도 · 농 복합지역주민의 생활양식 변화에 따른 갈등요인 분석

윤준상,이종상 한국비교정부학회 2008 한국비교정부학보 Vol.12 No.1

The integration of the merging areas which is executed in objective of local autonomy appears many problems of difference of life style and development directions between urban and rural area. This study aims to analyze the residents' conflicts factors in the urban-rural integrated cities by merging effects, and to suggest the directions of their conflicts. To accomplish these objectives, the survey was carried out by questionnaire where were Changwon city, Iksan city, Soesan city to the regional scale and population . Some results and directions are showed as follows: 1)To achieve this goals, 16 evaluation indexes were selected from preceding research. These indexes were gathered into 4 groups by factor analysis. 2)Iksan city was encountered with more problems than Changwon city and Seosan city from urban-rural integration. 3)The rural residents feel being alienated and discriminated without receiving equal benefits. 4)In the degree of integration effects of urban-rural integration, it showed significantly vary with variables in community oneness, integration effectiveness and compatibility. 5)The successful integration of a city and rural area requires a rural-centered development policy allowing rural areas to participate community in accordance to the policy satisfying the residents' needs. 6)In case of numbers in officials and agency buildings must be formed with adequately estimated but avoiding indiscreet reduction and abolition. 7)And a variety of efforts including linking between towns and villages as exchanging problems through voluntary activities and the direct purchase of agricultural products. The integration of the merging areas which is executed in objective of local autonomy appears many problems of difference of life style and development directions between urban and rural area. This study aims to analyze the residents' conflicts factors in the urban-rural integrated cities by merging effects, and to suggest the directions of their conflicts. To accomplish these objectives, the survey was carried out by questionnaire where were Changwon city, Iksan city, Soesan city to the regional scale and population . Some results and directions are showed as follows: 1)To achieve this goals, 16 evaluation indexes were selected from preceding research. These indexes were gathered into 4 groups by factor analysis. 2)Iksan city was encountered with more problems than Changwon city and Seosan city from urban-rural integration. 3)The rural residents feel being alienated and discriminated without receiving equal benefits. 4)In the degree of integration effects of urban-rural integration, it showed significantly vary with variables in community oneness, integration effectiveness and compatibility. 5)The successful integration of a city and rural area requires a rural-centered development policy allowing rural areas to participate community in accordance to the policy satisfying the residents' needs. 6)In case of numbers in officials and agency buildings must be formed with adequately estimated but avoiding indiscreet reduction and abolition. 7)And a variety of efforts including linking between towns and villages as exchanging problems through voluntary activities and the direct purchase of agricultural products.

농촌의 인구유입과 지역변화- 전라남도 장흥군의 귀촌을 사례로 -

구지영,안영진 국토지리학회 2014 국토지리학회지 Vol.48 No.4

The rural return migration increased around in the late 1990s in Korea. This is a phenomenon that the people who have various social experience and backgrounds move from urban to rural areas. It causes not only an increase in population, but also a change in quality of life in the rural areas. This study aims to look into the characteristics of rural return migrants and then to consider the regional changes. We chose Jangheung-county, Jeollanamdo-province for this research where the repopulation is increasing and then categorized the return migrants based on the reasoning of returning to the rural areas from the urban areas. We made certain of the general characteristics, the preparation for returning to the rural areas, the regional choice for returning and the economic and social activities after returning to the rural area among return migrants, and then we analyzed it through the frequency-cross analysis and the deep interviews. With this study, we can predict some changes and impacts on the rural areas due to returning from the urban area. 우리나라 농촌지역은 1990년대 후반을 기점으로 도시에서 농촌으로 인구가 이동하는 ‘귀촌’이 증가하고 있다. 이는 다양한 사회적 경험과 배경을 지닌 인구집단들이 도시에서 농촌지역으로 이주하는 현상으로, 농촌인구의 수적 증가뿐 아니라 질적 변화까지 수반하는 인구이동의 한 형태이다. 이 연구의 목적은 이러한 귀촌의 특성을 살펴보고, 그에 따른 지역적 영향을 고찰하는 것이다. 이를 위해 우리나라 서남권에 위치하며 귀촌 양상이 활발한 전라남도 장흥군을 사례지역으로 하여, 장흥군으로 이주한 귀촌인을 귀촌 목적에 따른 유형화를 시도하였다. 그리고 이 연구는 귀촌 유형의 일반적 특징과 아울러 귀촌 준비 형태, 귀촌지역의 선택, 귀촌 후 사회 및 경제적 활동 등을 파악하고 그 차이를 비교 분석해 보았다. 그리고 이 연구는 이에 바탕으로 하여 향후 발생할 농촌의 지역변화에 미칠 영향을 고찰해 보았다.

