Ontogenetic Expression of Lpin2 and Lpin3 Genes and Their Associations with Traits in Two Breeds of Chinese Fat-tailed Sheep

Jiao, Xiao-Li,Jing, Jiong-Jie,Qiao, Li-Ying,Liu, Jian-Hua,Li, Liu-An,Zhang, Jing,Jia, Xia-Li,Liu, Wen-Zhong Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.3

Lipins play dual function in lipid metabolism by serving as phosphatidate phosphatase and transcriptional co-regulators of gene expression. Mammalian lipin proteins consist of lipin1, lipin2, and lipin3 and are encoded by their respective genes Lpin1, Lpin2, and Lpin3. To date, most studies are concerned with Lpin1, only a few have addressed Lpin2 and Lpin3. Ontogenetic expression of Lpin2 and Lpin3 and their associations with traits would help to explore their molecular and physiological functions in sheep. In this study, 48 animals with an equal number of males and females each for both breeds of fat-tailed sheep such as Guangling Large Tailed (GLT) and Small Tailed Han (STH) were chosen to evaluate the ontogenetic expression of Lpin2 and Lpin3 from eight different tissues and months of age by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associations between gene expression and slaughter and tail traits were also analyzed. The results showed that Lpin2 mRNA was highly expressed in perirenal and tail fats, and was also substantially expressed in liver, kidney, reproductive organs (testis and ovary), with the lowest levels in small intestine and femoral biceps. Lpin3 mRNA was prominently expressed in liver and small intestine, and was also expressed at high levels in kidney, perirenal and tail fats as well as reproductive organs (testis and ovary), with the lowest level in femoral biceps. Global expression of Lpin2 and Lpin3 in GLT both were significantly higher than those in STH. Spatiotemporal expression showed that the highest levels of Lpin2 expression occurred at 10 months of age in two breeds of sheep, with the lowest expression at 2 months of age in STH and at 8 months of age in GLT. The greatest levels of Lpin3 expression occurred at 4 months of age in STH and at 10 months of age in GLT, with the lowest expression at 12 months of age in STH and at 8 months of age in GLT. Breed and age significantly influenced the tissue expression patterns of Lpin2 and Lpin3, respectively, and sex significantly influenced the spatiotemporal expression patterns of Lpin3. Meanwhile, Lpin2 and Lpin3 mRNA expression both showed significant correlations with slaughter and tail traits, and the associations appear to be related with the ontogenetic expression as well as the potential functions of lipin2 and lipin3 in sheep.

표현 효과 중심의 문법교육적 관점에 입각한 학습자의 부정표현 선택 과정 유형 분석 연구

김범진 ( Kim¸ Beom-jin ) 서울대학교 국어교육과 2021 先淸語文 Vol.48 No.-

Negative expressions are used not only to deny a situation but also to express various expressive intentions of a person. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the syntactic characteristics of negative expressions but also to the choice of negative expressions in which various contextual factors are considered. This study revealed how negative expressions are used for expressive effects and analyzed learner’s selecting process of negative expression. This study focuses not on the syntactic characteristics of negative sentences but on the effect of negative expressions. Thus, the concept of negative expression, which has been defined mainly from a syntactic point of view, has been redefined as an extended concept covering a semantic perspective. This study also suggested the concept of grammar education centered on expression effect which aims at the teaching of grammatical knowledge that can be used to understand a text and produce established text. Through this, this study secured the educational significance of negative expressions which can increase the linguistic resources that can be used as a rhetorical strategy and increase the linguistic sensitivity by paying attention to language expression. Then, the background of the expression effect of negative expression, the mechanism of context, and the context factors involved inthe choice of negative expressions were examined to establish the basis for the contents of education of negative expression. As preliminary work to of prepare the contents of negative expression, this study analyzed the aspect of students’ selecting negative expression through on a survey of 476 students. Based on the theoretical basis, the learner's process of selecting negative expression was analyzed based on whether the context was considered, whether it constituted the optional system and whether the expression intention was considered. According to these analyses, the learner 's process of selecting negative expressions was typified into five. This work is important in that it extensively redefines the concept of negative representation based on theoretical review. This study also analyzed the actual negative representation selection process of learners, which is meaningful as a pre-work to prepare negative representation training content based on grammatical educational perspectives centered on expression effects.

