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      • KCI등재

        2022년 세계선수권대회 우수선수와 국내우수선수의 철봉종목 연기내용 비교분석 -개인종합경기 1~8위를 중심으로-

        김동화,강주원 한국체육교육학회 2022 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.27 No.5

        Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide information to athletes and leaders in the field as basic data for winning international competitions by analyzing the postponement of steel bar events by world excellent athletes and domestic excellent athletes. Methods: A total of 24 athletes were selected for the top eight players in the world championships, the top eight in the individual pressure in the national team, and the top eight in the high school individual competition in the 103rd National Sports Festival. For image analysis of the three groups, a scoring table for comparing and contrasting images captured by a video camera was used. For data processing, frequency analysis, one-way ANOVA, and post-analysis were performed using the SPSS26.0(Ver) statistical program, and the significance level was α=.It is set to 05. Results: First, the frequency analysis of the difficulty of acting in steel bar events by three groups showed that the world championship group preferred D difficulty, the starting group preferred C difficulty, and the national sports high school group preferred B difficulty, and all three groups did not conducted F difficulty. Second, as a result of a comparative analysis of the starting score of steel bar stocks by group, the three groups are F=9.952, P<.It was found that there was a significant difference in the level of 001, and as a result of post-analysis, the world championship group was the highest, followed by the selection group and the national sports high school group.As a result of the comparative analysis of the difficulty of the smoke composition of the steel bar category by group, A difficulty level F=15.075 p<.001, B difficulty level F=8.438 p<.01, D difficulty F=9.126, p<.01, E difficulty F=5.553, p<.The average difference was found at the level of 05, and in particular, a very significant difference was shown in the difficulty level of A. As a result of the post-analysis, it was large in the order of the national sports high school group, the selection group, and the world championship group in the difficulty of A and B, while it was large in the order of the world championship group, the selection group, and the national sports high school group in the difficulty of D and E. Conclusion: In order for Korean athletes to win prizes at international competitions, the starting score must be increased, and in order to increase the starting score, it is believed that high-level technology composition and connecting technology composition are necessary. 목적: 본 연구는 세계우수선수와 국내우수선수의 철봉 종목 연기내용을 분석하여 국제대회에 입상하기 위한기초자료로서 현장에 있는 선수 및 지도자들에게 정보를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 세계선수권 상위 8명, 국가대표 선발전 개인종합 상위 8명, 103회 전국체육대회에 출전한 고등부 개인종합 상위 8명으로 총 24명의 선수를 대상으로 편의표본추출방법을 사용하였다. 세 집단의 영상분석을 위해서 비디오카메라로 촬영된 영상을 비교, 대조를 위한 채점표를 사용하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS 26.0(Ver) 통계프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석, One-way ANOVA, 사후분석을 실시하였고 유의수준은 α=.05로 설정하였다. 결과: 첫째, 세 그룹별 철봉 종목 연기구성 난이도에 대한 빈도분석 결과 세계선수권 그룹은 D난이도, 선발전 그룹은 C난이도, 전국체전 고등부 그룹은 B난이도를 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났고 세 그룹 모두 F난이도를 실시하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 그룹별 철봉 종목 시작점수에 대한 비교분석 결과 세 그룹은F=9.952, P<.001 수준으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 사후분석결과 세계선수권 그룹이 가장 높고 선발전 그룹, 전국체전 고등부 그룹 순으로 점수 차이가 나타났다. 그룹별 철봉 종목 연기구성 난이도에대한 비교분석 결과 A난이도 F=15.075 p<.001, B난이도 F=8.438 p<.01, D난이로 F=9.126, p<.01, E난이도F=5.553, p<.05 수준으로 평균차이가 나타났으며, 특히 A난이도에서 매우 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 사후분석 결과 A, B난이도에서 전국체전 고등부 그룹, 선발전 그룹, 세계선수권 그룹 순으로 크게 나타났고, 반면D, E난이도에서 세계선수권 그룹, 선발전 그룹, 전국체전 고등부 그룹 순으로 크게 나타났다. 결론: 우리나라 선수들이 국제대회에서 입상을 하기 위해서는 시작점수를 높여야 하며, 시작점수를 높이기위해서는 고난이도의 기술구성과 연결기술의 종목구성이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

      • KCI등재

        Predicting the Item Difficulty of a Simulated CSAT English Test Based on Corpus Analysis