기후변화에 대응한 농업·농촌부문의 저탄소 녹색성장전략과 과제

이인희(Yi, In-Hee) 한국지역개발학회 2009 韓國地域開發學會誌 Vol.21 No.4

The temperature of the Earth has been rising drastically this century, which result in global climate change. Global climate change has an influence on eco-system, industry, economy, and life style of people. IPCC reported that the average temperature of the Earth recorded 0.74℃ rise last 100 years due to the increase in anthropogenic green house gas(GHG), To achieve a successful green growth in the rural sector, rural development policies should support the application of green technology to agriculture and rural area. It includes a paradigm shift of rural/agricultural policy. It is the purpose of this article in investigate the influence of climate change upon rural communities and agricultural eco- system, and to find the strategy and tasks for low-carbon green growth in rural sector. The main focus is on the application of a green technology to adapt agriculture and rural community to global climatic change.

한국 농촌사회의 변천: 농촌 인구와 가족의 변화를 중심으로

김태헌(Tai-Hun Kim) 한국인구학회 2001 한국인구학 Vol.24 No.1

농촌사회의 변화를 사회 구성원인 인구와 원초제도인 가족의 변화를 중심으로 접근하였다. 연구지역은 청주시로 출퇴근이 가능한 충북 청원군 옥산면의 2개리(근교농촌)와 도시와 접하지 않은 충북 보은군의 2개리(일반농촌)를 선정하였다. 농촌사회의 변화를 측정하기 위하여 연구지역에서 1995-1996년의 1차 조사와 1999-2000년의 2차조사를 실시하였다. 조사원에 의한 면접전수조사이므로 연도 및 지역별 조사결과를 직접 비교하였다. 일반농촌의 경우 성, 연령별 인구구조는 전형적인 역삼각형을 그리고 있으며, 이 현상은 지속적인 젊은 연령층의 전출로 더욱 심화되고 있다. 젊은 연령층의 자녀세대가 도시로 이주하고, 새로운 가족형성이 이루어지지 않고, 노 부모세대만 잔류하다가 노령으로 사망하게 되면 기존 가족의 해체와 더불어 농촌의 지역사회 자체의 존속이 어려워 진다. 한편, 근교농촌의 경우에도 노령화 현상이 나타나지만, 청장년층에서 전출과 전입이 교차하고 있다. 그러므로, 주로 농업에 종사하는 원주민 세대의 노령화가 진행되면서 농촌의 전통적 특성이 감소하는 대신 비농업에 종사하는 젊은 연령층의 전입으로 중간 연령층을 형성하게 되므로 앞으로 도시 특성이 강한 새로운 지역사회로 변모할 것이다. We have approached this study on the basis of population and family changes. We have selected two suburban and two general rural areas for this research. The suburban rural areas are located next to Chungju City. which is the biggest city in Chungbuk Province, and the residents are able to commute to Chungju. The general rural areas are located in Boeun Gun, which is a typical agricultural county in Chungbuk Province. We have conducted two round surveys at the research areas: 1995-1996 for the first round and 1999-2000 for the second round surveys. Since the surveys were completed ones interviewed by enumerators. we have used the survey data directly for the analysis by year and region. The population sturcture by age and sex in general rural areas is shaped as a reverse triangle, which is becoming more serious because of the continuing emigration of young generation. Most of the young generation moves to the urban areas and their old parents only are left in their hometown. rural areas. When the parents become old and die, the number of households in the areas decreases rapidly. If there are no more new family formations, therefore, the rural society itself would cease to exist in near future. However, the situation of suburban rural areas was a different case. Although the rural young generation has moved to urban areas, other young age groups have moved into the areas with their small enterprises and for the low living costs. The original residents become older and the young age groups are replaced with the new immigrants continuously. Therefore, the traditional agricultural society will be replaced with a non-agricultural society, which will have more characteristics of urban areas.

