철원 비무장지대를 중심으로 한 따오기 Nipponia nippon 복원 대상지역 선정을 위한 서식환경 평가

노백호(Paikho Rho),한상훈(Sang-Hoon Han) 한국조류학회II 2010 한국조류학회지 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구는 중국, 일본에서 성공적으로 복원하고 있는 따오기의 국내 서식지 복원을 위해 기존의 서식특성이나 이동거리 등을 토대로 서식모형을 개발하고 경관생태학적 관점에서의 따오기 서식에 적합한 지역을 선정하기 위해 실시하였다. 철원 비무장지대를 중심으로 고해상도 위성영상을 확보하여 서식환경을 분석하였으며, 특히 활동권을 감안하여 1㎢ 격자별로 번식자원과 월동자원의 적합성을 평가하였다. 따오기의 번식자원과 월동자원을 충족하는 서식지는 총 11개 패치 116ha로 연구면적의 4.8%로 나타났다. 토교저수지 주변은 민간인의 출입이 제한되어 자연상태의 산림이 형성되었으며, 사계청소로 인해 초지의 구성비율이 높게 나타났다. 분석결과, 따오기의 서식지로 널리 이용되는 산림과 초지, 저수지 및 하천(한탄강), 농경지는 높은 비율을 차지하고 있다. 다만 서식패치의 공간적 배열을 이용한 경관생태학적 평가에 따르면, 번식기에는 넓은 면적의 적은 패치로 이루어진 반면 월동기에는 협소한 면적의 많은 패치로 이루어져 있어, 따오기와 같은 야생조류의 생활양식에 부합하지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 따오기의 철원지역 복원을 위해서는 농경지 패치규모와 형태의 다양화, 농경지 및 인접한 하천, 산림과의 경계밀도 증가를 통해 따오기 번식자원을 우선적으로 제공하여야 한다. This study aims to suggest candidate sites for habitat restoration of the crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) with landscape ecological perspective. We reviewed habitat characteristics and movement patterns in China, and acquired GIS data on environmental variables to develop habitat model of the species in Cheolwon, Korea. Percent cover and spatial arrangement of major habitat patches derived from high-resolution satellite images were used to evaluate ibis habitat suitability of each 1㎢ grid across the study area for wintering and breeding resources. Eleven(11) patches of 116 ha(4.8% of study area) were assigned as suitable habitat for the species. Satellite image classification shows that grassland and herbaceous habitat is higher than expected, probably caused by prescribed burning for military purpose seasonally, and natural woodland is dominant near the DMZ with civilian access control. Landscape composition in the study area is satisfactory for crested ibis: woodlands, grasslands, reservoirs, streams, and rice paddy, which are essential habitat, are widely distributed. However, landscape configuration is not good for the species. The research shows that few large patches are existed during the breeding season, but most wild birds are more likely to distribute separately in that time. In winter season, the species prefer to aggregate in small groups, but habitat patches derived from habitat model are many and small patches in the Cheolwon, Korea. Application of different agricultural techniques encouraging diversity on rice paddy patch, spatial configuration change of habitat type between breeding and wintering season, and increase of rice paddy-woodland edge should be primarily provided to restore crested ibis habitat.

