곤충류 종다양성을 고려한 농경지 보전가치평가

김은영 ( Eun Young Kim ),송원경 ( Won Kyong Song ),전성우 ( Seong Woo Jeon ),한용구 ( Yong Gu Han ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2013 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.16 No.5

The agricultural area is a priority to develop than the natural area for land developments. However, the importance of agricultural biodiversity is emphasized recently. The agricultural area does not only provide food for human and habitat for wild life but also contribute to improve biodiversity. It is necessary to preserve the agricultural area with rich biodiversity. The study was conducted to analyze biodiversity of insects for conservation value assessment of agricultural areas. According to the results of field survey, there is higher biodiversity index in agricultural areas surrounding the forest or small size agricultural areas. By contrast, the index is lower in agricultural areas near roads or in the intensive agricultural area. The results show that there is high biodiversity in agricultural areas, especially margin agricultural area such as below 2ha and over slop rate of 15%. Therefore, further studies should be conducted field survey more to generalize for biodiversity in agricultural area, and establish the criteria to protect agricultural area from land developments.

농업진흥지역 밖 농지의 보전 적지 분석: 환경성과 생산성 중심으로

성재훈,채광석 한국농업경제학회 2019 農業經濟硏究 Vol.60 No.3

Agricultural promotion areas are designated based on the efficiency of the investment on agricultural production infrastructure, and thus large and collectivized farmland is mainly included in agricultural promotion areas. However, Fields outside agricultural promotion areas would be necessary to be conserved and managed more actively when they are productive and environmentally valuable. This study evaluated fields outside agricultural promotion areas based on their productivity and environmental value. To be specific, slope and the land suitability index for paddy, upland, and orchard were used as proxy variables representing fields’productivity. The national environmental zoning map of Korea Environment Institute was incorporated for the environmental index. In addition, to aggregate the indices and evaluate each field, three methodologies were used: 1) intersection method 2) human development index of UNDP 3) Data Envelopment Analysis. The results show that, with respect to environmental conditions, the difference between fields in agricultural promotion areas and fields outside agricultural promotion areas would be insignificant. Also, when intersecting all indices together, 15.8% of fields outside agricultural promotion areas would satisfy criteria for the productivity and environmental conditions. The results thus imply that the productive and environmentally valuable fields should be considered as agricultural conservation areas, and managed them more carefully.

경기도 농업·농촌 및 식품산업 발전 방향

이수행,김정호,김태곤,박정지 경기연구원 2018 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

Agricultural policies focused on competitiveness improvement have achieved remarkable results, but there is a critical perspectives. Since the UR, domestic agriculture has been growing rapidly mainly in terms of scale, specialization and efficiency, resulting in a significant increase in productivity and agricultural output. Domestic agricultural productivity improved by 30% between 2004 and 2014. Agricultural production increased from 18 trillion won in 1990 to 48 trillion won in 2016. But it has its disadvantages. The income disparity between urban and rural areas has widened and polarization of asset within the agricultural areas has been intensified. The share of farm household income relative to urban workers household income declined from 78.2% in 2006 to 63.5% in 2016. The share of agriculture business owners over the age of 65 increased steadily. The dependence of food on foreign countries became worse and agricultural management environment deteriorated. Imported agricultural produce is pouring in since the market was opened. Agricultural imports increased from $ 19.8 billion in 2009 to $ 34.2 billion in 2017. The food self-sufficiency rate has dropped from 56.2% in 2009 to 49.8% in 2014. It is estimated that the size of the farmhouse, which is the top 30% of the cultivated area, accounts for 76.1% of the total cultivated area. In response to the critical view, the paradigm of the agriculture is shifting in the direction of the value. Expanding interest in alternative agriculture to explore sustainable agriculture and rural development, such as ensuring the safety of food and establishing a healthy food system, improving the quality of life, fostering small farmers focusing on family farming, restoring the pluralistic function of agriculture, expanding interest in rural inflow of young people. Although agricultural policies focused on improving competitiveness have many problems, agriculture is expected to become a new growth industry in the 21st century due to the fusion of agriculture and high-technology. With the convergence and integration of agriculture and high technology such as smart farms, the agricultural sector is also demanding innovative growth. Agricultural policies strengthening the competitiveness require alternatives because of the problem of shrinking small farmers. It is possible that the polarization will further deepen as advanced agriculture requires a lot of initial investment costs. Therefore, small farmers should seek alternatives for agricultural development such as eco-friendly agriculture, finding new value by utilizing the plural functions of agriculture. This study presented the development direction for rural·agricultural areas and food industry in Gyeonggi-Do. The development direction of agriculture and rural areas focuses on improving the quality of life in rural areas and establishing healthy food system. These points are reflected in the agricultural, rural and food industry development plans that are established every five years. Considering the 5-year plan for agriculture and food industry development in Gyeonggi-do should be linked with the five-year plan of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs(MAFRA), this study proposes policy directions and key tasks such as farm management and income safety nets, strengthening food safety, improving productivity through innovation, creating new added value and job creation.