농촌관광 체험활동이 서비스품질 만족과 농촌마을에 대한 태도변화에 미치는 영향

김상현(Sang Hyun Kim),엄서호(Seo Ho Um) 한국관광연구학회 2011 관광연구저널 Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among the service quality of rural tourists` activities, attitude toward the village, and the perceptual dimensions(SENSE, FEEL, THINK, ACT and RELATE) of rural tourists` activities. Ansong Pungsan-gae village was selected as a research site. Longitudinal survey was implemented before and after activity participation every Saturday for three months. 259 responses were collected and used for t-test and SEM(Structured Equation Model). The results of this study is as following. First, attitudes toward the rural village before/after activity participation were compared revealing that attitude toward rural village was positively changed after activity participation. Second, three perceptual dimensions of tourist including FEEL, ACT, and RELATE significantly and positively affected satisfaction of the service quality. In addition, the satisfaction of service quality significantly and positively affected attitude change toward rural village. However, those dimensions(FEEL, ACT, RELATE) did not affect directly attitude change toward rural village. Satisfaction of service quality played a role of mediator between the perceptual dimensions of rural tourist activities and attitude change. It is concluded that rural tourist activities was one of the efficient tools to improve both the image of rural village and its brand power, ultimately influencing sales volume of its agricultural products.

태안반도 촌락형태 형성 및 변화의 특성

최원회 ( Won Hoe Choi ) 한국지리학회 2013 한국지리학회지 Vol.2 No.1

태안반도에는 우리나라 서남부 평야지대의 일반적 집촌과 다른 입지조건하의 ‘전통적 집촌’과 개마고원이나 태백산지 등 산간지의 화전농업지대의 일반적 산촌과는 다른 입지조건하의 ‘전통적 산촌’이 고유하게 발달되어 있다. 이에 따라, 그간 여러 연구자들이 태안반도에 고유하게 발달되어 있는 전통적 집촌 및 전통적 산촌의 특성에 주목하여 ‘태안반도 전통적 집촌 및 전통적 산촌의 형성 과정 및 요인 측면의 특성’에 대해 연구를 진행해 왔는데, 이러한 연구의 대부분은 ‘집촌 및 산촌으로 대별되는 촌락형태의 형성’에 관한 연구에 해당된다. 이런 가운데 필자는 최근 답사 및 문헌 고찰을 통하여 “태안반도에 우리나라 전통적 집촌의 핵심적 구성요소인 ‘배산임수 입지에서의 논농사’의 일부를 적용하거나 변형한” ‘유사집촌’과 “태안반도 전통적 산촌의 핵심적 구성요소인 ‘구릉지 사면에서의 밭농사’의 일부를 적용하거나 변형한” ‘유사산촌’이 존재함을 인지하게 되었는데, 이는 “태안반도의 촌락형태가 변화하고 있음”을 의미한다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 ‘태안반도 촌락형태 형성의 특성’에 대해 그간에 이루어진 연구성과를 중심으로 개관적으로 파악하였고, 이러한 파악 결과에 현지답사 결과를 더하여 두 결과에 터하여 ‘태안반도 촌락형태 변화의 특성’에 대해 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 본 연구에서는 현지답사 이외에 ‘촌락형태 형성에 관한 일반적 이론’을 개관하였고, 이어서 ‘우리나라 촌락형태 형성의 특성’에 대하여 개관하였고, 끝으로 ‘태안반도 촌락형태 형성 및 변화의 특성’에 대해 개관하였다. In Taean peninsula region the traditional agglomerated settlement under the different condition with general agglomerated settlement of southwestern plains in Korea and the traditional dispersed settlement under the different condition with general dispersed settlement of mountainous slash-and-burn farming area in Gaema plateau and Taebaek mountains are well-developed uniquely. Meanwhile the various researchers have carried out with scrupulous attention to detail the characteristics of traditional agglomerated settlement and traditional dispersed settlement in Taean peninsula region, and these studies are regarded as such things on formation of rural settlement form as agglomerated settlement and dispersed settlement. On one hand the author recognized the existence of pseudo-agglomerated settlement applying or changing a part of essential components in traditional agglomerated settlement and the existence of pseudo-dispersed settlement applying or changing a part of essential components in traditional dispersed settlement recently, this means that the rural settlement form in Taean peninsula region is changing. Accordingly, this study set up to identify ‘the characteristics of formation of rural settlement form in Taean peninsula region’ as first purpose and to analyze ‘the characteristics of change of rural settlement form in Taean peninsula region on the previous identification results and the field investigation results’ as second purpose respectively. In order to achieve the purpose of this study the author made a field investigation for Taean peninsula region and reviewed the general theory on formation of rural settlement, the characteristics of formation of rural settlement form in Korea and the characteristics of formation and change of rural settlement form in Taean peninsula region in order.