서해북부 대표 개발지역에 도래하는 조류 실태 및 서식지 관리방안 수립 - 송도일원을 대상으로 -

심설웅,주영돈,배정훈,배양섭 한국환경영향평가학회 2023 환경영향평가 Vol.32 No.6

The research area, located in the northern coastal region of South Korea’s West Sea, involves three bird habitats. Among these are two newly established habitats in Songdo International Business District, created by filling and developing tidal flats that were previously utilized as stopover sites for migratory birds. One of these areas showed decrease (Residual tidal flats, site.1) while the other showed increase (Artificial lake, site.2) in bird influx. The third habitat (Namdong reservoir, site.3) is a pre-existing stable habitat which has been maintained as a stable habitat. This study conducts an assessment of habitats based on avian population clusters and environmental surveys and proposes habitat management measures. A survey of bird populations and habitat environments was conducted for a total of 39 occasions from January to December 2022. The observed bird species totaled 14 families and 48 species with 20,760 individuals. Compared to the existing habitats, the newly established habitats showed relatively lower influx of bird species and individuals. During the habitat assessment, the newly established habitats were rated as I to II grade, while the existing habitat was rated as relatively high III grade on the grading assessment of the tidal flat. An analysis of habitat types revealed that the existing habitat, in which diverse strategies for habitat type diversity and mitigating anthropogenic interference were demonstrated, attracted a diverse range of bird species. Through this research, it was deduced that the diversity of habitat types plays a significant role in attracting various bird species. Upon evaluation of habitat types concerning the habitat characteristics of the bird species selected for habitat management, as habitat management measures, it is deemed that the creation of shielded green areas (referred to as ‘buffer green’) to minimize interference from the surroundings, the establishment of reed fields (site.1, 2) positively correlated with reservoirs, and the improvement of sandbanks (site.1) positively associated with tidal flats, the two relations which we drew from correlation analysis between occurrence species and habitat types, would contribute to the future restoration and maintenance of stable habitats. The results of this study can be applied not only to the study area but also to other development zones, such as coastal reclamation sites, which share similar geographical and environmental characteristics, including arrival sites for migratory birds. 본 연구지역은 우리나라 서해북부 초입부로 철새류의 중간기착지로 이용되던 갯벌을 매립하고 조성된 송도국제자유도시에서 조류 이입이 확인된 축소(잔존갯벌, site.1) 및 창출(인공호수, site.2)된 서식지2개소와 개발 전 부터 안정된 서식지를 유지하고 있는 서식지 1개소(남동유수지, site.3)를 대상으로 실시한 조류군집과 서식환경조사를 기초로 서식지 평가를 실시하고 서식지 관리방안을 제안하였다. 2022년 1 월부터 12월까지(총 39차례) 관찰된 조류는 총 14과 48종 20,760개체로 기존 서식지에 비해 새로 조성된서식지로 이입되는 종과 개체수가 상대적으로 적었고 서식지 평가 중 갯벌등급에서 축소나 창출된 서식지는 I~II등급인 반면 기존 서식지는 상대적으로 높은 III등급으로 평가되었다. 서식지유형에 대한 분석에서유형별 면적보다는 유형의 다양성과 인위적 간섭에 대한 대책이 확보된 기존 서식지에서 다양한 조류의 서식이 확인 되었는 바, 서식지유형의 다양성이 다양한 조류의 유입에 관여한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 서식지 관리를 위한 조류종을 선정하고, 선정된 종의 서식특성을 고려한 서식지 유형별 평가를 통한 서식지 관리계획 수립방안으로 주변으로부터 간섭을 최소화할 수 있는 차폐녹지조성(=완충녹지)과 출현종 및 서식지유형간 상관분석을 통해 저수지와 양의 상관관계에 있는 갈대숲의 창출(site.1, 2)과 서식밀도가 높고 주요서식지 유형인 갯벌과 양의 상관관계가 있는 모래톱의 개선(site.1)을 통해 향후 안정된 서식지가 복원유지될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해 연구대상지와 입지적이나 환경이 유사한 서해안 간척(매립)지역 등 개발예정지역의 철새류 도래지역에서 적용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Habitat selection in the lesser cuckoo, an avian brood parasite breeding on Jeju Island, Korea

Yun, Seongho,Lee, Jin-Won,Yoo, Jeong-Chil The Ecological Society of Korea 2020 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.44 No.2