        엄혜랑 한국영어평가학회 2021 영어평가 Vol.16 No.1

        This study investigates the relationship between linguistic features and item difficulty of a simulated College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) English test, based on a corpus analysis. The test used for the present study was a simulated CSAT English test administered in June 2020. Item difficulty data was collected from 101,386 students who took the test. For the corpus analysis, lexical and syntactic variables were measured by the Lexical Complexity Analyzer (LCA) and the L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer (L2SCA), the computational tool and were correlated with item difficulty (dependent variable) for 41 test items. According to the correlation analysis, one lexical variable and all syntactic variables were found to be significantly correlated with item difficulty. Also, the results of the multiple regression indicate that lexical sophistication and particular structures are related to item difficulty, explaining for approximately 55.1% of the variance in item difficulty. The results showed that the variables identified in the current study were explanatory in terms of predicting item difficulty of the CSAT English test. Therefore, the findings of this study have pedagogical implications for test developers and education policy makers in Korea, with regard to text characteristics and test difficulty. This study investigates the relationship between linguistic features and item difficulty of a simulated CSAT English test, based on a corpus analysis. The test used for the present study was a simulated College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) English test administered in June 2020. Item difficulty data was collected from 101,386 students who took the test. For the corpus analysis, lexical and syntactic variables were measured by the Lexical Complexity Analyzer (LCA) and the L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer (L2SCA). The computational tool and were correlated with item difficulty (dependent variable) for 41 test items. According to the correlation analysis, one lexical variable and all syntactic variables were found to be significantly correlated with item difficulty. Also, the results of the multiple regression indicate that lexical sophistication and particular structures are related to item difficulty, explaining for approximately 55.1% of the variance in item difficulty. The results showed that the variables identified in the current study were explanatory in terms of predicting item difficulty of the CSAT English test. Therefore, the findings of this study have pedagogical implications for test developers and education policy makers in Korea, with regard to text characteristics and test difficulty.

      • KCI등재후보

        태권도 품새 동작의 난이도 분석을 위한 표준화 연구

        조은형 ( Eun Hyung Cho ) 국기원 2015 국기원태권도연구 Vol.6 No.1

        본 연구는 전문가의 면담을 통해 현행 태권도 유급자 및 유단자 품새 기술 동작의 체계적 분류에 의한 내용분석과 난이도 개념 정의와 정의된 개념을 바탕으로 현행 태권도 품새 동작 및 기술 난이도 분류를 목적으로 진행하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 유급자 품새의 기본동작에 따른 난이도 등급을 분류한 결과, 태극 1장에 난이도1은 전체 7개, 난이도2는 1개, 난이도3에 해당하는 기술은 없었고, 태극 2장은 난이도1은 8개, 난이도2는 1개, 난이도3에 해당하는 기술은 없었다. 태극7장은 난이도1이 10개, 난이도2는 11개, 난이도3은 3개로 분류되었다. 기본동작 구분에 따른 난이도 등급 분류를 살펴보면, 서기, 지르기, 막기 동작은 태극 1장에서 8장까지 전반에 걸쳐 난이도1에 해당하는 기술이 많이 분류되었다. 유급자 품새 기술 난이도는 난이도1에 해당하는 기술 수는 24개, 난이도2에 24개, 난이도3은 6개로 분류되었다. 유단자 품새의 난이도 등급을 분류한 결과,고려 품새 난이도1은 전체 22개, 난이도2는 4개, 난이도3은 2개로 분류되었으며, 금강 품새의 경우는 지르기, 찌르기, 차기 동작은 없었으며, 평원에서는 지르기, 찌르기 동작은 없으며, 난이도1은13개, 난이도2는 6개, 난이도3은 5개로 분류되었다. 이러한 결과는 태권도에서 겨루기에 이어 품새가 경기화 되면서 태권도 현장뿐만 아니라 관련분야 연구자들에게도 품새 기술의 구성에 대한관심이 높아지고 있다. 품새의 급은 수련기간에 따라 동작의 완성도가 높아지는 단계에 준하는 승급체계를 가지고 있으며 이러한 위계적 단계는 유단자 품새에서도 동일하게 적용되고 있는 것으로 인식되어 있다. 하지만 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 대부분의 품새는 급 또는 단의 변화에 따른동작의 다양성 및 변별력이 위계적으로 구성되어 있지 않다는 것을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of the study was to analyze the characteristics of Taekwondo Poomsae movements. Content analysis was conducted in an attempted to systematically classify Poomsae movements that are included in both Geup (Taegeuk Chapter 1 ~ 8) and Dan Grades (Koryo - Ilyeo) Poomsaes (Total 17). Poomsae text books currently used in Kukkiwon, KTA, WTF, and related previous studies were referenced for data collection. Descriptive statistics and contents analyses were conducted using PASW 18.0 Version Program. The results obtained in the present study can be summarized as follows. The research results of classification difficulty rating based on the default behavior of the stipendiary Poomsae, the Taegeuk Chapter 1 Level 1 is the total 7, Level 2, there was no technology available for 1, 3 difficulty, difficulty Taegeuk Chapter2 1 to 8, Level 2, there was no technique for the 1, Level 3. Taegeuk Chapter 7 Level 1, 10, 11 Level 2, Level 3 has been classified into three. Looking at the difficulty of classification according to the default behavior, classification, Seogi(stance), Makgi(block), stop motion has been classified a lot of technology for the Level 1 up to 8 from across the difficulty one. Poomsae technical difficulty stipendiary 24 for the number of technical difficulty. 1, 24 at Level 2, Level 3 has been classified to 6. After classifying the difficulty rating of black belt poomsae, Level 1, 22 total consideration Poomsae, 2, 4 difficulty, difficulty level 3 has been classified in two pieces, in the case of Geuk Poomsae is hectoring, Sting, the next action was not, in the plains hectoring, there is no sting operation, difficulty 13 1, Level 2, 6, Level 3 were classified into 5.