Enforced expression of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein a induces expression of C/EBPβ, C/EBPδand PPARγin BHK cell line

Lee, Ki Choon,Chang, Moon Baek,Park, In Kee 中央大學校 食糧資源硏究所 1997 食糧資源硏究所 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

A broad base of data has implicated a role of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein family of transcription factors in the control of gene expression and cell development. Because C/EBPs is expressed in a complex array during adipocyte development and promoters of C/EBPs contain C/EBP binding sites, we investigated the possibility that the enforced expression of C/EBPα regulates the expression of C/EBPβ and δ. Overexpression of the full-length C/EBPα in BHK cells by transfection increased expression of C/EBPβ and δ. In addition, ectopic expression of C/EBPα increases expression of both isoforms of C/EBPδ, p36C/EBPδ and p32C/EBPδ whereas p36C/EBPδ was not observed in non-transfected BHK cells. These data clearly demonstrate that overexpression of C/EBPα regulates expression of C/EBPβ and δ as well as the selection of translation initiation sites. Because promoter of PPARγ contains two C/EBP binding sites, we also examined the levels of PPARγ1 and 2 in transfected cells. Overexpression of C/EBPα induced expression of PPARγ1 without change in PPARγ2 whereas equal levels of PPARγ1 and 2 were expressed in normal BHK cells. In conclusion, C/EBPα regulates the expression of other members of C/EBP family and PPARγ, which may increase complex regulation of target gene expression.

互动视角下汉语坦言性表达的功能探析

金恩柱 한국언어연구학회 2020 언어학연구 Vol.25 No.3

Frank expression is a common way of expression. This paper defines frank expression as a speech act, and studies its function from the perspective of interaction. According to the analysis of corpus, Chinese frank expression can be used for positive expression, negative expression and zero degree expression. In positive expression, frank expression is used to enhance sincerity. In the negative expression, confession is used to reduce the degree of face threat or prompt threat. In the zero degree expression, the frank expression is used to enhance credibility. In addition, the function of frank expression is intersecting.

우리나라 전통 표현 활동의 개념 정립 및 교육 내용 요소

홍희정 ( Hong¸ Hee-jung ),임현주 ( Lim¸ Hyun-joo ) 한국무용교육학회 2021 韓國舞踊敎育學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

The purpose of this study is to present concept and educational content elements of Korean traditional expression activities so that education on traditional expression activities can be actively practiced through physical education and in the field of expression. For this study, a documentary survey and a Delphi survey were conducted. For the Delphi survey, 12 Delphi experts with long educational and research experience related to traditional expression activities were selected. A total of four Delphi surveys were carried out, and the following research outcomes were deduced: First, the concept of Korean traditional expression activities was presented as “an activity that expresses the unique traditions of our people with physical movements in a cultural style where Korea’s history, philosophy, sentiment and etc. are inherited that have been passed down for a long time.” Second, a total of 22 educational content elements were presented, including basic movements, motions and principles of traditional expression activities, and understanding the types of traditional expression activities. I hope that this study will provide an opportunity to recognize the importance of Korean traditional culture, and that education on Korean traditional expression activities will be more diversified in classes of the field of expression with the content elements of the education on traditional expression activities presented by the study in the future.

장르 드라마에서의 표정연기연구 - 드라마‘보이스2’를 중심으로 -

오윤홍 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2019 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.13 No.8

For the actors on video, facial expression acting can easily become ‘forced facial expression’ or ‘over-acting’. Also, if self-restraint is emphasized too much, then it becomes ‘flat acting’ with insufficient emotions. By bringing forth questions in regard to such facial expression acting methods, this study analyzed the facial expression acting of the actors in genre dramas with strong commercial aspects. In conclusion, the facial expression acting methods of the actors in genre dramas were being conducted in a typical way. This means that in visual conventions of video acting, the aesthetic standard has become the important standard in the facial expression acting of the actors. In genre dramas, the emotions of the characters are often revealed in close-up shots. Within the close-up shot, the most important expressive medium in a ‘zoomed-in face’ is the ‘pupil of the eye’, and emotions are mostly expressed through the movements of the eye and muscles around it. The second most important expressive medium is the ‘mouth’. The differences in the degree of opening and closing the mouth convey diverse emotions along with the expression of the ‘eye’. In addition, tensions in the facial muscles greatly hinder the expression of emotions, and the movement of facial muscles must be minimized to prevent excessive wrinkles from forming on the surface of the face. Facial expressions are not completed just with the movement of the muscles. Ultimately, the movement of the muscle is the result of emotions. Facial expression acting takes place after having emotional feelings. For this, the actor needs to go through the process of ‘personalization’ of a character, such as ‘emotional memory’, ‘concentration’ and ‘relaxation’ which are psychological acting techniques of Stanislavsky. Also, the characteristics of close-up shots that visually reveal the ‘inner world’ should be recognized. In addition, it was discovered that the facial expression acting is the reaction acting that provides the important point in the unfolding of narratives, and that the method of facial expression and the size of the shots required for the actors are different depending on the roles of main and supporting characters.