Background: Determining patterns of habitat use is key to understanding of animal ecology. Approximately 1% of bird species use brood parasitism for their breeding strategy, in which they exploit other species' (hosts) parental care by laying eggs in their nests. Brood parasitism may complicate the habitat requirement of brood parasites because they need habitats that support both their host and their own conditions for breeding. Brood parasitism, through changes in reproductive roles of sex or individual, may further diversify habitat use patterns among individuals. However, patterns of habitat use in avian brood parasites have rarely been characterized. In this study, we categorized the habitat preference of a population of brood parasitic lesser cuckoos (Cuculus poliocephalus) breeding on Jeju Island, Korea. By using compositional analyses together with radio-tracking and land cover data, we determined patterns of habitat use and their sexual and diurnal differences. Results: We found that the lesser cuckoo had a relatively large home range and its overall habitat composition (the second-order selection) was similar to those of the study area; open areas such as the field and grassland habitats accounted for 80% of the home range. Nonetheless, their habitat, comprised of 2.54 different habitats per hectare, could be characterized as a mosaic. We also found sexual differences in habitat composition and selection in the core-use area of home ranges (third-order selection). In particular, the forest habitat was preferentially utilized by females, while underutilized by males. However, there was no diurnal change in the pattern of habitat use. Both sexes preferred field habitats at the second-order selection. At the third-order selection, males preferred field habitats followed by grasslands and females preferred grasslands followed by forest habitats. Conclusions: We suggest that the field and grassland habitats represent the two most important areas for the lesser cuckoo on Jeju Island. Nevertheless, this study shows that habitat preference may differ between sexes, likely due to differences in sex roles, sex-based energy demands, and potential sexual conflict.

서식지 등가성 분석을 이용한 연안의 대체서식지규모 산정

박나애(Naae Park),이석모(Suk Mo Lee) 한국생태공학회 2016 한국생태공학회지 Vol.5 No.1

The preservation of the coastal resources and environment is emerging as a large concern worldwide since the coastal zone have been damaged from ongoing national land development and natural disaster lately. South Korea has very well developed coastal zone, which is a region where interaction of the sea and land processes occurs. Therefore, coast improvement projects, which aims to preserve domestic coastal health, including coast preservation project and waterfront renovation project are being enforced. However, the act on the restoration of the coastal habitat is absent. In the United States, Japan, and Europe, the act on the creation of the replacement habitat is enacted to prevent further loss of coastal habitats. This study introduces a way of determining the scale of replacement habitat creation for coastal habitat restoration by using the habitat equivalency analysis. This study also calculate the scale of the replacement habitat based on domestic site using Visual_HEA. As a result, creating replacement habitat of the eelgrass habitat in Koje Bay, where the eelgrass was damaged by road construction, depends on the types of restoration. In case of off-site restoration, 1.729 km² of replacement habitat is needed, which is about 106percent of the injured area. In case of on-site restoration, 0.075 km² of additional replacement habitat is needed, which is about 4.6percent of the injured area. These results can suggest quantitative restoration scale to prevent further loss of coastal habitats and also can be used as the basis to determine the policies for efficient use and preservation of the natural resources.