      • KCI등재

        여자 마루운동의 세계우수선수와 국내선수의 연기 내용에 관한 비교 분석

        전혜령(Hea Ryeong Jeon) 한국체육측정평가학회 2010 한국체육측정평가학회지 Vol.12 No.2

        본 연구의 내용을 조사하기 위하여 제 90회 전국체육대회의 체조 경기 중 종목별 마루운동 결승경기와 2009 세계선수권대회 (런던)의 체조 경기 중 종목별 마루운동 결승경기를 촬영하여 난도 및 연기내용을 국제체조연맹(FIG)에서 규정한 여자채점규칙집(Code of point 2009)에 의거하여 기록하고 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 전체 연구 대상의 마루운동 난이도 요소에 대한 분석에서 한국선수는 평균 11.29개, 세계선수는 평균 12.0개로 나타났으며 한국선수들은 C난도 2.71회와 D난도 2.29회로 활용한 것으로 나타났으며, 세계선수들은 C난도 3.29회와 D난도를 평균 2.57회 그리고 E난도를 1.43회를 실행하였다. 둘째, 난도 가치 0.30을 받을 수 있는 C난이도를 비교해보면 세계선수들은 6종류로 7명의 총 23회를 실시한 것으로 나타났으며 한국선수들도 6종류로 총 20회를 실시하였다. 셋째, 난도 가치 0.40를 받을 수 있는 D 난이도를 한국선수는 3종류로 7명의 총 16회를 실시하였으나 세계선수들은 기술의 종류에서 한국선수들보다 두 배가 넘어서는 총 8종류의 요소로 총 18회를 실시한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 난이도가치 0.5를 받을 수 있는 E 난이도를 한국선수는 2종류의 요소로 총 3회를 실시하였으며 세계선수는 5종류의 요소로 총 10회를 실시하였다. 다섯째, 연결가치에서 세계선수는 총 11종류의 연결가치를 활용하면서 총 14회를 실시하였다. 0.1의 연결가치 점수를 받는 연결요소는 7가지였으며 0.2의 연결가치 점수를 받는 연결요소도 7가지를 활용하였다. 한국선수는 3종류의 연결가치를 활용하면서 총 5회를 실시하여 0.1의 연결가치 점수를 받는 연결요소로만 실행하였다. To survey the contents of this study, it did shoot the process of the final floor exercise game by item out of gymnastics competition for the 90th National Sports Festival, and of the floor exercise game by item out of gymnastics competition for 2009 World Championships (London), by using KODAK(KCSJA 82700606), and recorded and analyzed the difficulty level and performance contents based on Code of point 2009 for women prescribed by FIG(Federation Internationale de Gymnastique). As a result, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. In the analysis on difficulty level of floor exercise in the whole research subjects, it was indicated to be averagely 11.29 pieces for Korean players and to be averagely 12.0 pieces for world players. Korean players were indicated to have utilized 2.71 times for C level of difficulty and 2.86 times for D level of difficulty. World players carried out 3.29 times for C level of difficulty and 2.57 times for D level of difficulty on the average, and 1.43 times for E level of difficulty. 2. Given comparing C level of difficulty available for receiving 0.30 in difficulty value, the world players were indicated that 7 players carry out totally 23 times with 6 kinds of elements. Korean players were indicated that one player carried out averagely by 2.86 times while 7 players carry out totally 20 times with 6 kinds of elements. 3. As for D level of difficulty available for receiving 0.40 in difficulty value, Korean players were indicated that one player carried out averagely 2.29 times by which 7 players carried out totally 16 times with 3 kinds of elements. However, world players were indicated that 7 players carried out totally 18 times with totally 8 kinds of elements, which exceed the double compared to Korean players in the kinds of skills. 4. As for E level of difficulty available for receiving 0.5 in difficulty value, Korean players carried out totally 3 times with 2 elements. World players carried out totally 10 times with 5 kinds. 5. In the connection value, the world players carried out totally 14 times while utilizing the connection value in totally 11 kinds. Korean players carried out totally 5 times while utilizing the connection value in 3 kinds, thereby having carried out only with connection element of receiving score in 0.1 of connection value.