농업유산의 가치분석에 따른 관광자원화 연구

손호기,김상범 동북아관광학회 2016 동북아관광연구 Vol.12 No.3

농업유산의 다원적 기능과 가치, 국가중요농업유산의 유형화된 특징 등은 향후 국가농업유산을 관광자원화·명소화 하는데 중요한 요소들이라 할 수 있겠다. 농업유산은문화재 또는 보호지역과 달리 영농 활동이 지속되기 때문에 현재의 상황에 근거한 계획의 수립과 시행, 분석과 조정, 학습과 공유, 농촌관광 등으로 순환적 과정을 거치는순응적 관리(adaptive management)를 통한 보전이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 이를위해 연구관련 전문가 7명이 세계중요농업유산 지정기준(5가지)에 따른 내용을 토대로 세계중요농업유산 25개소의 특성을 5점 척도로 평가하여 유형화 시켰다. 연구결과, 4가지의 방사형 가치평가 유형이 나타났다. 전통농업기술형은 생계유지를 위한 다양한농업기술 및 문화가 발달한 지역으로, 국가별 독특한 환경에서의 농업기술과 지식·문화가 돋보이는 유형이다. 농업 생산활동형은 넓은 식량원을 보유하고 있으며, 식량· 생계의 안정성 및 빈곤감소를 위해 생태계 및 식생활 보장이 우선적으로 이어져오고있으며, 농업 의존 지역이다. 전통농업 경관환경보전형은 생계유지를 위한 식량원으로서의 기능과 경관·토지·수자원 관리의 특성을 지니며, 자연환경과 사회적 한계를 극복하기 위해 인간의 관리로 형성된 독특한 경관으로 계단식논/다랭이 논이나 밭, 관개체계 등을 포함하며 주로 생태관광이 가능한 지역 유형이다. 복합형은 복합적인 기능과 특징을 모두 지닌 지역으로, 지역별 농업유산의 사회·문화적 특성과 자연생태, 농업적 기술 등 다원적 기능을 부각시켜 활용하는 지역 유형이다. 그리고 농업·농촌유산에 대한 새로운 비즈니스모델과 농촌 관광자원화에 신 성장동력으로서 중요한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다. It can be argued that agricultural heritage, and the characteristic types of the major national agricultural heritage sites discussed in this study, are the main factors involved in developing national agricultural heritage for tourism resources and attractions in the future. Agricultural heritage differs from cultural properties or protected areas because of its sustainable farming activity. Thus plans based on the current situation, their establishment and implementation, the analysis and adjustment, and the learning and sharing, seem to need an adaptive management strategy through the cyclical process of rural tourism. To meet this necessity, seven research professionals (two from Rural Landscape, two from Tourism, one from Traditional Knowledge, and one from Agriculture) have carried out the project, and determined the types of characteristics of 25 World Agricultural Heritage sites, based on the five criteria for World Agricultural Heritage evaluated on a 5-point scale. The results show four types of radial patterned valuation. The Agricultural Activities Type is an area with spacious food sources, secure ecosystem and dietary standards for the stability of food and sustenance, and for the poverty reduction. It still relies heavily on agriculture. The Traditional Agricultural Technology Type is an area with various agricultural technology and culture for sustentation, and demonstrates local specific agricultural skills, knowledge, and culture in their unique environment. The Traditional Agricultural Landscape Environment Preservation Type has the characteristic functions of food resources for sustentation, landscape, soil and water resources. It is an area with a unique landscape formed by human management to overcome the natural environment and social limits and is able to provide eco-tourism, such as terraced rice paddies/Daraengi-non and irrigation systems. The Combination Type is the area with both function and characteristics. It utilizes the characteristics of multi-functionality such as local agricultural heritage and culture, ecology, agricultural technology and so on. A new business model we presented for agricultural and rural heritage is believed to be an important material for a new growth engine in developing the rural tourism resources.