맹꽁이 대체서식지 조성 평가 및 유지관리 방안 연구- 서울시립대학교 맹꽁이 대체서식지를 사례로 -

박석철,한봉호,박민진 한국조경학회 2019 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.47 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of and to derive future maintenance-management measures of the constructed alternative habitat for the Kaloula borealis at the University of Seoul, examining the period between 2015-2017. The research was constructed in 2014 and in a 191m2area. The performance evaluation was divided into maintaining the habitat of the target species, maintaining the population and reproduction rates of the target species, maintaining the habitat of the wild species, the resilience of natural ecosystems, and the harmony with the surrounding environment. In terms of maintaining the habitat of the target species, soil collected from the existing habitat of the Kaloula borealis and was the depth was increased to 30cm in the alternative habitat. An artificial water supply was required every year during the supporting the spawning and hatching of other amphibians along with the Kaloula borealis. The sources of water of the alternative habitat were both rain and tap water, as it cannot be maintained naturally. Additionally, the Kaloula borealis thrived because it inhabited the research site and the average temperature was 26.2℃ from April-June, which is when the Kaloula borealis spawns. In terms of maintaining the population and reproduction rates of the Kaloula borealis, they were evaluated to have stable rates of reproduction. In terms of maintaining the habitat of the wild species, studies on vegetation and the structure of the characteristics of prey or predators will be needed. Also, alien species, such as Humulus japonicus and Bidens frondosa needed to be removed to maintain the wetland ecosystem of the wild species. In the assessment of the resilience of the natural ecosystems, the mud was monitored, noting the changes in the depth of water, with steps taken to reduce the leakage of water. The mud collected from the Haneul Pond wetland, which is located around the research site was piled up. Also, partial mowing management and the inducement of a natural vegetation colony was required for vegetation management. It was also necessary to create porous spaces, such as old trees and tree branches to create a habitat with hiding places and feeding and spawning places for small organisms. In terms of the harmony with the surrounding environment, the following threat factors needed to be managed: amphibian roadkill by vehicles and pedestrians and artificial draining due to nearby user access. Based on the monitoring results, alternative habitat management measures presented the promoting various waterside structures, in which amphibians can spawn and hide in, managing the water environment consistently, managing the vegetation, focused on the habitat of the wild species, and managing the surrounding environment for the habitat. The creation of an alternative habitat should be managed through monitoring, reflecting the characteristics of the changes in the site. Also continuing efforts are also needed to improve the habitat of the target species. 본 연구는 서울시립대학교 맹꽁이 대체서식지의 2015~2017년 사후모니터링 이후 대체서식지 조성 평가 및 유지관리 방안 도출을 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상지는 2014년에 조성되었으며, 면적은 191m2이다. 조성 평가는 목표종의 서식환경 유지, 목표종의 개체수와 번식률 유지, 자생종 서식환경 유지, 자연생태계로의 회복력, 주변 환경과의 조화로 구분 평가하였다. 목표종의 서식환경 유지 측면에서 대체서식지 내 토양을 기존 맹꽁이 서식지에서 채취하여 토심 30cm 깊이로 조성하였다. 대체서식지 수원은 우수와 수돗물이라 자연적으로 이루어질 수 없으므로 맹꽁이와 함께 다른 양서류 산란 및 부화시기에 인위적인 물 공급이 매년 필요하였다. 그리고 연구대상지는 대체서식지 조성 이후 산란 및 번식을 하는 시기인 6~8월의 평균 기온이 26.2℃로 맹꽁이 서식에는 어려움이 없는 것으로 판단되었다. 맹꽁이 개체수와 번식률 유지 측면에서는 맹꽁이가 점차 안정적인 서식 및 번식을 이루고 있는 것으로 평가하였다. 자생종 서식환경 유지 측면에서는 피식자 또는 포식자 특성을 고려한 식생 종 및 식생 구조 개선이 필요하였고, 환삼덩굴, 미국가막사리 등 외래종은 자생종의 습지 생태계 유지를 위해 제거가 필요하였다. 자연생태계로 회복 평가에서 물빠짐 현상의 완화를 위해 수심 변화 모니터링을 통한 진흙다짐을 실시하였다. 진흙은 대상지 주변에 위치한 하늘연못 습지 바닥에서 채취하여 이설했다. 식생 관리는 부분적인 예초관리가 필요하고, 자연적인 식생 군락 형성 유도가 필요하였다. 또한 고목, 나뭇가지 등 다공질 공간을 조성하여 소생물의 서식 공간 및 은신처, 먹이 산란처를 조성할 필요가 있었다. 주변 환경과 조화 측면에서는 차량 및 보행자에 의한 양서류 로드킬, 인공 배수로에 양서류 빠짐, 주변 이용자 접근 등 위협요인 관리가 필요하였다. 대체서식지 관리방안은 모니터링 결과를 바탕으로 산란 및 은신할 수 있는 다양한 수변구조, 지속적인 수환경 관리, 자생종 서식환경 중심의 식생관리, 야생생물의 서식환경을 위한 주변 환경관리를 제시하였다. 창출형 대체서식지는 모니터링을 통해 대상지 변화 특성을 반영한 관리와 복원 목표종의 서식 환경 개선 노력이 지속적으로 필요하다.

고립된 서식지의 녹색 이동통로 생물유입 가능 디자인 제시 - 서울시 한강 주변지역을 대상으로 -

서지혜 ( Seo¸ Ji-hye ),김우열 ( Kim¸ Woo-yuel ),윤정도 ( Yoon¸ Jung-do ),반영운 ( Ban¸ Yong-un ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2020 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.32 No.4

