.3%) in the laparoscopy group and 2 (3.8%) in the laparotomy group. The mean disease-free survival was 59 months after laparoscopy and 66 months after laparotomy (p=0.367). Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery seems to be adequate and feasible for the treatment of early-stage ovarian cancer with comparable results to laparotomy in terms of the surgical outcomes and oncological safety.