산지유통인이 주도하는 김치제조용 원료배추의 계약생산과 계약지역의 농업 변화

김서연,장영진 한국경제지리학회 2024 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.27 No.1

본 연구는 김치제조업체 D기업에 원료배추를 공급하는 산지유통인과 배추 주산지 농가 간 계약생산을대상으로 사례 계약생산의 주체별 역할을 규명하고 계약생산에 의한 계약지역의 농업 변화를 설명하는 것을목적으로 한다. 연구 결과 계약지역에서 배추농업을 주도하는 핵심 주체는 농업인으로부터 산지유통인으로 변화되고 있음이 확인되었다. 첫째, 산지유통인은 주산지 배추농업 의사결정의 핵심 주체로서 생산의 전과정을총괄하면서 계약지역 배추농업 전반을 통제함에 따라 농업인의 역할을 대체하고 있다. 둘째, 산지유통인은 계약농가의 후반기 농작업을 전담함에 따라 배추 주산지에서 농업인에 버금가는 핵심적인 영농 주체로 부상하고있다. 이는 계약 물량 확보 및 품질 관리에 대한 산지유통인의 요구와 고령농의 증가 및 인력 부족 문제를 겪고 있는 주산지 농가의 요구가 맞아 떨어진 결과라 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of each party in relation to the contract farming of cabbage which is taking place under the contract between the local trader of agricultural produce that supplies raw cabbage to company “D,” a manufacturer of kimchi, and the cabbage farm where the cabbage is grown, and to describe the changes brought by the contract farming to the agriculture of the contract area. As a result of the study, it was discovered that, while the farming of cabbage in the contract area used to be led by farmers, it is now increasingly being controlled by the local traders of agricultural produce. First, as the key player in the decision-making related to the cabbage farming in the main cabbage producing areas, local traders of agricultural produce are replacing the role of farmers by supervising the entire production process and controlling the overall cabbage farming in the contract area. Second, in the main cabbage producing areas, local traders of agricultural produce are becoming a key farming entity by carrying out functions that are comparable to those of farmers and playing a major role in the second half of the agricultural work at the farms in the contract area. This can be considered as the result of the balance between the demands of the local traders of agricultural produce who need to secure contract volume and manage the quality of their produce and the demands of the farmers in key cabbage producing areas who are facing difficulties due to the increase in the number of elderly farmers and a shortage of manpower.

지역농업 역량 지수를 활용한 농촌 유형화 연구

조재성 한국농식품정책학회 2023 농업경영정책연구 Vol.50 No.2

This study aimed to develop an indicator system for assessing regional agricultural competitiveness and categorizing rural areas accordingly. The indicator system comprises 3 domains, 15 items, and 30 core indicators: regional economic foundation, agricultural structure, and fiscal conditions. The regional economic foundation reflects the fundamental economic basis required for maintaining and developing local industries, while the agricultural structure represents the scale, structure, and characteristics of regional agriculture. Fiscal conditions, on the other hand, mirror the region's financial self-sufficiency and agricultural budget. Domain-specific indices were derived through principal component analysis and correlation analysis between principal components and agricultural production. Employing hierarchical cluster analysis, 154 cities and counties were classified into 5 types: industry-vulnerable areas (25 cities), non-agricultural industrial areas (29 cities), agriculturally-developed areas (27 cities), typical rural areas with scaled and modernized farms (39 cities), and typical rural areas (34 cities).