본 연구는 도시화가 심화된 지역의 파편화된 서식지들의 고립적 형태를 섬생물지리학적 이해를 통해 가장 광범위하게 도시화가 진행된 서울시 내 탄천을 대상으로 하였다. 연구의 단계는 대표적인 서식지와 생물종의 정보 수집에서부터 인문, 사회적 환경요인에 근거한 디자인과 설계 방향으로 다섯 단계(① 생태경관보전지역 내 조류서식지 관련 이론에 대한 정보 수집 등, ② 철새도래지 서식환경 요인과 인문·사회 환경 요인 근거 마련, ③ 조류서식모형 디자인 구현, ④ 탄천 생태경관보전지역 내 철새도래지 서식환경 설계 방향 결정, ⑤ 탄천 생태경관보전지역 내 철새도래지 서식환경 설계 디자인 도출 및 제시)의 연구과정으로 진행되었다. 서울시지정 생태경관보전지역 중 탄천은 도심 속 철새도래지로 지정되어 있다. 이 지역은 주변 지역의 생물 서식지가 다양한 물리적, 인위적인 도심화에 따라 파편화된 도시 섬이 존재하는 지역이다. 이에 생태계 최상의 포식 분류군 조류 중 흰뺨검둥오리, 비오리, 백할미새, 박새 4종의 핵심종을 선정하였다. 선정된 종의 서식 유형에 따른 수계의 수면성, 잠수성, 수변성, 주변 식생 및 녹지 이용에 따른 서식특징을 기준으로 주변 환경의 물리적 환경, 생물상, 수환경 등을 고려해 조류의 서식공간 모형 디자인하고, 조류 서식지와 주변 물리적 환경을 통합한 서식지 디자인을 제시하고자 한다. 또한, 하천 습지 서식지에 해당하는 어류의 주요 종들의 최소와 최대 범주를 고려하였고, 양서류 중 금개구리를 선정하였다. 이런 녹색 하천의 이동통로 형태의 서식환경을 설계함에 앞서 생물에 영향을 최소화하기 위해 식재 계획, 방음벽 설치 계획, 프로그램을 계획하고 전략계획을 제안하였다. 1. 조류 서식환경 회복을 위해 서식환경을 고려한 조류 서식 모형, 2. 인간의 간섭을 최소화하기 위해 보행로를 최소화하고, 3. 조류의 비간섭거리를 고려해 횃대, 인공섬, 징검다리, 식생완충대를 조성, 4. 조류관찰대와 환경생태교육 장소를 제공하는 것이다. 제시된 디자인을 통해 주변 공간이 일부 재구성된다면 단절된 주변 산림 서식지의 생물적 공간의 공유를 통해 생물다양성 증진과 인간의 상생에 질적 향상이 올 것으로 기대된다. 이에 시민을 위한 환경생태복합 공간으로 발현되어 지역 커뮤니티 등 생물뿐만 아니라 인간과 자연의 생물이 공존하는 멀티 생물 다양성 핵심지역으로 발전되길 기대한다. This study deals with the most widely isolated (in terms of fragmented habitats) urban areas and the deepening of understanding over the island bio-geographic status in Seoul/Tancheon amid increased urbanization. The research was conducted in five stages, from collecting information on representative habitats and species, to designing based on humanities and social environmental factors. ① Collection of information on theories related to bird habitats in the ecological landscape conservation area, etc. ② Establish the basis for the habitat environment factors of migratory birds and social environment factors, ③ bird habitat model design implementation, ④ Determination of the design direction of habitat environment for migratory birds in the Tancheon Ecological Landscape Conservation Area, ⑤ Derivation and presentation of design for habitat environment for migratory birds in the Tancheon Ecological Landscape Conservation Area. Tancheon is designated as a place for migratory birds in the city center among 17 areas allocated as ecological and landscape conservation areas in Seoul. In this area, there are urban islands on which the biological habitats of the surrounding areas are fragmented according to physical and artificial urbanization. Therefore, among birds in the ecosystem's best predatory taxa, 4 four key species (Spot-billed Duck, Common Merganser, Black-backed Wagtail, and Great Tit) were selected. A model design of habitat for birds in consideration of the physical environment, biota, and aquatic environments of the surrounding environ based on the characteristics of the water system according to the type of habitat of the selected species, water surface, submersion, water transformation, surrounding vegetation and green space was created. It is intended to present a habitat design that integrates the bird habitat and the surrounding physical environment if the surrounding space of Tancheon is partially reconstructed through the proposed design. In addition, the minimum and maximum categories of the major fish species corresponding to the river wetland habitat were considered, and the golden frog was selected among amphibians. In designing this river of green corridors in the form of habitats in order to minimize the impact on organisms, the following were previously proposed: a planting plan, noise barrier installation planning, general planning, and various strategic planning programs. These include: 1. A bird breeding model that considers the habitat environment ecosystem to restore the bird habitat environment, 2. Minimizing pedestrian paths to reduce human interference, 3. Considering the non-interference distance of birds, construct aperches, artificial islands, stepping stones, and vegetation buffers. 4. Provide ornithologists (bird watchers) a place which provides appropriate ecology education. It is expected that the qualitative improvement of biodiversity and human coexistence will come through the sharing of the biological space of the disconnected surrounding forest habitat. Accordingly, it is expected that it will emerge as an environmental and ecological complex space for citizens and develop into a multi-biodiversity core area where not only living things such as local communities, but also human and natural organisms coexist.