전라남도의 인구감소에 따른 농촌중심지 변화특성에 관한 연구

조준범 대한건축학회지회연합회 2019 대한건축학회연합논문집 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of this study is to figure out the characteristics of the rural centers change appearing due to population decreases in Jeollanam-do. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, it was identified that rapid population decreases and aging have progressed together centering on myeon areas. The rates of population decreases in myeon areas were at least six times higher than those of eup areas and the rates of average ages changes were also shown to be higher in myeon areas than in eup areas. Second, the central place functions of myeon areas have been weakened very much while the central place functions of eup areas have been strengthened. Third, some differences in changes in the functions of the rural centers appeared according to regional characteristics. The center functions of surrounding areas of large cities and small cities tended to be strengthened or maintained and the phenomenon of declines or stagnation of center functions could be more frequently observed in island and rural areas farther from urban areas. Fourth, the functions of center related to expertism & technology, which are higher central industries and the basic living services for residents were bring weakened. It could be seen that following the population decreases, the spatial structures of rural areas were changing in much different ways from the past. In the long run, it is expected that the hierarchical structure will be simplified and converge into one or two center forms. Therefore, it is necessary to seek the development direction of rural areas to establish bases for the provision of living services such as welfare, culture, and various convenience functions in line with such changes. 본 연구는 전라남도의 농촌지역을 대상으로 인구감소에 따라 나타나는 농촌중심지의 중심기능변화를 규명하고자하는 목적으로 진행하였다. 사업체기초조사 마이크로데이터를 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같이 정리할 수 있다. 첫 번째, 전라남도 농촌지역은 면단위 지역을 중심으로 급속한 인구감소와 고령화 현상이 진행되어온 것으로 확인되었다. 두 번째, 농촌의 중심지 구조가 과거 마을-면단위-읍단위 지역의 계층구조 속에서 면소재지와 읍소재지가 중심기능을 담당했으나 면단위 중심기능이 매우 약해지고 읍단위 중심기능이 강화되는 경향으로 변화해왔다. 세 번째, 지역특성에 따라 농촌중심지의 기능변화에 다소 차이가 나타났다. 대도시와 중소도시 주변지역의 중심기능은 강화 또는 유지하는 경향이 높았고 도시지역에서 원거리일수록 중심기능의 정체 또는 쇠퇴현상을 관찰할 수 있으나 독특한 자연경관특성을 유지한 지역은 기능을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 네 번째, 중심기능의 변화와 전문·기술, 도소매, 수리·개인서비스, 금융보험, 교육서비스, 숙박 및 음식점, 부동산·임대, 정보통신 및 출판, 공공행정 등의 기능변화와 연관 있는 것으로 나타났다. 인구감소에 따라 농촌지역의 공간구조가 과거와는 매우 다른 방식으로 변화되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 장기적으로 계층구조가 단순화되어 1중심 또는 2중심 형태로 수렴할 가능성이 매우 높아질 것으로 예상됨으로, 배후 지역을 고려한 농촌중심의 정주기능개선을 위한 방안을 모색할 때 농촌중심성의 변화특성을 고려할 필요가 있다.

영국 신재생에너지 정책과 농어촌커뮤니티에너지 기금

최은희,이문용,정진희,윤성이,Choi, Eunhee,Lee, Mun-Yong,Jeong, Jin-Hee,Yoon, Sung-Yee 한국관개배수위원회 2014 한국관개배수논문집 Vol.21 No.1

Excessive emission of greenhouse gases from fossil fuels usage has become a major cause of climate change. As an alternative to reduce the greenhouse gas emission, renewable energy has been highlighted around the world and UK government also established the Climate Change Act 2008 and policies for response the climate change. Those of them has been supporting many practical actions for reducing greenhouse gas emission and community energy projects is representative program to supporting security of energy supply and helping the country to reduce its carbon footprint. Rural Community Energy Fund (RCEF) which is one of community energy projects supports rural communities to develop renewable energy projects which provide economic and social benefits to the community. The review of UK's renewable energy policies and action plan can be useful to promote in Korea policies for becoming low-carbon society.