言語 形式으로서의 表出에 대한 槪念 考察

송현정 한국어문교육연구회 2012 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.40 No.2

This study focuses on the concepts of exposure as a language sign compared to expression in a broad sense. To explain this, we used three main concepts, that is, purpose for expression, linguistic form, and sub- stantialization. And we analyzed the discourses in the context. The summary of this research is as follows. We explained that expression in a broad sense needs to be defined exquisitely according to ‘with purpose and without purpose for expression’. In other words, expression involves purpose for expression, linguistic form, and substantialization and we need to distinguish whether it has purpose for expression or not. When speakers have a purpose on expression for something, we could call expression with purpose. Though, if speakers have no purpose for expressing, it is a reflexive act. So, we could state these things from another angle. In this study, we showed that ‘expression without purpose’ is ‘exposure of language’ on the context where they don’t have listener, while ‘ex- pression with purpose’ is ‘express with language’ which they get wording and arrangement with vocabulary. 본고는 表出이라는 槪念이 表現 槪念의 意味 要素 중에서 意圖性이라는 측면에서 차이가 있음에 주목하여, 화자의 의도가 적극적으로 개입되지 않은 감정의 노출과 심리 내용을 의도적으로 조합해서 발화하는 내용을 구분하지 않고 동일한 表現으로 보는 것을 재고한다는 관점을 취한다. 表出은 表現하고자 하는 의도에 앞서 反射的으로 실체화된 현상이며, 텍스트에서 表出과 관련된 制約 條件은 형식적인 측면에서 볼 때 文章의 길이에 반영이 되고, 내용의 측면에서 볼 때 화자의 瞬間的 感情과 感歎에 관여된다. 그리고 우리가 日常生活에서 實際的으로 表現하는 發話 가운데 ‘表現한다’기보다 ‘表出된다’고 보는 것이 더 적절한 것이 있음을 살펴보았다. 要컨대 본고에서 보는 表出의 槪念은 청자를 상정하지 않은 狀況에서 화자의 感情을 表象하는 ‘드러남’의 양상이고, 이에 비해 表現은 話者가 意圖를 가지고 言語 形式의 選擇과 配列로 實體化한 ‘드러냄’의 양상이다.

일본어 분노의 감정표현 사용양상 -담화상의 감정을 중심으로-

송연희 ( Youn Hee Song ) 한국일어일문학회 2014 日語日文學硏究 Vol.89 No.1

「怒」の感情に對する發話を類型別に分類し、さらにその使用類型の考察 を行い、分類された發話類型がどのようなパタ一ンで起き、感情が表出され るのか發話パタ一ンを分析し使用類型と特微を考察した。分析結果及び考察 による結論は次の通りである。發話の發話類型は、「感情語感情表出」「感 動詞感情表出」「理由說明」「理由質問」「禁止要求」「行爲改善要求」 「警告」「確認要求」「非難」の9つの形に大きく分類することができた。 發話類型は、「感情語感情表出」を最も多く使用していたが、他の發話類 型もそれぞれ使っていたことがわかった。しかし全體的には「直接感情表 出」より「間接感情表出」をより多く使っていたことが確認できた。また 「怒」の感情の類型類型は、相手にどのような影響や評似を期待し要求する 發話類型が多いものが特微であることがわかった。「怒」の發話類型が多い 理由は、憤怒というものは他人に被害を被った場合に發生するため、その理 由を問い質したり、またなぜ憤怒を表出するのかを云えようとしたり、その 問題を解決し「怒」の狀況から早く拔けだすために樣□な行爲を相手に要求 したりするようになるため多樣な發話類型を使い相手に自分の感情を云えて いたことがわかった。 發話パタ一ンの場合、憤怒(怒)の感情は、複數パタ一ンより一つの發話類 型だけを使い單獨發話の比率が多く現れた。感情の言語的步輸出を通して日 本語の文化背景などに關する全般的な樣態及び特微を把握するためには、實 生活の場面で資料を集め、また包括的な表現を對象にし、より精密な考察が 行われなければならないと考えており、このことはこれからの課題として行 きたい。 This paper was examine the type of use that is classifiedby type of expression about emotion of rage and investigatedthe patterns and characteristics of expression by analyzing the patterns of expression that expression of emotion appear an patterns by the type of expression classified. The results of the analysis and investigation is appears in the next conclusion. This types of emotional expression is could be largely classified into nine types such as expression of emotion by use emotional language, express of feelings by use emotion verbs, explanation of the reasons, question of the reasons, demand of prohibition, warning, demand of confirmation, blame as type of emotion expressed. The type of expression about emotion of rage characterized that many types of expression appeared by expecting or by requiring any impact or effect to the other party.Why many expression appear the type of expression about emotion of rage are as follows: rage is generally occurred by suffered damage to others. Therefore, it could see that his feelings deliver to the other party by using various types of expression because of that he want to ask the cause of reason, deliver the anger and because of that he calls for action to the other party to solve the problem to escape from the situation as soon as rage or anger. In patterns of expression, emotion of rage showed a much higher rate as single patterns that use only one kind than the multiple patterns. In order to understand the overall aspect and features about cultural background of Japanese through linguistic expression of emotion, it is collected data from the scene of real-life and alsois investigated accurately of more comprehensive the target. the more specific study wish to proceed to the next.