Prediction of suitable feeding habitat for fishes in a stream using physical habitat simulations

Kim, Seung Ki,Choi, Sung-Uk Elsevier 2018 Ecological modelling Vol.385 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study presented the suitable feeding habitat for target fish species using physical habitat simulations for both fishes and macroinvertebrates. The suitable feeding habitat is a novel concept for the fish habitat that guarantees a certain level of feeding condition as well as the suitability of the physical habitat. The study site is a 0.9 km long reach of the Gongneung-cheon Stream, which is a tributary of the Han-gang River in Korea. Three dominant fish species were selected as target fishes such as <I>Rhinogobius brunneus</I>, <I>Zacco platypus</I>, and <I>Pseudogobio esocinus</I>. In order to consider the feeding condition of these fishes, <I>Hydropsyche kozhantschikovi</I>, <I>Chironomidae</I>, <I>Baetis fuscatus</I>, and <I>Cheumatopsyche brevilineata</I> were selected as target macroinvertebrates. Physical habitat simulations were carried out for both fishes and macroinvertebrates, and the distributions of the suitable feeding habitat for the target fishes were provided. It was shown that the suitable feeding habitat properly represents the quality of the target fishes’ habitats. Then, the Weighted Usable Area (WUA) and Weighted epi-Benthic Feeding Area (WBFA) for target fishes were compared, and the results indicated that WBFA predicts fish abundance better than WUA.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This study presented the suitable feeding habitat for target fish species using PHS. </LI> <LI> HSCs for the macroinvertebrates were constructed using monitoring data. </LI> <LI> The CSI distributions for fishes and macroinvertebrates were obtained. </LI> <LI> The distributions of the suitable feeding habitat for the target fishes were presented. </LI> <LI> WBFA predicted fish abundance better than WUA in the study area. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Suitable feeding habitats for target fishes were presented using physical habitat simulations for both fishes and macroinvertebrates.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

보호지역의 지정 및 관리를 위한 국립공원의 서식처 기능 평가 一생물종다양성과 서식처 가치에 기반하여一

류지은 ( Ryu Ji-eun ),최유영 ( Choi Yu-young ),전성우 ( Jeon Seong-woo ),성현찬 ( Sung Hyun-chan ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2018 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.21 No.5

National parks are designated for the purpose of maintenance, conservation and utilization of different habitats. Therefore, it is necessary to select habitats of a high value as a protected area in order to balance conservation and development. However, the existing national park boundary adjustment and new designation criteria only focused on the endangered species and protected area, without proper evaluation of the habitat value of actual species. Therefore, this study aims to quantitatively evaluate habitat function in terms of biodiversity and habitat value, so that it can be referred to for the designation and boundary adjustment of national parks. We assessed species diversity and habitat values for each of the habitat types, for mammals only, as they are able to choose preferred habitats. In order to evaluate biodiversity, we used Maxent to derive species richness map and used InVEST's Habitat quality model to evaluate habitat value. As a result of evaluation, species richness was high in the national park boundary area. Also, even if the same edge is adjacent to the development area depending on the land cover, the species richness is low. Compared with Wolaksan and Sobaeksan National Park, the species richness and habitat value of the northern area, which is connected with other forests, were higher than those of the southern area where roads were developed. Therefore, it is expected that the use of the result of this study for the national park boundary adjustment and management will enhance the function of the national park as a habitat.