      • KCI등재

        다중 난이도를 갖는 시각적 Oddball 작업 수행 시 사상관련전위의 독립요소분석

        김자현,윤진,김경환,Kim, Ja-Hyun,Yoon, Jin,Kim, Kyung-Hwan 대한의용생체공학회 2008 의공학회지 Vol.29 No.1

        The purpose of this study is to observe the brain activity patterns during visual oddball tasks with two difficulty levels by the analysis of high-density event-related potential (ERP). Along with conventional statistical analysis of averaged ERP waveforms, we applied independent component analysis (ICA) for the individual, single-trial analysis and verified its effectiveness. We could identify multiple ERP components such as early visual components (P1, N1), and two components which seem to be important task-related components and showed difficulty-dependent variability (P2, P300). The P2 was found around central region at $180{\sim}220ms$, and the P300 was found globally at $300{\sim}500ms$ poststimulus. As the task became difficult, the P2 amplitude increased, and the P300 amplitude decreased. After single-trial ERPs were decomposed into multiple independent components (ICs), several ICs resulting from P2 and P300 sources were identified. These ICs were projected onto scalp electrodes and the projected ICs were statistically compared according to two task difficulties. For most subjects, the results obtained from single-trial/individual analysis using ICA gave the tendencies of amplitude change that are similar to the averaged ERP analysis for most subjects. The temporal pattern and number of ICs corresponding to ${\mu}$ rhythm was not dependent on the task difficulty. It seems that the motor response was not affected by the task difficulty.

