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Ginsenoside Rg1 enhances CD4^(+) T-cell activities and modulates Th1/Th2 differentiation
Lee, Eui-joon,Ko, Eunjung,Lee, Jinwoo,Rho, Samwoong,Ko, Seonggyu,Shin, Min-Kyu,Min, Byung-il,Hong, Moo-Chang,Kim, Si-young,Bae, Hyunsu WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2003 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2003 No.-
Panax ginseng is commonly used as a tonic medicine in Asian countries such as Korea, China, and Japan. It has been reported that ginsenoside Rg1 in P. ginseng increases the proportion of T helper(Th) cells among the total number of T cells and promotes IL-2 gene expression in murine splenocytes. This implies that ginsenoside Rg1 increases the immune activity of CD4 T cells, however, the exact mechanism remains unknown. The present study elucidated the direct effect of Rg1 on helper T-cell activities and on Th1/Th2 lineage development. The results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg1 had no mitogenic effects on unstimulated CD4^(+) T cells, but augmented CD4^(-) T-cell proliferation upon activation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 autibodies in a dose-dependent manner. Rg1 also enhanced the expression of cell surface protein CD69 on CD4^(-) T cells. In Th0 condition, ginsenoside Rg1 increases the expression of IL-2 mRNA, and enhances the expression of IL-4 mRNA on CD4^(+) T cells, suggesting that Rg1 prefers to induce Th2 lineage development. In addition, ginsenoside Rg1 increases IL-4 secretion in CD4^(+) T cells under Th2 skewed condition, while decreasing IFN-ysecretion of cells in Th1 polarizing condition. Thus, Rg1 enhances Th2 lineage development from the naive CD4^(+) T cell both by increasing Th2 specific cytokine secretion and by repressing Th1 specific cytokine production. Therefore, these results suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 is a desirable agent for enhancing CD4^(-) T-cell activity, as well as the correction of Th1-dominant pathological disorders.
Efficient System to Establish Pig Cell Lines to Prevent Immunodeficiency using CRISPR/Cas9 System
Dong-Hwan Kim,Jin Seop Ahn,Wu-Sheng Sun,Seong-Hong Jang,Ga-Ram Kim,Jeong-Woong Lee 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2017 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.41 No.2
For the pig to human organ transplantation, immune rejection is the biggest problem. It is known that T cell is associated with immune rejection and it is necessary to produce severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) pigs to reduce the rejection. Previous studies show that IL2RG and RAG2 mainly function on T cell development which is mainly functions on immune system. Especially, IL2RG is for the T cell and NK cell development, and RAG2 is for maturation of T and B cells. In this study, to produce IL2RG and RAG2 deficient cell lines, we designed specific sgRNAs which target pig IL2RG and RAG2, respectively, using CRISPR/Cas9 system. Each of the GFP tagged targeting vectors were constructed and transfected into pig fibroblasts, respectively or both, to establish single or double knock-out cell lines. After transfection, GFP positive cells were isolated and many single cells were freely seeded and cultured individually. To analysis genomic types of the cells, we amplified and analyzed the targeting regions on DNA. As a result, 3 knock-out cell lines were established for IL2RG and RAG2, respectively. Also, for the double knock-out cell lines, 1 cell line was analyzed by sequencing. By CRISPR/Cas9 system, we established diverse IL2RG and/or RAG2 knock-out cell lines and the cells are planning on producing SCID pigs.
Young-Ik Yoo,Hae-Sung Lee,Dong-Hyun Kim,Myung Joo Han 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.1
To evaluate the anticolitic effect of red ginseng (RG, the steamed root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Araliaceae), RG and its representative constituents, ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2, were orally administered to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitic mice and inflammatory markers investigated. RG and its constituents, ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2, inhibited colon shortening and myeloperoxidase activity induced by DSS. The ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 inhibited mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β as well as protein levels of IL-1β and IL-6. These ginsenosides also inhibited the activation of a transcription nuclear factor (NF)-κB. Ginsenoside Rh2 was a more potent inhibitor than ginsenoside Rg3. The anticolitic effects of these ginsenosides were comparable with sulfasalazine.
Generation of interleukin 2 receptor gamma (IL2Rg) knockout rats with TALEN-mediated gene targeting
Tae-Shin Park,Jung Hwan Hwang,Yong-Hoon Kim,Jung-Ran Noh,Dong-Hee Choi,In-Bok Lee,Yun Jeong Seo,Kyoung-Shim Kim,Doo-Jin Kim,Seokjoong Kim,Jin-Soo Kim,Chul-Ho Lee 한국실험동물학회 2015 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.2
Lee, Jae Hoon,Park, Jong-Hyung,Nam, Tae-Wook,Seo, Sun-Min,Kim, Jun-Young,Lee, Han-Kyul,Han, Jong Hyun,Park, Song Yi,Choi, Yang-Kyu,Lee, Han-Woong Chapman & Hall 2018 Transgenic research Vol.27 No.3
<P>Immunodeficient mice are widely used for pre-clinical studies to understand various human diseases. Here, we report the generation of four immunodeficient mouse models using CRISPR/Cas9 system without inserting any foreign gene sequences such as Neo<SUP>R</SUP> cassettes and their characterization. By eliminating any possible effects of adding a Neo<SUP>R</SUP> cassette, our mouse models may allow us to better elucidate the in vivo functions of each gene. Our FVB-<I>Rag2</I><SUP>−/−</SUP>, B6-<I>Rag2</I><SUP>−/−</SUP>, and BALB/c-<I>Prkdc</I><SUP>−/−</SUP> mice showed phenotypes similar to those of the earlier immunodeficient mouse models, including a lack of mature B cells and T cells and an increase in the number of CD45<SUP>+</SUP>DX-5<SUP>+</SUP> natural killer cells. However, B6-<I>Il2rg</I><SUP>−/−</SUP> mice had a unique phenotype, with a lack of mature B cells, increased number of T cells, and decreased number of natural killer cells. Additionally, serum immunoglobulin levels in all four immunodeficient mouse models were significantly reduced when compared to those in wild-type mice with the exception of IgM in B6-<I>Il2r</I>g<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. These results indicate that our immunodeficient mouse models are a robust tool for in vivo studies of the immune system and will provide new insights into the variation in phenotypic outcomes resulting from different gene-targeting methodologies.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (10.1007/s11248-018-0069-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>