廣東貿易體制 下의 江西의 社會變化

吳金成(Oh Keum-Sung) 역사교육연구회 2003 역사교육 Vol.86 No.-

The Canton System(廣東貿易體制) was a trade system in which the Qing government limited trade with the West only to the port of Guangzhou and granted monopoly of foreign trade to a group of merchants called 13 xing(十三行). Up to the first half of the eighteenth century Jiangxi"s economy had been developing gradually on the basis of food production, cash crop agriculture and crafts, although the region was known to be culturally advanced within China. After the Qing court permitted trade with the West(1685) and especially as the Canton System was established, Jiangxi province, located in the middle of the traffic between Beijing and Guangzhou, enjoyed unprecedented prosperity and attained prestige as an economically and culturally advanced reigion for eighty to ninety years beginning the late eighteenth century through the early nineteenth century. During the preiod of the Canton System (1757-1842) towns such as Dayu, Ganzhou, Zhangshu zhen and Wucheng zhen grew and prospered greatly aside from the provincial capital Nanchang. To the growth of these towns, their advantageous location in traffic routes (especially waterways) contributed enormously. During the same period, periodic rural markets thrived throughout the whole province. Although economic and cultural developments mattered in the blossoming of periodic rural markets, those markets formed mostly at centers of water and land traffic where people and goods gathered. The more prosperous towns were, the closer were they located to the water traffic routes: the scale and prosperity of a given city depended on the scale and convenience of its waterway. Ganzhou, Zhangshu zhen, and Wucheng zhen are cases in point. On the other hand, large towns such as Jingde zhen and Hekou zehn appeared in places where cash crops were produced in the hinterland and handicrafts developed on their basis despite relative inconvenience in transportation. Not only Jiangxi merchants but also outside merchants came to these large towns and some periodic rural markets to purchase goods and engage in vigorous trade activities such as building their guild halls(會館). The power of each different merchant group had its ups and downs. In addition, the role of the gentry (紳士) expanded gradually, for example through the huiguans, as the scale of the towns grew and the composition of the urban society became complex. Such phenomena could also be seen in neighboring Hunan and Hubei provinces as well as in Jiangnan province where countless towns had formed along water trade routes and periodic rural markets had turned into permanently established ones. The formation and prosperity of many large towns and periodic rural markets were on the same track as the development in cash crop agriculture and the growth of handicrafts on its basis. During the Canton System period various cash crops were cultivated in many areas of Jiangxi, and crafts processing them developed as well. For example, gathering of tea leaves and production of tea, cultivation of ramie (苧麻) and production of ramie fablic (夏布), and tobacco cultivation and processing were particularly noteworthy. These lively economic activities in Jiangxi resulted from the influx of outsiders from Fujian and Guangdong who provided new technology and workforce in addition to those of the native population in Jiangxi. The unprecedented prosperity during the Canton System period accompanied enormous social change. Areas along the Dayuling commercial routes and Gan river waterway prospered in particular, and this economic boom spread to inland areas. However, with ceramic ware and tea leaves aside, the benefits Jiangxi society could gain out of the Canton System came mostly from the services needed for transit trade. The development of periodic rural markets, cultivation of cash crops and growth of crafts in the Jiangxi inland can be explained by the overall development of Jiangxi society rather than by the influence f

전남 서남부 농촌지역에 분포하는 나비군집의 변화 양상에 관한 연구

최세웅,안정섭 한국환경생물학회 2015 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.33 No.1

We surveyed butterfly community in a rural area of the southwestern part of Korea toinvestigate the changes of species composition and their abundances between 2001~2002 and2014. The butterfly survey was conducted at the same site using a line transect method. There wasa significant decrease of the numbers of species and individuals between 2001~2002 and 2014. We categorized each species based on six ecological traits: habitat type, habitat breadth, food planttype, food plant breadth, number of generation per year and overwintering stage. The comparisonof number of species using these ecological traits showed no difference during the 10-yr timeintervals. However, the comparison of number of individuals for the ecological traits showed thesignificant differences except for one trait, overwintering stage. We could suspect that the decreaseof butterflies in the study area was resulted from the habitat change. To investigate the causalfactors and the changes of butterfly fauna, we need a long-term monitoring of the local butterflycommunity.