일본 도시근교지역의 농지유동화에 관한 연구-후쿠오카현 후카에지구의 농업구조개선사업을 중심으로-

황재현 ( Jae-hyun Hwang ) 한국농업정책학회 2007 농업경영정책연구 Vol.34 No.4

The purpose of this paper is to study feature and phenomenon of agricultural land mobility in case of Fukae District of Nijo town in Fukuoka Prefecture. It also clarifies the difference of Agricultural land mobility between agriculture areas and suburban areas and analyzes the change of Farm Business Structure by Agricultural land mobility. It`s likely to understand the transition of the policy of Agricultural land mobility and check features and problems of the policy of Agricultural land mobility Japanese government is proceeding right now. This paper is consisted of four part. Part Ⅱ is to understand the transition and the present condition of Agricultural land mobility in Japan then to study the problem of Agricultural land mobility in suburban areas. Part Ⅲ is to consider restructuring business of agriculture industry based on Agricultural land mobility. Part Ⅳ is to study the change of Farm Business Structure and to analyze economical effects due to it. Part Ⅴ is to analyze features and problems of the business of Agricultural land mobility in Fukae District, Fukuoka Prefecture and to check the problem of the business of Agricultural land mobility in suburban areas according to the result.

19세기 말~20세기 초 강원지역 궁방전의 농업경영

박성준 강원사학회 2020 江原史學 Vol.0 No.35

삼남지역을 넘어선 조선사회 전반을 아우르는 농업발전의 일반성을 추출하기 위해 지금까지 크게 주목받지 못했던 강원지역의 농업경영을 궁방전을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 조선후기 강원지역에 형성되었던 궁방전의 비중은 함경도 다음으로 가장낮을 만큼 왕실의 주목을 받지 못했다. 그러나 19세기 후반 이후 궁방전의 비중이증가했다. 강원지역에 궁방의 관심이 높아지고, 장토의 비중이 증가했다는 것은그만큼 경제적 이익이 보장되었다는 것을 의미한다. 강원지역 궁방전의 농업경영은 삼남지역 사적 지주와 비슷했다. 궁방은 강원지역에서 답 중심으로 토지를 매득·개간하며 집적했다. 경영방식에서 답은 타조, 전은도조를 선호했다. 궁방은 부재지주였지만 일반 재지지주처럼 현지에 마름을 두고장토를 관리하면서 타조방식을 선호했으며, 도조는 자연재해를 입은 답을 안정된상태로 회복하기 위한 보조적 장치로 활용했다. 타조로 경영한 답에서 궁방은 결세를, 작인은 종자를 부담했다. 궁방이 半種子를 지급한 경우에는 작인이 결세를 부담했다. 도조로 경영한 전답은 작인이 결세와 종자를 모두 부담했다. 타조로 경영한답에서는 草價를 따로 징수하기도 했다. 궁방이 강원지역 답에서 징수한 지대량은 삼남지역 사적 지주의 지대량에 비해서는 약간 낮은 수준이었지만 동일한 궁방이 삼남지역 답에서 징수한 지대량보다는약간 높은 수준이었다. 전의 지대량은 삼남지역의 사적 지주가 징수한 지대량과비슷한 수준이었다. 일반적으로 강원지역은 산간지역이라 농업이 삼남지역에 비해 덜 발달한 것으로인식되고 있다. 그러나 강원지역의 농업경영 양상과 전답의 두락당 지대량은 삼남지역과 큰 차이가 없이 비슷했다. 그리고 극심한 자연재해가 들어도 지대량이 지속적으로 감소한 것이 아니라 다음 해에 이를 극복하며 이전 수준으로 회복하였다. 강원지역의 농업은 자연재해를 겪어도 다음 해에 정상적으로 경작할 수 있는 생산력 기반을갖추고 있었던 것이다. 19세기 말~20세기 초 조선의 농업생산력은 전국적으로 발전되어 삼남지역과 강원지역이 비슷한 수준을 이루고 있었다고 평가할 수 있다. The Royal Household Land formed in Gangwon area in the late Joseon Period has not received the attention of Royal Family to the lowest point after Hamkyoung Province. However, in the latter half of the 19th century, the importance of Royal Household Land increased as Myeongnye Palace, Gyeongseon Palace, and Yeongchin Royal Palace became to be interested in Gangwon area. What the interest of Gungbang in Gangwon area becomes high and the importance of farmland increased means that the economic profit has been guaranteed as much as that. The agricultural management of Royal Household Land in Gangwon area was similar to the agricultural management of private landowner of three southern provinces. The Gungbang accumulated the land with the field as the center in Gangwon area. The field preferred the system paying the half (50%) of crop, the paddy preferred the system paying the determined amount in the landowner management. The Gungbang bore the land tax, the tenant farmer bore the seed in the field managed by the system paying the half of crop. In case the Gungbang paid the half seed, the tenant farmer bore the land tax. In paddies and fields managed by the system paying the determined amount, the tenant farmer bore the land tax and seed all. The tax items shall be collected separately in the field managed by the system paying the half (50%) of crop. The amount of ground rent that Gungbang collects in the field of Gangwon area is a little bit higher than the amount of ground rent that Gungbang collects in the field of three southern provinces. The amount of ground rent of paddyis similar to the amount of ground rent that the private landowner collects. The aspect of agricultural management and the amount of ground rent by the amount of seed of paddy and field are similar to those of three southern provinces. The agriculture in Gangwon area didn’t continue to decline in the amount of ground rent even though there is the severe natural disaster, it has the productive base to overcome it the following year and recover to the previous level. The agricultural productivity of Joseon at the end of 19th and early 20th century was developed nationwide, three southern provinces and Gangwon area were at a similar level.