      • KCI등재

        한국어능력시험 읽기 영역 난이도 설정에 대한 비판적 검토 -제25회∼제27회 중급 읽기 영역을 중심으로-

        함정식 ( Jeong Sik Hahm ),김명광 ( Myoung Kwang Kim ) 한민족어문학회 2014 韓民族語文學 Vol.0 No.66

        이 글은 제25회∼제27회 한국어능력시험 중급 읽기 영역의 문항 양호도 분석과 오답 매력도가 높은 문항에 대한 내용 분석을 통해 시험의 안정성을 평가하고 평가틀 개선을 위한 방향을 탐색하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이 연구에서 사용된 자료는 제25회∼제27회 한국어능력시험 국내 지역 응시자의 중급 읽기 영역 문항 반응 결과였으며 회차별로 사례수는 제25회 8,461건, 제26회 9,029건, 제27회 10,106건이었다. 이들 자료에 대해 고전검사이론에 의한 문항 분석을 실시하기 위해 TestAn 1.0을 사용하였다. 제25회∼제27회 한국어능력시험 중급 읽기 영역의 문항 분석 결과를 요약하면 3회 시험 모두 안정적인 평균 난이도와 변별도를 보이며 검사 신뢰도 역시 양호한 것으로 파악되었다. 그러나 문항 단위 분석 결과, 4급 합격자와 불합격자로 상하위 집단을 구분하였을 때, 동 시험이 가진 문항 난이도의 문제가 분명히 드러났다. 또 오답 매력도가 높은 문항에 대한 내용분석 결과 동 시험의 평가 기능 중 일부는 난이도를 높이기 위해 해당 수준에 맞지 않거나 지나치게 작위적인 방법으로 문항을 출제하는 것으로 드러났다. 이상의 분석 결과를 바탕으로 해당 수준에 맞지 않는 너무 쉽거나 어려운 문항을 배제해야 하며, 출제진의 전문성과 출제 체제의 개선을 위해 노력할 필요가 있고, 회차 간 동등화 방안의 마련이 필요하다는 점 등을 차후 평가틀 개선을 위한 시사점을 제시하였다. This study aims to evaluate test stability of TOPIK(Test of Proficiency in Korean) and explore ways to improve its evaluation frame through the quality analysis of test items and content analysis of highly attractive distractors in the area of reading test of TOPIK between 25th and 27th in the intermediate level. The results of item reactions were collected from the area of reading tests of TOPIK between 25th and 27th in the intermediate level and the sample size were 8,461, 9,029, and 10,106 cases for each test from 25th to 27th. TestAn 1.0 was used to implement item analysis by the classical test theory about these sample items. To summarize the results of item analysis of these materials, the all three tests from 25th to 27th showed the item difficulty, item discrimination and test reliability are overally stable and adequate as a whole. When dividing test takers in the fourth level into two groups between successful ones(the high rank group) and unsuccessful ones(the low rank group), however, this test of this range(the fourth level) indicated an error in terms of item difficulty in the light of item-based analysis. Moreover, it was revealed that the test items were made irrelevant in terms of test takers` level or excessively artificial to increase the item difficulty when the highly attractive distractors were analyzed. The results of analyzing the test, therefore suggest that level-irrelevant test items should be avoided, professional qualified test item makers should be trained, test making systems should be improved and the each case of tests should be equated to improve the overall evaluation frame hereafter.

      • KCI등재

        한, 중 자음 대조분석을 통한 난이도 위계 설정

        냉리나 ( Lee Na Leng ),김정태 ( Jeong Tae Kim ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2013 인문학연구 Vol.46 No.4

        It is a well known fact that pronunciation is important in Korean education. No matter how precise you understand and use Korean vocabulary and grammar, incorrect pronunciation cannot deliver your words precisely. Like this, pronunciation is important to learners studying Korean. There has been much discussion to solve this problem in various aspects. This study sets Korean consonants in steps which Chinese learners find difficult according to Prator(1967)`s Hierarchy of difficulty based on Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis. This is setting the hierarchy of difficulty in consonants which Chinese people learning Korean have difficulty in. This is the previous step in seeking a Korean consonants pronunciation education plan in the end. The next step is verifying the set hierarchy of difficulty through a listening experiment and propose an adequate level of difficulty. For this, this study tried phasing in the allophone layer. Some allophones of Korean are equivalent to phonemes of Chinese. We set 33 allophones for 19 phonemes in Korean according to the place of articulation, manner of articulation, etc. and 28 allophones for 22 phonemes in Chinese. Prator(1967)`s Hierarchy of difficulty theory was applied based on this and the difficulty level was set in consonants when Chinese learners learn Korean. As a result, Chinese learners turned out to have most difficulty in distinguishing tenseness feature and lax plosives in tense consonants of Korean. Next to these were consonants with allophones from implosion, palatalization, etc. These belong to the difficult level as they are interpreted differently in Korean and Chinese. On the other hand, nasal, volced plosive and aspirated consonants belong to the easiest level. Affricate of aspiration, voiced affricate, and liquid also belong to a relatively easy level. The above results will become some of the standards in discussion for pronunciation education. One standard will be for clarifying how Chinese learners acquire Korean consonants pronunciation, predicting their mistakes and analyzing it. Another standard will be for finding an efficient pronunciation education plan. This may also become a mechanism to verify the validity of contrastive analysis hypothesis.