생체 신호 분석을 통한 메타버스 아바타의 효과적인 감정 표현 연구 - 표정과 동작을 중심으로

장다윤,김지윤 한국영상학회 2024 한국영상학회 논문집 Vol.22 No.2

소통의 공간은 소셜 네트워크에서 메타버스의 가상공간으로 이동하고 있다. 메타버스의 가상공간에서는 아바타를 통해 비언어적 커뮤니케이션인 다양한 신체부위의 움직임을 통해 상대방에게 감정을 표현하고 있다. 이러한 비언어적인 신체 움직임은 아바타의 행동과 상황에 따른 감정 표현을 전달함으로써 의사소통에서 중요한 요소로 작용한다. 본 연구의 목적은 메타버스의 인간형 3D 아바타를 통해 감정을 표현하고 전달할 때 생체 신호 실험 결과를 바탕으로 효과적인 감정 표현 방법을 찾아 가상 캐릭터 제작자에게 제시하고자 한다. 감정 표현 유형을 아바타의 신체 움직임에 따라 표정, 동작, 표정과 동작의 3가지로 도출하여 표현 요인에 따른 시청자의 생체 신호 데이터를 분석하였다. 시선 추적과 피부 전기 반응을 통하여 몰입도를 알아보았으며, 동공의 반응을 통해 호감도를 알아보았다. 연구 결과, 표정 유형의 GSR 평균값이 높았으며 얼굴 영역에 시선이 더 오래 고정되었다. 호감도의 차이를 동공의 지름 크기 변화를 통해 알아본 결과 얼굴 영역에서 동공의 지름 크기가 확장되었음을 알 수 있었다. 몰입도와 호감도를 알아본 결과 동작보다는 표정에 시선이 머물고 교감신경이 활성화되었으며 시청자들은 표정을 통해 정보를 읽는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 인간형 3D 아바타는 표정에 중점을 두고 제작하면 효과적인 감정 표현과 감정 전달에 도움이 될 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 표정과 동작으로 표현하는 인간형 3D 아바타의 감정 표현 및 의사소통의 학술적 토대를 마련하고 다양한 플랫폼들의 아바타와 캐릭터 의사소통에 관한 연구로 확장하고자 한다. Communication spaces are moving from social networks to metaverse virtual spaces. Metaverse users express their emotions to their counterparts through motions of various body sites based on avatars, which are nonverbal communications. Such nonverbal body motions make it possible to express emotions through avatars' actions and situations, so that they play key roles in communication. The purpose of this study is to find an effective method of expressing emotions based on the results of bio-signal experiments when expressing and delivering emotions through the human-like 3D avatar of the metaverse and presenting them to virtual character creators. The viewer's bio-signal data according to the expression factors were analyzed by deriving three types of emotional expression types according to the avatar's movement: facial expression, gesture and gesture with facial expression. As a result of the study, the average of GSR(galvanic skin response) value of facial expression type was high and the gaze was fixed for longer in the facial expression part. Through the result of immersion and likability, it was found that viewers' attention lingered more on facial expressions rather than gesture, and the sympathetic nervous system was activated. It was observed that viewers read information through facial expressions. Character creation focusing on face expression of human-like 3D avatar would help effective emotion expression and delivery. This study is expected to prepare the academic foundation for emotion expression and communication of avatars with face expression and motion, and to extend to the studies on communication of various platform avatars and characters.

포괄적 음악감상 활동이 유아의 창의적 미술표현력에 미치는 영향

이수경,최진숙 한국조형교육학회 2011 造形敎育 Vol.0 No.39

This research is intended to examine the effects of comprehensive music appreciation activities on young children's creative 2D expression and 3D expression. First, we analyzed how comprehensive music appreciation activities affected the creative artistic expression ability of young children and found that the overall creative artistic expression ability appeared higher in the experimental group than in the comparative group. This was found in the post-test after the study. Second, in the post-test, the overall 3D artistic expression process points were higher in the experimental group than the comparative group Third, in the post-test, the overall 3D artistic expression ability points were higher in the experimental group than in the comparative group. In generalizing the above research results, we have seen that the influence of comprehensive music appreciation activities on 2D drawing expression and 3D artistic expression of young children, is positive and effective. Therefore, in order to improve the creative artistic expression and whole-child education of young children, the artistic activity programs associated with the diverse comprehensive music appreciation activities is considered as being very useful.