中国农村剩余劳动力的出路

Wang Yongle 서울행정학회 2007 서울행정학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

According to modern classical theory, modernization refers to industrialization and urbanization. It refers to the relationship between the urban areas and the: rural areas. In the process of modernization, the traditional rural areas are facing, a serious challenge: to survive or to ruin, to decline or to recover, to be abandoned or to be reconstructed...... Any country that walks toward the modernization must face and solve this "Hamlet" problem. The issue of Chinese rural areas and farmers is such a issue of social improvement which is considered in the background of the modernization. In the ancient times, it was agricultural society and agriculture was the most important industry. The majority of the populace is farmers. The balanced society based on the agricultural civilization runs under the rule of its own logic. As a result, the issue of Farmers, Rural Areas and Aagriculture Production didn't cause social land political problems. However, as the society improves, the modern industrial civilization factors such as cities, workers and industries turned out; then the problem of Farmers, Rural Areas and Agriculture Production relevant to the traditional civilization has become a social and political problem. Especially to China, as its mineralization process is activated by the crash of western industrial civilization, the problem of the rural areas and farmers became very intense. From the beginning of this century, as is greatly influenced by the western culture, this problem is becoming more and more conspicuous, it has become one of the most important problems that wait to be solved by the government. As a result, the research of the problem of the rural areas and farmers in 21th century is becoming very significant. Paying more attention to farmers, supporting the development of the agriculture production and rural. areas, is not only a realistic problem but also a strategy problem; it is not only a economical problem but also a political problem. Therefore, the issue about how to solve the problem of Farmers, Rural Areas and Agriculture Production has become a hot topic of Chinese governmental academic circles. This article aims to express my opinion on the problem of the surplus labor force.

청천면 거점면소재지 중심마을 개발사업 수립방안 연구

박재호(Park Jae-Ho),김정희(Kim Jung-Hee),김기수(Kim Gi-Soo) 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.27 No.1

Recently residents in rural areas have moved to cities and eup areas from myun areas to enjoy better services. It resulted in the gradual decrease of people in myun areas weakening the role of myun areas. Now Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry recognized the necessity of strengthening the role of myun areas as a central location that connects cities and small eup areas to agricultural and fishery villages for balanced development of the nation and established "center village development business at myun areas" as a business of general development of agricultural villages. This paper studies Cheongcheon area, located in Goesan gun, Chungcheongbuk do, that has been selected for center village development business at myun areas. It suggests a plan that helps it to work as center myun area comparing the goals of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and the situation of Cheongcheon area.