      • KCI우수등재

        초등학생 집행기능곤란의 변화궤적 및 특성과 예측요인 : 성격유형, 미디어기기 중독 차이분석과 부모요인 예측요인

        장희선(Chang, Heesun) 한국교육학회 2022 敎育學硏究 Vol.60 No.1

        이 연구의 목적은 초등학교 1학년부터 4학년까지 집행기능곤란의 시간적 변화궤적을 분석하고, 잠재계층 유형별 성격유형과 미디어기기 중독에서 특성 차이와 부모요인의 예측효과를 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국아동패널자료 2015년 초등학교 1학년(8차)부터 4학년(11차)의 종단자료와 5학년(12차)자료를 활용하였으며, 기술통계, 상관관계분석, 성장혼합모형(GMM), 변량분석, 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 초등학생의 집행기능곤란 변화궤적의 잠재계층은 ‘집행기능곤란 위험형’, ‘집행기능곤란 저수준형’, ‘집행기능곤란 악화형’ 3개의 이질적인 잠재집단으로 분류되었다. 둘째, ‘집행기능곤란 저수준형’의 경우 친화성, 개방성 성격이 높게 나타났으나, ‘집행기능곤란 위험형’과 ‘집행기능곤란 악화형’의 경우 신경성 성격유형이 높게 나타났다. ‘집행기능곤란 악화형’은 미디어기기 중독도 높은 수준이었다. 셋째, 집행기능곤란 변화궤적 잠재집단 유형구분에서 모의 양육스트레스와 우울은 ‘잠재집단곤란 위험형’에 속할 확률을 높이는 예측요인이었다. 본 연구에서 초등학생의 집행기능곤란 변화궤적은 이질적 잠재집단으로 분류되었고 이에 따른 특성 차이가 나타났다. 향후 모의 부정적 심리적 상태에 대한 지원을 통해 초등학생의 집행기능곤란 중재 방안에 시사하는 바를 제공한다. This study aimed to investigate the change trajectories of executive function difficulty in first- through fourth-grade elementary students using Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) data, as well as characteristic differences by groups and predicted outcomes. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, ANOVA, growth mixed model analysis, and multiple logistical analysis were used with data from 1,404 elementary school students. The results were as follows: First, the latent groups for the change trajectories of executive function difficulty in first- through fourth-grade elementary school students were classified into three types of executive function difficulty: risk of difficulty in executive function, low-level type of difficulty in executive function, and exacerbated type of difficulty in executive function. Second, the low-level type showed high affinity and open personality, but the at-risk type and exacerbated type showed high neurotic personality. Especially, the exacerbated type experienced high media addiction. Third, as factors predicting the latent group type of the change trajectory of executive function difficulty, stress from the parenting of mothers and depression were found to increase the probability of belonging to the high-level of executive function difficulty group. The results of this study provide implications for mediation of execution function difficulty in elementary school students through support for the negative psychological state of the mother.

      • KCI등재

        노인장기요양 재가서비스 종사자들이 서비스 제공과정에서 경험하는 어려움: 방문간호사, 사회복지사, 요양보호사를 중심으로

        양주현,박보현,진보영,김미경 한국노년학회 2020 한국노년학 Vol.40 No.6

        The objective of this study was to investigate the difficulties experienced by long-term care service providers working in home settings—specifically, home-visit nurses, social workers, and paid caregivers. Study participants consisted of 18 providers, including 7 home-visit nurses, 4 social workers, and 7 paid caregivers. The in-depth interviews were conducted in December 2018, with each lasting about 2 hours. The data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Common issues among participants included difficulty in achieving rapport with clients and their families, lack of communication among providers, and an inefficient compensation system for long-term care insurance. Home-visit nurses identified issues with lack of standardized nursing intervention, and difficulty in providing comprehensive nursing care due to treatment-focused interventions. Social workers pointed out ‘the difficulty of mediation due to inappropriate demands of the clients(family) as well as family members’, ‘lack of knowledge about clients’ condition change’. Lastly, paid caregivers discussed difficulties such as ‘lack of understanding about the role of caregivers’, ‘overtime due to lack of understanding of the working hours’. To improve the quality of home-based long-term care services and expand the number of clients served, policies and interventions should be developed to reduce the difficulties experienced by service providers.

      • KCI등재

        악보의 난이도 평가를 위한 방법

        송양의(Yang-Eui Song),이용규(Yong Kyu Lee) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2016 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.21 No.4

        While the difficulty of the music can be classified by a variety of standard, conventional methods are classified by the subjective judgment based on the experience of many musicians or conductors. Music score is difficult to evaluate as there is no quantitative criterion to determine the degree of difficulty. In this paper, we propose a new classification method for determining the degree of difficulty of the music. In order to determine the degree of difficulty, we convert the score, which is expressed as a traditional music score, into electronic music sheet. Moreover, we calculate information about the elements needed to play sheet music by distance of notes, tempo, and quantifying the ease of interpretation. Calculating a degree of difficulty of the entire music via the numerical data, we suggest the difficulty evaluation of the score, and show the difficulty of music through experiments.

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