Development of a habitat suitability index for the habitat restoration of Pedicularis hallaisanensis Hurusawa

장래하,김선령,정진우,Tho Jae-Hwa,정석환,윤영준 한국생태학회 2022 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.46 No.4

Background: We developed a habitat suitability index (HSI) model for Pedicularis hallaisanensis, a Grade II Endangered Species in South Korea. To determine the habitat variables, we conducted a literature review on P. hallaisanensis with a specific focus on the associated spatial factors, climate, topography, threats, and soil factors to derive five environmental factors that influence P. hallaisanensis habitats. The specific variables were defined based on the collected data and consultations with experts in the field, with the validity of each variable tested through field studies. Results: Mt. Seorak had a suitable habitat area of 2.48 km2 for sites with a score of 1 (0.62% of total area) and 0.01 km2 for sites with a score of 0.9. Mt. Bangtae had a suitable habitat area of 0.03 km2 for sites with a score of 1 (0.02% of total area) and 0 km2 for sites with a score of 0.9. Mt. Gaya showed 0.13 km2 of suitable habitat for sites with a score of 1 (0.17% of total area) and 0 km2 for sites with a score of 0.9. Lastly, Mt. Halla showed 3.12 km2 of suitable habitat related to sites with a score of 1 (2.04% of total area) and 4.08 km2 of sites with a score of 0.9 (2.66% of total area). Mt. Halla accounts for 73.1% of the total core habitat area. Considering the climatic, soil, and forest conditions together with standardized collection sites, our results indicate that Mt. Halla should be viewed as a core habitat of P. hallaisanensis. Conclusions: The findings in this study provide useful data for the identification of core habitat areas and potential alternative habitats to prevent the extinction of the endangered species, P. hallaisanensis. Furthermore, the developed HSI model allows for the prediction of suitable habitats based on the ecological niche of a given species to identify its unique distribution and causal factors.

멸종위기 야생생물 산림 서식지 질적 평가 체계 개발

윤광배,김선령,정석환,이진홍,도재화,한승현 한국환경생물학회 2022 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.40 No.3

In terms of habitat conservation, it is essential to develop a habitat assessment system that can evaluate not only the suitability of the current habitat, but also the health and stability of the habitat. This study aimed to develop a methodology of habitat quality assessment for endangered species by analyzing various existing habitat assessment methods. The habitat quality assessment consisted of selecting targeted species, planning of assessment, selecting targeted sites, assessing performance, calculating grade, and expert verification. Target sites were selected separately from core and potential habitats using a species distribution model or habitat suitability index. Habitat assessment factors were classified into ecological characteristic, landscape characteristic, and species-habitat characteristic. Ecological characteristic consisted of thirteen factors related to health of tree, vegetation, and soil. Landscape characteristic consisted of five factors related to fragment and connectivity of habitat. Species-habitat characteristic consisted of factors for evaluating habitat suitability depending on target species. Since meanings are different depending on characteristics, habitat quality assessment of this study could be used by classifying results for each characteristic according to various assessment purposes, such as designation of alternative habitats, assessment of restoration project, and protected area valuation for endangered species. Forest habitat quality assessment is expected to play an important role in conservation acts of endangered species in the future through continuous supplementation of this system in regard to quantitative assessment criteria and weighting for each factor with an influence. 본 연구에서는 서식지 질적 평가에 대한 추진체계를 6단계로 구분하고, 평가 대상지 선정 방법과 서식지 질적평가 항목을 제시하였다. 서식지 질적 평가 항목은 서식지의 건강성, 안정성, 단절화 및 파편화 정도, 서식지 적합성, 위협 정도 등에 대한 종합적인 평가가 가능하도록 구성되었다. 그러나 현시점에서는 자료부족으로 인하여 서식지 질적 평가 체계가 적용 가능한 멸종위기종이 극히 일부에 해당된다. 서식지 질적 평가 체계는 향후 멸종위기종들에 관한 서식환경자료가 축적되고 이를 기반으로 평가항목들에 대한 정량적 기준 및 가중치가 부여되면 멸종위기종 별 주요 서식지에 대한 보전방안 마련에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.